Anti-Manchuism

Anti-Manchuism (Chinese: 排滿) refers to sentiment which is held against the Manchus, or sentiment which was held against the Qing Dynasty's rule over Chinese civilization which was often resented for supposedly being a barbaric regime which ruled over Chinese civilization despite a high degree of cultural integration by the Manchus. This ethnic-based sentiment tended to be a subset of the greater anti-Qing sentiment. Some of the anti-Manchuists in the Qing dynasty stated "Fan qing fu ming" (simplified Chinese: 反清复明; traditional Chinese: 反清復明) to say they want to rebuild the Ming dynasty and overthrow the Qing dynasty.

Sun Yat Sen, who overthrew the Qing Dynasty and founded the Chinese Republic, proclaimed this when he launched his rebellion against the Qing Dynasty which was led by Manchus and ruled all of China from 1644 to 1911:

In order to restore our national independence, we must first restore the Chinese nation. In order to restore the Chinese nation, we must drive the barbarian Manchus back to the Changbai Mountains. In order to get rid of the barbarians, we must first overthrow the present tyrannical, dictatorial, ugly, and corrupt Qing government. Fellow countrymen, a revolution is the only means to overthrow the Qing government!

In 1911 the Xinhai revolutionaries proclaimed the equality of Han Chinese and Muslims, but they deliberately left the Manchus out in their original proclamation, and as a result, they "can be seen as sanctioning" the massacre of Manchus in Xi'an.[1] The Hui Muslim community was divided in its support for the revolution. The native Hui Muslims of Gansu province led by Ma Anliang and Ma Qi proceeded to ignore the proclamation, and continued to fight for the Qing against the revolutionaries. Only some wealthy Manchus who were ransomed and Manchu females survived. Wealthy Han Chinese seized Manchu girls to become their slaves[2] and poor Han Chinese troops seized young Manchu women to be their wives.[3]

References

Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001). Manchus & Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928. University of Washington Press. p. 191. ISBN 0295980400. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 192. ISBN 0295980400.
Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 193. ISBN 0295980400.

External links

Gasster, Michael (1998). "Anti-Manchuism." In Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism, edited by Ke-Wen Wang, pp. 11–13. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0815307209.

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[1] Edward J. M. Rhoads (2001). Manchus & Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928. University of Washington Press. p. 191. ISBN 0295980400. Retrieved 2010-06-28.

[2] Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 192. ISBN 0295980400.

[3] Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000). Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Washington Press. p. 193. ISBN 0295980400.

Anti-Manchuism

See also

References

Further reading

External links