Asmaa Mahfouz

Asmaa Mahfouz (Egyptian Arabic: أسماء محفوظ‎, pronounced [ʔæsˈmæːʔ mɑħˈfuːz, ˈʔæsmæ-], born 1 February 1985) is an Egyptian activist and one of the founders of the April 6 Youth Movement.[1] She has been credited by journalist Mona Eltahawy and others with helping to spark a mass uprising through her video blog posted one week before the start of the 2011 Egyptian revolution.[2][3] She is a prominent member of Egypt's Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution and one of the leaders of the Egyptian revolution.[4]

Asmaa Mahfouz
Born (1985-02-01) 1 February 1985
Cairo, Egypt
NationalityEgyptian
Alma materCairo University
Known for2011 Egyptian revolution

In 2011 she was one of five recipients of the "Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought", awarded for contributions to "historic changes in the Arab world". The other joint recipients were Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat, and Mohamed Bouazizi of the Arab Spring.

Arabian Business placed Mahfouz at #381 on its list of the World's 500 Most Influential Arabs.[5]

Overview

Born on 1 February 1985 in Egypt, Asmaa graduated from Cairo University with a BA in Business Administration.[6] She later joined several other young Egyptians in founding the April 6 Youth Movement.[7] She currently works for a computer company.[8]

Background

Hosni Mubarak had ruled Egypt since 1981, gaining increasing powers over the years and eliminating individual freedoms under an emergency law allowing the police to detain activists without charge. Corruption increased, and as it did, inequality between the rich and the poor and inadequate social services resulted in widespread discontent. Those working in the textile industry in El Mahalla El Kubra became increasingly dissatisfied with their working conditions and low salaries, driving them to plan a strike in April 2008. Young activists in what became known at the April 6 Youth Movement supported the textile workers, encouraging wider action on Facebook and other social networks. Like the independent journalists, many of them had been harassed and detained by the police, but they continued to support the strikers. Asmaa Mahfouz was one of those who joined them, learning how to make effective use of networking as a means of organising protests.[9]

January 2011 uprising in Egypt

Mahfouz has been credited with having sparked the protests that began the uprising in January 2011 in Cairo.[10] In a video blog posted on Facebook on 18 January, she called on Egyptians to demand their human rights and to voice their disapproval of the regime of Hosni Mubarak. The video was uploaded to YouTube and, within days, went "viral".[11] Addressing the Egyptian nation, she encouraged protesters to gather in Tahrir Square, explaining: "Four Egyptians have set themselves on fire to protest humiliation and hunger and poverty and degradation they had to live with for 30 years... Today, one of these four has died." She then called on her compatriots to "have some shame", arousing them to action. "Instead of setting ourselves on fire, let us do something positive... Sitting at home and just following us on the news or on Facebook leads to our humiliation."[12]

In an interview with al-Mihwar TV, she recalled that a week before 25 January, she had posted a video on Facebook announcing that she would be going to Tahrir Square to protest. Mahfouz said that four other young Egyptians joined her, and that the internal security services quickly surrounded and moved the group away from the square.[13]

Following this, she posted another video announcing her intention to go to the square again on 25 January, a national holiday honoring police who had died in a confrontation with British forces. In this video, she challenged Egyptians to take to the street, saying,

If you think yourself a man, come with me on 25 January. Whoever says women shouldn't go to protests because they will get beaten, let him have some honor and manhood and come with me on 25 January. Whoever says it is not worth it because there will only be a handful of people, I want to tell him, 'You are the reason behind this, and you are a traitor, just like the president or any security cop who beats us in the streets.'[11]

Later in 2011, Mahfouz was arrested on charges of defaming the Egyptian military rulers for calling them a "council of dogs".[14] She was referred to a military court, prompting activists, as well as presidential hopefuls such as Mohamed El Baradei and Ayman Nour to protest her being charged in a military court.[15] Mahfouz was released on bail in the amount of E£ 20,000 (equivalent to approximately US$ 3,350), and after that the Supreme Council of Armed Forces renounced the charges against Asmaa as well as another activist, Loay Nagaty.[16][17][18][19] Her attorney was Hossam Eisa.[10]

