Ashburton River / Hakatere

The Ashburton River / Hakatere is a river in the Canterbury region of New Zealand, flowing across Mid Canterbury from the Southern Alps to the Pacific Ocean. The official name of the river was amended to become a dual name by the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998.[1] It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of the endangered black-billed gull.[2]

Ashburton River / Hakatere
This view of Ashburton, New Zealand shows the confluence of south (on left) and north branches
Location
Country	New Zealand
Physical characteristics
Mouth
• location	Pacific Ocean
• elevation	0 metres (0 ft)

Description

The river has two branches which meet 21 kilometres (13 mi) from the coast, just inland of the town of Ashburton. The branches remain parallel and no more than 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) apart for a further 20 kilometres (12 mi) upstream of their confluence, finally diverging near the small settlement of Ashburton Forks.[3][4] The rivers' path southeast across the Canterbury Plains lies in a shallow depression between the higher shingle fans created by the much larger Rakaia and Rangitata rivers.[4] Both branches are crossed via siphons by the Rangitata Diversion Race, part of an irrigation scheme.[3]

The river separates Ashburton from its southern suburb, Tinwald. Both river and town are named for Bingham Baring, 2nd Baron Ashburton, who was a leading member of the Canterbury Association.[4]

North branch

Ashburton River North Branch / Hakatere
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Godley Peak
• elevation	1,705 metres (5,594 ft)
Length	98 kilometres (61 mi)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Swift River

The Ashburton River North Branch / Hakatere flows from the slopes of Godley Peak (2,087 metres (6,847 ft)) in the Palmer Range. The uppermost reach of the river is known as Petticoat lane.[5] The river flows south then southwest through narrow scree-sided valleys with almost no areas of river flats. The Black Hills Range and Pudding Hill Range lie to the northeast and the Alford Range to the southwest. The river emerges from the hills adjacent to Pudding Hill airfield.

South branch

Ashburton River South Branch / Hakatere
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Ashburton Glacier
• elevation	1,480 metres (4,860 ft)
Length	113 kilometres (70 mi) (source – sea)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Stour River

The larger Ashburton River South Branch / Hakatere starts as the outflow of the Ashburton Glacier which flows down from Mount Arrowsmith (2,781 metres (9,124 ft)), 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of the North branch source. It initially flows southeast down a narrow valley between the Big Hill Range and the Wild Man's Brother Range. 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from source the river trends south, turning southeast again to cross the flat Hakatere Valley where the outflows of several small lakes (collectively known as the Ashburton Lakes) join it.[6] The river exits the valley via the Ashburton Gorge, with the Moorhouse Range to the south and the Clent Hills and Winterslow Range to the north, emerging onto the Canterbury Plains at Mount Somers then flowing east towards Ashburton Forks.

References

1. "Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998".
2. "Ashburton River". BirdLife data zone: Important Bird Areas. BirdLife International. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
3. New Zealand 1:50000 Topographic Map series sheet BX20 Methven
4. Beck, Alan Copland (1966). "ASHBURTON RIVER". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
5. New Zealand 1:50000 Topographic Map Series sheet BW19 – Taylors Camp
6. New Zealand 1:50000 Topographic Map Series sheet BX19 – Hakatere