Albert Jennings Fountain

Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain (October 23, 1838 – disappeared February 1, 1896) was an attorney who served in the Texas Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives. Following a purge of corruption among cattle rustlers that Fountain investigated and prosecuted, he and his eight-year-old son Henry disappeared near White Sands, New Mexico. Their bloodstained wagon and other evidence of an ambush were recovered, but the bodies were never discovered. Suspicion centered on two rival landowners, Oliver M. Lee and Albert B. Fall. Lee and two employees were tried for the murder of Henry Fountain, but acquitted after a defense by Fall. No charges were ever filed for the death of Albert Fountain.

Albert Jennings Fountain
14th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
In office 1871–1873
Governor	Edmund J. Davis
Preceded by	David W. Flanagan
Succeeded by	Edward B. Pickett
President pro tempore of the Texas Senate
In office 1871
Preceded by	David Webster Flanagan
Succeeded by	David Webster Flanagan
Member of the Texas Senate from the 30th district
In office 1870–1874
Preceded by	William B. Knox
Succeeded by	William H. Russell
Personal details
Born	(1838-10-23)October 23, 1838 Staten Island, New York, US
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Mariana Perez
Profession	Journalist, politician, attorney, prosecutor
Military service
Branch/service	Union Army (California Column) 1st Regiment New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry
Years of service	1861–1864 1864–1865
Rank	2nd lieutenant (Union) Brevet captain (Volunteers)
Battles/wars	American Civil War American Indian Wars
Disappeared	February 1, 1896 (aged 57) Doña Ana County, New Mexico Territory, US
Status	Body not found

Biography

Fountain was born on Staten Island, New York, on October 23, 1838, to Solomon Jennings and his wife Catherine de la Fontaine. He went to California as a young man and began calling himself by an Anglicised version of his mother's family name. (Accounts differ as to why he did so.) He studied law in California, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. Working as a reporter for The Sacramento Union, Fountain travelled to Nicaragua in 1860 to cover the filibustering (colonizing) expedition of William Walker. Angering Walker by his reports, Fountain was arrested and sentenced to be shot. However, he escaped and returned to California.[1]

In August 1861, during the American Civil War, Fountain enlisted in the Company E of the 1st California Infantry Regiment of the Union Army and was elected first sergeant of his company. He took part in the 1862 Union recapture of the New Mexico Territory as a member of the California Column. In October 1862, he married Mariana Pérez of Mesilla. They would become the parents of four sons and two daughters. Later commissioned a second lieutenant, he was discharged on August 31, 1864. Fountain almost immediately joined the New Mexico volunteers because of the ongoing Indian wars. In June 1865, he was seriously wounded while pursuing hostile Apaches. He spent a night trapped under his dead horse, with a bullet in his thigh, an arrow in his forearm, and another arrow in his shoulder. On his recovery, he was discharged as a brevet captain.[1]

Fountain settled in El Paso, Texas, working for the United States Property Commission, which investigated and disposed of former Confederate property. He was then made the customs collector for the El Paso region. He was next appointed an election judge, and finally became the assessor and collector of internal revenue for the Western District of Texas.

In November 1869, Fountain won a seat as a Republican in the Texas Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Texas Legislatures. He was elected as president pro tempore during the second session of the Twelfth Legislature and served as Lieutenant Governor ex officio at the same time, as the office was vacant. His most notable accomplishment was pushing through the bill that re-established the Texas Rangers, which had been abolished after the Civil War.[1]

Fountain's Radical Republican views angered Texas Democrats, and he was challenged to several duels, killing at least one man, Frank Williams.

In 1873, Fountain moved from El Paso to Mesilla with his wife Mariana Pérez Fountain and their five children. He became a lawyer there, using his fluent Spanish to good advantage in jury trials. He was appointed assistant district attorney and also served as probate judge and a deputy court clerk. In 1877, he founded a newspaper, the Mesilla Valley Independent, which was issued in both English and Spanish.[1] He also founded the Mesilla Dramatic Society and the Mesilla Valley Opera House, now The Fountain Theater, both originally operated by his family.

Fountain practiced law in Mesilla and his most famous client was Billy the Kid.[1] Fountain lost the 1881 case, and Billy the Kid was convicted of murder despite the evidence, though he escaped from jail. In 1888, Fountain was elected to the New Mexico Territorial Legislature, defeating his enemy Albert Bacon Fall. At the time of Fountain's disappearance, he was investigating and prosecuting suspected cattle rustlers, specifically Oliver M. Lee, and he again found himself at odds with Fall, who was Lee's attorney.

