Albuca

Albuca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae.[2] The genus is distributed mainly in southern and eastern Africa, with some species occurring in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.[3] Plants of the genus are known commonly as slime lilies.[4]

Albuca
Albuca shawii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Scilloideae
Genus: Albuca
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Albugoides Medik.
  • Ardernia Salisb.
  • Battandiera Maire
  • Branciona Salisb.
  • Coilonox Raf.
  • Ethesia Raf.
  • Falconera Salisb.
  • Igidia Speta
  • Monotassa Salisb.
  • Nemaulax Raf.
  • Osmyne Salisb.
  • Pallastema Salisb.
  • Stellarioides Medik.
  • Taeniola Salisb.
  • Trimelopter Raf.
  • Urophyllon Salisb.

Description

These are perennial herbs growing from bulbs. The stem is sheathed in leaves with linear to strap-shaped blades.[5] They can be 8 centimeters to well over one meter long and are flat or keeled. They are generally fleshy and sappy with a mucilaginous juice that inspired the common name "slime lilies".[6] The flowers of some species are scented, especially at night. They are borne in racemes, usually slender, but flat-topped in some species. The flowers may be on stiff, or slender, nodding stalks,[6] held erect or drooping. The six tepals are white to yellow and each has a green or brown stripe down the center. The outer three tepals spread open, while the inner three are connivent, curving inward so that the tips meet.[5] There are six stamens, which have wings at the bases that wrap around the ovary at the center of the flower. Some species have six fertile stamens, and in others the outer stamens are staminodes which do not produce pollen.[4] The fruit is a rounded or oval three-lobed capsule containing shiny black seeds.[5]

The three inner tepals can be closed firmly, raising the question of how pollinators might reach the stigma inside to deposit pollen.[4] In a study of the interaction between pollinators and Albuca flowers, leafcutter bees were observed prying open the tepals and squeezing through to obtain the nectar inside. In the process, they left pollen on the tips of the tepals, where it absorbed fluid, germinated, and fertilized ovules. This was the first known case of flower petals performing the function of the stigma.[4]

Systematics

The genus is circumscribed in two ways. The traditional genus Albuca is a monophyletic group of about 60 known species,[7] and possibly about 100 in total.[8] Other authorities have considered Albuca in a wider sense, including such genera as Stellarioides, Coilonox, Trimelopter, and Battandiera, for a total of 110 to 180 very heterogeneous species.[3] All of these genera, including Albuca, have also been lumped together in Ornithogalum at times, but molecular phylogenetics studies support their separation.[8]

Species

The genus, defined broadly, contains about 160 accepted species, according to the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as of May 2018.[1]

