Arthur Boyd

Arthur Merric Bloomfield Boyd AC OBE (24 July 1920 – 24 April 1999) was a leading Australian painter of the middle to late 20th century. Boyd's work ranges from impressionist renderings of Australian landscape to starkly expressionist figuration, and many canvases feature both. Several famous works set Biblical stories against the Australian landscape, such as The Expulsion (1947–48),[1] now at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Having a strong social conscience, Boyd's work deals with humanitarian issues and universal themes of love, loss and shame.[2]

Not to be confused with Arthur Merric Boyd (1862-1940)
Arthur Boyd

AC OBE
Arthur Boyd
(courtesy of the National Library of Australia)
Born
Arthur Merric Bloomfield Boyd

(1920-07-24)24 July 1920
Murrumbeena, Victoria, Australia
Died24 April 1999(1999-04-24) (aged 78)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
NationalityAustralian
Known forVisual arts, philanthropy
Works
Bride and Nebuchadnezzar series
MovementAntipodeans
Spouse(s)Yvonne Boyd (née Lennie)
ChildrenJamie Boyd, Polly Boyd, Lucy Boyd
Parents
Relatives
AwardsAustralian of the Year (1995)

Boyd was a member of the Antipodeans, a group of Melbourne painters that also included Clifton Pugh, David Boyd, John Brack, Robert Dickerson, John Perceval and Charles Blackman.

The Boyd Family line of successive and connective artists includes painters, sculptors, architects and other arts professionals, commencing with Boyd's grandmother Emma Minnie Boyd and her husband Arthur Merric Boyd, Boyd's father Merric and mother Doris; 'She was the backbone of the family' recalls Boyd "without her, the entire family would have fallen apart", uncle Penleigh Boyd (and his son, Arthur's cousin, Robin), uncle Martin Boyd, and siblings Guy, David and Lucy. His other sister Mary Boyd, married first John Perceval, and then later Sidney Nolan, both artists. Boyd's wife, Yvonne Boyd (née Lennie[3]) is also a painter; as are their children Jamie, Polly, and Lucy.

In 1993, Arthur and Yvonne Boyd gave family properties comprising 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres) at Bundanon on the Shoalhaven River to the people of Australia. Held in trust, Boyd later donated further property, artwork, and the copyright to all of his work.

Early years and background
A tapestry which is a greatly enlarged version of Boyd's original painting. It is one of the world's largest tapestries and hangs in the Great Hall of the Australian Parliament House.

Boyd was born at Murrumbeena, Victoria, the son of Doris Boyd and her husband Merric, both potters and painters. Boyd's sisters Lucy and Mary were both artists as well as both of Boyd's younger brothers; David was a painter, and Guy a sculptor. After leaving school aged 14 years, Boyd briefly attended night classes at the National Gallery School in Melbourne where Jewish immigrant artist Yosl Bergner introduced Boyd to writers such as Dostoyevsky and Kafka[2] and influenced his humanitarian values and social conscience. Boyd later spent some time living on the Mornington Peninsula at Rosebud with his grandfather, the landscape painter Arthur Merric Boyd,[4] a primary guide to the formation of his talent.[5] Early paintings were portraits and of seascapes of Port Phillip created while he was an adolescent, living in the suburbs of Melbourne. He moved to the inner city where he was influenced by his contact with European refugees. Reflecting this move in the late 1930s, his work moved into a distinct period of depictions of fanciful characters in urban settings.

Boyd was conscripted in 1941 and served with the Cartographic Unit until 1944. Although he did not see active duty, Boyd's expressionistic wartime paintings, including images of cripples and those deemed unfit for war service, were considered painful images of the dispossessed and the outcast.[5][6]

Career

Following the war, Boyd, together with John Perceval founded a workshop at Murrumbeena and turned his hand to what he since childhood had seen his father's hands occupied with, pottery.[7] Later came ceramic painting and sculpture. Although Boyd was the closest of friends with Albert Tucker, Joy Hester and Sidney Nolan and the art patrons John and Sunday Reed, the modernist Heide Circle and its hierarchical structure did not beckon him overtly as his position in the Boyd family gave him the fullest identity in itself.[5]