Disappearance and probable murder

On February 1, 1896, Fountain and his eight-year-old son Henry disappeared near White Sands on the way to their home in Mesilla. They were returning from Lincoln, New Mexico, where Fountain had been assisting the prosecution in bringing charges against Oliver M. Lee and William McNew.[1] All that was found at the site of the disappearance were Fountain's buckboard wagon, several empty cartridge cases, his cravat and papers, and two pools of blood. The only sign of Henry Fountain was a blood-soaked handkerchief with two powder-blackened coins, the handkerchief still carefully knotted in one corner. Missing were the victims' bodies, a blanket, a quilt, and Fountain's Winchester rifle.[2]

Some speculated that outlaw "Black Jack" Ketchum and his gang were involved. Most, however, were convinced the disappearances could be attributed to Lee, a noted rancher, land developer, and a part-time Deputy U.S. Marshal. Lee's employees Jim Gililland and William McNew were also suspected of involvement. Lee and Gililland were pursued by lawman Pat Garrett and a posse, who engaged them in a gunfight near Alamogordo. However, after Deputy Sheriff Kent Kearney[3] was mortally wounded July 12, 1898, Garrett and his posse withdrew. Lee and Gililland would later negotiate their surrender to others.[4] They were defended by Albert Bacon Fall, who years later would become the first United States presidential cabinet member convicted of a felony and sentenced to prison during the Teapot Dome Scandal. The accused were acquitted due to a lack of evidence.

Fountain was a powerful rival to land owners Fall and Lee. Fall was also known to hate Fountain as a political rival, just as Fountain hated Fall. Fall's association with Lee began when he had defended Lee in a criminal case. Fountain had repeatedly challenged Fall and his men in the courts and the political arena.

As the bodies of Fountain and his son were never found, the prosecution was greatly hampered. No one was ever charged with the murder of Albert Fountain. Lee and his employees, McNew and Gililland, were tried for the murder of Henry Fountain. Charges also were never filed for the death of Deputy Sheriff Kearney. The charges against McNew were dismissed, while Lee and Gililland were both acquitted.[5]

Memorials to both Albert Jennings Fountain and his son are in the Masonic Cemetery in Las Cruces, though their actual burial site remains a mystery.

The Fountain family in Las Cruces

The Fountain family ran the Mesilla Valley Opera House and built the Fountain Theatre in Old Mesilla near Las Cruces, New Mexico. The theater was rebuilt in 1905 for stage plays and musical concerts, and is the oldest motion picture theater in New Mexico. The Fountain Theatre is currently operated by the Mesilla Valley Film Society. The interior decoration includes murals of Albert Jennings Fountain painted by his son Albert, Jr.[6]

In popular media

Fountain's disappearance was dramatized in the 2013 film Among the Dust of Thieves.

A fictionalized version of the events surrounding Fountain's disappearance is depicted in the novel Hard Country by Michael McGarrity.

Fountain's disappearance and death are discussed by John Grady Cole and Mac in the 1998 novel “Cities of the Plain (novel)” by Cormac McCarthy, the third and final volume in the “Border Trilogy”.

See also

• List of people who disappeared
• San Elizario Salt War
• Texas Senate
• Thirteenth Texas Legislature
• Thomas B. Catron
• Twelfth Texas Legislature

Notes

1. Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain Timeline, a promotional page for: Recko, Corey. (2007) Murder on the White Sands, University of North Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-57441-224-6
2. Ollie Reed, Jr. of the Albuquerque Tribune in an article on May 25, 2001 refers to the fact that in 1900, charred bones were found in an unmarked grave in the Sacramento Mountains. (For the 1900 report of a grave of burned remains of a man and boy in a canyon see Albuquerque daily citizen., October 20, 1900, Image 2.) The killings may have been carried out by outlaw Tom "Black Jack" Ketchum. Reed quotes Tribune reporter Howard Bryan as saying if Ketchum did the killings, he did it for hire, but does not say who may have hired him. Mr. Reed's source for the Ketchum connection is Bryan and Bryan's book True Tales of the American Southwest 1998, Clear Light Publishers. Mr. Bryan mentions the bones in an April 22, 1965, Albuquerque Tribune column in which he writes about A.M. Gibson's book The Life and Death of Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain. 1965 University of Oklahoma Press
3. Deputy Sheriff Kent Kearney, Officer Down Memorial Page
4. Gardner, Mark Lee. To Hell on a Fast Horse, pp. 197–204
5. Murders Most Foul, DesertUSA.com
6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

References

• Gibson, A. M., The Life and Death of Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965)
• Owen, Gordon, The Two Alberts: Fountain and Fall, (Las Cruces: Yucca Tree Press, 1996)
• Recko, Corey, Murder on the White Sands: The Disappearance of Albert and Henry Fountain, (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2007)
• Sonnichsen, C. L., Tularosa: The Last of the Frontier West, (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1960)
• 1880–1910 United States Federal Census
• Gardner, Mark Lee: To Hell on a Fast Horse: Billy the Kid, Pat Garrett and the Epic Chase to Justice in the Old West. New York: William Morrow, 2009. ISBN 978-0-06-136827-1

External links

• Albert Jennings Fountain from the Handbook of Texas Online
• "Albert Jennings Fountain". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
• Borderlands
• "The Fountain Murders: Sites Today"

Texas Senate
Preceded by William B. Knox	Texas State Senator from District 30 (El Paso) 1870–1874	Succeeded by William H. Russell
Political offices
Preceded by David Webster Flanagan	President pro tempore of the Texas Senate 1871	Succeeded by David Webster Flanagan
Preceded by David W. Flanagan	Lieutenant Governor of Texas 1871–1873	Succeeded by Edward B. Pickett