  • Albuca abyssinica Jacq. – Tropical & S. Africa, S.W. Arabian Peninsula
  • Albuca acuminata Baker – Namibia to W. Cape Province
  • Albuca adlami Baker – Northern Province ?
  • Albuca albucoides (Aiton) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca amboensis (Schinz) Oberm. – Namibia to Botswana
  • Albuca amoena (Batt.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – N.W. Sahara
  • Albuca anisocrispa Mart.-Azorín & M.B.Crespo – E. Cape Province
  • Albuca annulata Mart.-Azorín & M.B.Crespo – Eastern Cape Province
  • Albuca arenosa J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca aurea Jacq. – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca autumnula (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca bakeri Mart.-Azorín & M.B.Crespo – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca barbata (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca batteniana Hilliard & B.L.Burtt – S. Cape Province – wild coast albuca[9]
  • Albuca bifolia Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca bifoliata R.A.Dyer – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca boucheri U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca bracteata (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – E. Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal
  • Albuca bruce-bayeri U.Müll.-Doblies – Cape Province
  • Albuca buchananii Baker – S. Tropical Africa
  • Albuca canadensis (L.) F.M.Leight. – Cape Province
  • Albuca candida (Oberm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca caudata Jacq. – S.E. Cape Province
  • Albuca chartacea (Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & A.P.Dold) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Eastern Cape Province
  • Albuca chlorantha Welw. ex Baker – Angola
  • Albuca ciliaris U.Müll.-Doblies – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca clanwilliamae-gloria U.Müll.-Doblies – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca collina Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca comosa (Welw. ex Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Angola
  • Albuca concordiana Baker – Namibia to Cape Province
  • Albuca consanguinea (Kunth) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca cooperi Baker – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca corymbosa Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca costatula (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca craibii (Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & A.P.Dold) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – North-West Province
  • Albuca cremnophila van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca crinifolia Baker – KwaZulu-Natal
  • Albuca crispa J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S. Cape Province to Free state
  • Albuca crudenii Archibald – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca dalyae Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca darlingana U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca deaconii van Jaarsv. – KwaZulu-Natal
  • Albuca decipiens U.Müll.-Doblies – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca deserticola J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca dilucula (Oberm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca dinteri U.Müll.-Doblies – Namibia
  • Albuca donaldsonii Rendle – Ethiopia to Tanzania
  • Albuca dyeri (Poelln.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca echinosperma U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca engleriana K.Krause & Dinter – Namibia
  • Albuca etesiogaripensis U.Müll.-Doblies – Namibia to N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca fastigiata Dryand. – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca fibrotunicata Gledhill & Oyewole – Niger to Cameroon
  • Albuca flaccida Jacq. – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca foetida U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca fragrans Jacq. – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca gageoides K.Krause – Namibia
  • Albuca galeata Welw. ex Baker – Angola
  • Albuca gariepensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – N. Cape Province
  • Albuca gentilii De Wild. – Zaïre
  • Albuca gethylloides (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca gildenhuysii (van Jaarsv.) van Jaarsv. - N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca glandulifera J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca glandulosa Baker – Cape Province
  • Albuca glauca Baker – Northern Province
  • Albuca glaucifolia (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca goswinii U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca grandis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Western Cape Province
  • Albuca hallii U.Müll.-Doblies – Namibia to W. Cape Province
  • Albuca hereroensis Schinz – Namibia
  • Albuca hesquaspoortensis U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca homblei De Wild. – Zaïre
  • Albuca humilis Baker – Free State to KwaZulu-Natal
  • Albuca juncifolia Baker – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca karachabpoortensis (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca karasbergensis Glover – Namibia
  • Albuca karooica U.Müll.-Doblies – Namibia to Cape Province
  • Albuca katangensis De Wild. – S. Zaïre
  • Albuca kirkii (Baker) Brenan – Kenya to S. Tropical Africa
  • Albuca kirstenii (J.C.Manning & Goldblatt) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca knersvlaktensis (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca kundelungensis De Wild. – Zaïre
  • Albuca lebaensis (van Jaarsv.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Angola
  • Albuca leucantha U.Müll.-Doblies – N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca longifolia Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca longipes Baker – Cape Province
  • Albuca macowanii Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca malangensis Baker – Angola
  • Albuca massonii Baker – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca monarchos (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca monophylla Baker – Angola to Namibia
  • Albuca myogaloides Welw. ex Baker – Angola
  • Albuca namaquensis Baker – Namibia to Cape Province
  • Albuca nana Schönland – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca nathoana (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca navicula U.Müll.-Doblies – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca nelsonii N.E.Br. – E. Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal – Nelson's slime lily[10]
  • Albuca nigritana (Baker) Troupin – W. Tropical Africa to Rwanda
  • Albuca obtusa J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca osmynella (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca ovata (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca papyracea J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca paradoxa Dinter – Namibia to W. Cape Province
  • Albuca paucifolia (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca pearsonii (F.M.Leight.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca pendula B.Mathew – S.W. Saudi Arabia
  • Albuca pendulina (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca pentheri (Zahlbr.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca polyodontula (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca polyphylla Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca prasina (Ker Gawl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S. Africa
  • Albuca prolifera J.H.Wilson – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca psammophora (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca pseudobifolia Mart.-Azorín & M.B.Crespo – Eastern Cape Province
  • Albuca pulchra (Schinz) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Angola to Botswana
  • Albuca rautanenii (Schinz) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca recurva (Oberm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca riebeekkasteelberganula U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca robertsoniana U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca rogersii Schönland – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca roodeae (E.Phillips) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca rupestris Hilliard & B.L.Burtt – KwaZulu-Natal
  • Albuca sabulosa (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca scabrocostata (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca scabromarginata De Wild. – Zaïre
  • Albuca schinzii Baker – Namibia
  • Albuca schlechteri Baker – Northern Cape Province
  • Albuca schoenlandii Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca secunda (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca seineri (Engl. & K.Krause) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – S. Africa
  • Albuca semipedalis Baker – Cape Province
  • Albuca setosa Jacq. – Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal
  • Albuca shawii Baker – S. Africa
  • Albuca somersetianum – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca spiralis L.f. – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca stapffii (Schinz) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca steudneri Schweinf. & Engl. – E. Sudan
  • Albuca strigosula (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca stuetzeliana (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca suaveolens (Jacq.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to Cape Province
  • Albuca subglandulosa (U.Müll.-Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca subspicata Baker – Angola
  • Albuca sudanica A.Chev. – W. Tropical Africa to Sahara and W. Sudan
  • Albuca tenuifolia Baker – S. Cape Province
  • Albuca tenuis Knudtzon – Central Ethiopia to Kenya
  • Albuca thermarum van Jaarsv. – Cape Province
  • Albuca tortuosa Baker – E. Cape Province
  • Albuca toxicaria (C.Archer & R.H.Archer) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to Cape Province
  • Albuca trachyphylla U.Müll.-Doblies – N.W. Cape Province
  • Albuca tubiformis (Oberm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia
  • Albuca unifolia (Retz.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Namibia to Free State
  • Albuca unifoliata G.D.Rowley – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca variegata De Wild. – Zaïre
  • Albuca villosa U.Müll.-Doblies – S.W. Namibia to W. Cape Province
  • Albuca virens (Lindl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Eritrea to S. Africa
  • Albuca viscosa L.f. – Namibia to W. Cape Province
  • Albuca vittata Ker Gawl. – Cape Province
  • Albuca volubilis (H.Perrier) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – W. Madagascar
  • Albuca watermeyeri (L.Bolus) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt – Cape Province
  • Albuca weberlingiorum U.Müll.-Doblies – Cape Province
  • Albuca xanthocodon Hilliard & B.L.Burtt – Mpumalanga to S.E. Cape Province
  • Albuca yerburyi Ridl. – Yemen
  • Albuca zebrina Baker – W. Cape Province
  • Albuca zenkeri Engl. – Cameroon