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Boyd traveled to Victoria's Wimmera country and to Central Australia including Alice Springs and his work turned towards landscape paintings. During this period, perhaps his best-known work comes from his Love, Marriage and Death of a Half-Caste Bride series of 31 paintings, also known as The Bride, that imagined an Aboriginal person of mixed descent as a neglected outsider.[2] First exhibited in Melbourne in April 1958, the series met a mixed reaction, as it did later that year in Adelaide and Sydney.[8] Following the 1999 acquisition of Reflected Bride 1 by the National Gallery of Australia, the gallery's director Brian Kennedy commented in 2002:[8]

The Bride paintings are among the greatest expressions of conscience by an Australian artist. Brilliantly executed and of sustained quality, Reflected Bride 1 speaks to contemporary Australia, beseeching reconciliation, understanding and a tolerant, compassionate meeting of old and new cultures.

Boyd’s paintings are not pretty, however, and carry a pervasive magical and somewhat menacing atmosphere. It is as if the figures and the landscape are one. The bride rises from the stream, an Ophelia caught by a groom whose foot hooks a tree. The bride is staring at an absurd mask-like white bride’s head which appears to glow out of the forest. This is a surreal wilderness, a strange place of nightmarish dreams.

Olympic Pylon (1956)

In 1956, Boyd's ceramic sculpture 'Olympic Pylon' was installed in the forecourt of the Melbourne Olympic Swimming Pool.[9]

Relocate to Europe

Boyd represented Australia with Arthur Streeton at the Venice Biennale in 1958, where his Bride series was well received.[10]

He was affiliated with the Antipodeans, a group of painters founded in 1959 and supported by Australian art historian Bernard Smith, who tried to promote figurative art when abstract painting and sculpture was dominant. The group exhibited at the Whitechapel gallery in London.[2] In 1959 Boyd and his family moved to London, where he remained until 1971.[2] In London, he started receiving commissions for ballet and opera set designs, and, after taking up etching and returning to ceramic painting, in 1966 he began the Nebuchadnezzar[11] series in response to the Vietnam War[5] as a statement of the human condition. While in London, Boyd entered another distinct period with his works themed around the idea of metamorphosis.

He produced several series of works, including a collection of fifteen biblical paintings based on the teaching of his mother, Doris. Later he produced a tempera series about large areas of sky and land, called the Wimmera series.

Return to Australia

The recipient of a Creative Arts Fellowship from the Australian National University, in 1971 Boyd and his family returned to Australia as one of Australia's most highly regarded artists. In 1975, Boyd donated several thousand works including pastels, sculptures, ceramics, etchings, tapestries, paintings and drawings to the National Gallery of Australia.[5][8]

In 1978, Arthur and Yvonne Boyd purchased properties and settled permanently at Bundanon on the Shoalhaven River. The following year, ABC TV and BBC TV co-produced the television documentary film, A Man of Two Worlds, based on Boyd's life and work.[12] During the latter part of Boyd's painting career, his landscape works were based on the Shoalhaven River.[5] At first encounter, Boyd was a little overwhelmed to paint the area; he found the scenery rugged and wild, vastly different from the landscapes he knew. But over the years, painting scenes of the Shoalhaven River and the surrounding bushland, he befriended the formidable landscape. This resulted in a significant series of paintings that are not simply landscapes but rather, a fusion of Boyd's European and Australian backgrounds.[13]

"His Australian scapegoat[14] paintings of the 1980s explored constructions of Australian identity in the lead up to the bicentenary of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1988. With their violent imagery and aggressive colouring they draw on archetypes of Australian military history to suggest the futility of war. In addition to painting, Boyd worked prolifically in ceramics, designed sets for the theatre, and provided illustrations for the poems of Australian poet Peter Porter."[2]

Boyd donated a villa in Tuscany to the Australia Council for an artist-in-residence program in 1982. In 1984, he was commissioned to design a tapestry based on the painting Untitled (Shoalhaven Landscape) for the Great Hall at the new Parliament House in Canberra. The work is one of the world's largest tapestries. Yet Boyd could not find the strength to fight for the retention of the lower rectangle ablated by the building consultants. This tapestry was produced in the Victorian Tapestry Workshop, Melbourne.[15] He also produced sixteen canvasses for the foyer of the Victorian Arts Centre in the same year.