In October 2011 it was announced that, together with four other Arabs, Mahfouz would be awarded the European Parliament's Sakharov Prize in recognition of her drive for freedom and human rights. It was explained that she had helped to motivate Egyptians to demand their rights on Tahrir Square by means of videos on YouTube and posts on Facebook and Twitter.[20] Mahfouz was one of only two award winners who attended the presentation ceremony at the European Parliament in Strasbourg on 14 December 2011.[21]

Support of Occupy Wall Street

On 23 October 2011 Mahfouz held a teach-in at Liberty Plaza, in a show of support for the Occupy Wall Street movement. When asked why she came to the OWS protest, she replied, "Many of U.S. residents were in solidarity with us. So, we have to keep going all over the world, because another world is possible for all of us."[22]

Banned from travelling abroad

In October 2014 Mahfouz was held for three hours at Cairo International Airport as she was preparing to leave for Bangkok. The authorities wanted to check to see whether she faced lawsuits. One case involving an attack on a supporter of Hosni Mubarak appeared to be open, but it was shown that she had been acquitted of the crime.[23]

gollark: Or use an existing framebuffer thing.
gollark: The best you could do is copy the window API but add some functions to read its framebuffer and use that.
gollark: It's very annoying but you can disable it.
gollark: ... why? You can mostly just directly pass around tables.
gollark: Oh, one common operation is "cursor to 1,1 and clear terminal".

See also
Political activists

References
  1. El-Naggar, Mona (1 February 2011). "Equal rights takes to the barricades". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  2. "Women play vital role in Egypt's uprising" (transcript). National Public Radio. 4 February 2011. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  3. "Revolutionary blogger Asma threatened". Gulf News. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  4. Fahmy, Heba (1 March 2011). "Youth Coalition says army agrees to remove cabinet and other demands". Daily News Egypt / International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  5. "381 Asmaa Mahfouz". Arabian Business. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  6. Fadl, Essam (7 February 2011). "A talk with Egyptian activist Asmaa Mahfouz". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  7. "The April 6 Youth Movement". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 22 September 2010. Archived from the original on 7 March 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
  8. "Thousands Fill the Streets in Egypt Protests". Illume. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  9. "Biography of Asmaa Mahfouz". African Success. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  10. Leila Fadel (18 August 2011). "Egypt's military rulers drop charges against 2 activists for criticizing military". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  11. Asmaa Mahfouz & the YouTube Video that Helped Spark the Egyptian Uprising Democracy Now!, 8 February 2011.
  12. LeVine, Mark (25 January 2012). "Egypt: The revolution that shame built". Aljazeera. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  13. Asmaa Mahfouz, Organizer of the Demonstrations in Egypt, Talks About Her Decision to Use Facebook to Take Action Al-Mihrar TV, 31 January 2011.
  14. "Freedom Alert: Egyptian activist Asmaa Mahfouz arrested". August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011.
  15. Osman, Ahmed Zaki Activists and presidential hopefuls condemn Asmaa Mahfouz arrest Al Masry Al Youm. 15 August 2011
  16. "Egyptian military drops charges against activists". Financial Times.
  17. "Egyptian military drops charges against activists". August 2011.
  18. Egypt blogger Mahfuz quizzed for 'defaming' military BBC News. 14 August 2011
  19. Osman, Ahmed Zaki Activist released from military court on LE20,000 bail for Facebook post Al Masry Al Youm. 14 August 2011
  20. "The Arab Spring wins Sakharov Prize 2011". European Parliament. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  21. "EU parliament honours Asmaa Mahfouz with Sakharov prize". AhramOnline. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  22. "From Tahrir to Wall Street: Egyptian Revolutionary Asmaa Mahfouz Speaks at Occupy Wall Street". Democracynow.org. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  23. "Activist Asmaa Mahfouz banned from travelling". Daily News. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2017.

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