Cultivation

The most popular species is Albuca nelsonii, which is evergreen and not frost-hardy. Such species are best suited to temperate areas, but can be grown in a conservatory or greenhouse, or in a sheltered position if light frosts might occur. However, some other species from alpine or Karoo-like areas are fairly frost-resistant and may be deciduous, and accordingly can stand a good deal of frost once established. Some in fact are winter-flowering.[11] As a rule they do well in full sun in light, free-draining soil. Propagate from offsets or seed.

gollark: And then, to be extra evil, make brimstones twice as rare as the mints would be.
gollark: "H: 2G Prize W: CB Mint"
gollark: Or at least swap their rarities.
gollark: Bad Idea #125912057912: swap mints and golds.
gollark: There's a possibility that my copper egg may hatch into a chicken, you know. Give me all your CB golds for it.

References
  1. "Search for Albuca", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2015-08-20
  2. Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Scilloideae
  3. Martínez-Azorín, M.; Crespo, M.B.; Dold, A.P. & Barker, N.P. (2011), "The identity of Albuca caudata Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of a new related species: A. bakeri", PhytoKeys, 5: 5–19, doi:10.3897/phytokeys.5.1166, PMC 3174447, PMID 22171189
  4. Johnson, S.D.; Jürgens, A. & Kuhlmann, M. (2012), "Pollination function transferred: modified tepals of Albuca (Hyacinthaceae) serve as secondary stigmas", Annals of Botany, 110 (3): 565–572, doi:10.1093/aob/mcs114, PMC 3400444, PMID 22652419
  5. "Albuca", Flora of Zimbabwe, retrieved 2013-10-11
  6. Manning, J. (2008), Field Guide to Fynbos, Cape Town: Struik Publishers, ISBN 978-1-77007-265-7
  7. Martínez-Azorín, M.; Crespo, M.B.; Dold, A.P. & Barker, N.P. (2011), "Albuca annulata sp. nov. (Hyacinthaceae) from the Albany Centre of Endemism, South Africa" (PDF), Nordic Journal of Botany, 29: 696–699, doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01178.x, retrieved 2013-11-10
  8. Martínez-Azorín, M.; Crespo, M.B.; Juan, A. & Fay, M.F. (2011), "Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on nuclear and plastid DNA regions, including a new taxonomic arrangement", Ann. Bot., 107 (1): 1–37, doi:10.1093/aob/mcq207, PMC 3002468, PMID 21163815
  9. Albuca batteniana, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), retrieved 2013-11-10
  10. Albuca nelsonii, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), retrieved 2013-11-10
  11. Powrie, Fiona (1998), Grow South African Plants : A Gardeners' Companion to Indigenous Plants, Claremont: National Botanical Institute, ISBN 978-1-919684-15-4
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