Boyd again represented Australia at the 1988 Venice Biennale with eight major works; and at the 2000 Venice Biennale. Boyd was commissioned to paint Earth and Fire for the cover of the 28 November 1988 Time magazine special issue dealing with environmental conservation in Australia.

Final years

A major retrospective of Boyd's work was exhibited at the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1993.[2][16]

In 1997 for the first time Boyd exhibited together with the six members of his artistic dynasty under one roof; with brothers David and Guy, son Jamie, and nieces Lenore and Tessa Perceval. The exhibition entitled the Best of Boyd comprised 80 paintings and 40 bronze sculptures. The exhibition was held in Galeria Aniela Fine Art Gallery and Sculpture Park, NSW. Documentary reviews were shown on the ABC TV Australian National News, 18 May 1997 and the ABC TV Sunday Afternoon, June 1997.

Boyd died in 1999 at 78 years of age. He was survived by his wife Yvonne, their son Jamie, and daughters Polly and Lucy.

Bundanon Trust

In 1993 the Australian Government accepted the gift of Bundanon, valued at the time at A$20 million. The 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres) property owned by Arthur and Yvonne Boyd was given to the people of Australia. Located approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Nowra, the gift was entrusted to the Bundanon Trust, along with further gifts by Boyd, including copyright of all of his artwork, and several thousand works of art from five generations of Boyds, and other Australian artists. These properties provide an environment that promotes visual arts, writing, music and other performing arts, and the promotion of education and research in the arts.[17]

Directors

Current and past directors and Board members include:

Bundanon Trust artists in residence

Bundanon Trust musicians in residence

Bundanon Trust poets in residence

Technique

Boyd was a master at manipulating elements to express himself. He developed new techniques when he was still a teenager and later changed technique depending on his preferred style, media, location and what he was depicting.

He would often use loose strokes of thickly coated brushes. He applied paint with his fingers and palm because it is quicker, while the body contact directly connected him with the painting. He believed this allowed for a greater sense of freedom and pleasure from the act of painting. --

Honours

Boyd is appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1970 for services to art.[19] On 26 January 1979, Boyd was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for service to the visual arts.[20] In recognition of his service to the visual arts and to the development of Australian artists and crafts people, Boyd was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia on 8 June 1992.[21]

In 1995, the Prime Minister announced Boyd as Australian of the Year for his contribution to Australian art and his generosity to the Australian people.[22]

Australia Post honoured Boyd in 1998 with a series of postage stamps produced with his photo and examples of his work.[23][24]

Notable sales of works
  • 2000: Dreaming Bridegroom I (1957) sold for A$957,000.
  • 2000: Mourning Bride I (1958) sold for A$833,000.
  • 2011: Frightened Bridegroom (1958) sold for A$1.2 million.[25]
  • 2012: Dry Creek Bed, Alice Springs (1953–54) sold for A$1.2 million.[25]
  • 2012: Bride Running Away (1957) sold for A$1.68 million, setting a new record for a Boyd work.[25][26]

Selected works

Boyd's subjects were often mythical, realistic, malformed people and monsters, depicting a tragic drama.[27]

  • Creek near Rosebud, 1937
  • The Seasons, 1944
  • The Lovers, 1944
  • David and Saul, 1946
  • Melbourne Burning, 1946-1947
  • Wimmera Landscape, 1950
  • Merric Boyd, 1952
  • Half Cast Child, 1957
  • Moses leading the People, 1957
  • Lovers with a Bluebird, 1962
  • Figure supporting Back Legs, 1973
  • Riversdale Bushland, 1976
  • Flood receding one Winter Evening, 1981
  • Bathers Pulpit Rock, 1985
gollark: Per-fuel.
gollark: *But* efficient ones do actually have to be designed.
gollark: If you want efficient design it is more thinky.
gollark: It's not as if the HECf reactors run efficiently at all.
gollark: Oh nooooo, how horrible, people are designing high-heat reactors and using them on low-heat stuff...

