Alexander Lawton

Alexander Robert Lawton (November 4, 1818 – July 2, 1896) was a lawyer, politician, diplomat, and brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

Alexander Robert Lawton
Born	(1818-11-04)November 4, 1818 Beaufort County, South Carolina
Died	July 2, 1896(1896-07-02) (aged 77) Clifton Springs, New York
Allegiance	United States of America Confederate States of America
Service/branch	United States Army  Confederate States Army
Years of service	1839–1841 (USA) 1861–1865 (CSA)
Rank	Second Lieutenant (USA) Brigadier General (CSA)
Commands held	Quartermaster-General of the CSA
Battles/wars	American Civil War Jackson's Valley Campaign Seven Days' Battles Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam

Early life

Lawton was born in the Beaufort District of South Carolina. He was the son of Alexander James Lawton and Martha Mosse. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1839, placing 13th out of 31 in his class. He served as a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Artillery until resigning his commission in 1840 to study law. He attended the Harvard Law School, graduating in 1842. He settled in Savannah, Georgia, and entered the fields of law, railroad administration and state politics.[1]

Civil War

Lawton favored Georgia's secession and became colonel of the 1st Georgia Volunteers. He commanded the Savannah troops that seized Fort Pulaski, the first conflict of the war in Georgia. He was commissioned a brigadier general in the Confederate Army on April 13, 1861, and commanded the forces guarding Georgia's seacoast before being reassigned to Virginia. He led his brigade effectively during Stonewall Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign, the Seven Days Battles, and the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas). His last field service was at the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), where he commanded the division of the wounded Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell. Lawton was seriously wounded early in the morning of September 17, 1862, while defending his portion of the Army of Northern Virginia's line. Initially carried from the field to a temporary hospital, he spent months at home recuperating.

In August 1863, Lawton became the Confederacy's second Quartermaster-General. Although he brought energy and resourcefulness to the position, he was unable to solve the problem of material shortages and poorly regulated railroads.

Postbellum career

In the years after the Civil War, Lawton became increasingly important as a political figure in Georgia, serving in various administrative posts. He lost the 1880 election for the U.S. Senate in an election which seemed to represent a victory of the "New South" over the "Old South." He was chosen President of the American Bar Association in 1882. Five years later, he was appointed Minister to Austria-Hungary and left that post in 1889.[2] Lawton died in Clifton Springs, New York.[1]

See also

• List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
• Battle of Fort Pulaski, Background, "Department of Georgia".

Notes

1. "OBITUARY RECORD. Gen. A. R. Lawton". The New York Times. 1896-07-03. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
2. "Former U.S. Ambassadors To Austria". U.S. Embassy Vienna. 2009. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-01.

References

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
• Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.
• Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson and John Fiske. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889.

External links

• "Photo Gallery of Lawton". Archived from the original on 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2006-05-10.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Anthony M. Keiley	U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary 1887–1889	Succeeded by Frederick D. Grant