See also

References
  1. Boyd, Arthur (1947–48). "The expulsion". AGNSW collection record. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  2. "Arthur Boyd". AGNSW collection record. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  3. Yvonne Boyd's mother was born Hartland. Beryl Hartland Reid was her aunt and provided significant social contacts to Arthur and Yvonne upon their arrival in London,1959. Beryl Hartland's obituary was published in The Telegraph 28 June 2006.
  4. Heritage assessment, Boyd house, Rosebud, Mornington Peninsula Shire Council, 2011.
  5. Smith, Sue (1999). "Arthur Boyd (1920-1999): An obituary". Grafico Topico. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  6. "The World in Conflict". Bundanon Trust. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  7. National Library of Australia. Trove entry, Arthur Merric Boyd Pottery.
  8. "Arthur BOYD". Collection search. National Gallery of Australia. 2002. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  9. "Arthur Boyd - Ceramic Sculpture, 'Olympic Pylon'". Heritage Council Victoria. 15 August 2005.
  10. "Arthur Boyd: Testament of a Painter". Australian Screen. 1994.
  11. Boyd, Arthur (1966–68). "Nebuchadnezzar on fire falling over a waterfall". AGNSW collection record. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  12. Arthur Boyd: A Man in Two Worlds on IMDb
  13. "Paintings by Arthur Boyd sold through Savill Galleries". Savill Galleries. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  14. Boyd, Arthur (1987). "Australian scapegoat". AGNSW collection record. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  15. "Great Hall Tapestry". Parliament House Art Collection. Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  16. Boyd, Arthur (1993). "Arthur Boyd retrospective (1993-1994)". AGNSW collection record. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  17. Bundanon Trust welcome |renewed accessdate, 13 March 2015| https://bundanon.com.au
  18. "Founding Bundanon Trust". Bundanon Trust. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  19. "BOYD, Arthur Merric Bloomfield: OBE". It's an Honour. Commonwealth of Australia. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  20. "BOYD, Arthur Merric Bloomfield: AO". It's an Honour. Commonwealth of Australia. 26 January 1979. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  21. "BOYD, Arthur Merric Bloomfield: AC". It's an Honour. Commonwealth of Australia. 8 June 1992. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  22. Lewis, Wendy (2010). Australians of the Year. Pier 9 Press. ISBN 978-1-74196-809-5.
  23. "Arthur Boyd" (Stamp image). Australian Stamp and Coin Company. 1998. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  24. Bowman, Lisa (1998). Australians on Arthur Boyd. Australia Post.
  25. Gardiner, Stephanie (15 August 2012). "Record price for Arthur Boyd painting". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  26. Gannon, Genevieve (14 August 2012). "Boyd painting sells for record $1.68m". Herald Sun. AAP. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  27. Hopwood, Graham (1989). Handbook of Art. Graham Hopwood Publications. p. 128. ISBN 0-9599271-0-7.

Bibliography

Further reading
  • McGrath, Sandra (1982), The artist & the river: Arthur Boyd and the Shoalhaven, Bay Books, ISBN 978-0-85835-570-5
  • Hoff, Ursula (1986), The art of Arthur Boyd, A. Deutsch, ISBN 978-0-233-97824-6
  • Dobrez, Patricia; Herbst, Peter (1990), The art of the Boyds: generations of artistic achievement, Bay Books, ISBN 978-1-86256-426-8
  • McKenzie, Janet (1994), Arthur Boyd at Bundanon, Academy Editions, ISBN 978-1-85490-338-9
  • Arthur Boyd: Testament of a Painter (55 minutes) (Motion picture). Don Bennetts Films Pty Ltd. 1990. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  • McKenzie, Janet (2000), Arthur Boyd: Art and life, Thames and Husdson, ISBN 978-0500092965
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