Agora (organization)

Agora (in full, Inter-regional Association of Human Rights Organizations "Agora", Russian Межрегиональная Ассоциация правозащитных организаций "АГОРА") is a Russian human rights group based in Kazan, Tartarstan. It provides legal advocacy for victims of suspected human rights abuses by government officials such as police, military and prison officers, with a particular focus on journalists, political activists, bloggers and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The organization was awarded the Rafto Prize for its work on 25 September 2014.[1]

For other uses, see Agora (disambiguation).

Interregional Association of Human Rights Organizations "Agora"
Founded28 April 2005 (2005-04-28)
FounderPavel Chikov
TypeNon-profit
FocusHuman rights
Location
OriginsKazan Human Rights Center, Chita Human Rights Center, Chuvashia Human Rights Organization "Shield and Sword"
Area served
Russia
ServicesLegal advocacy
Key people
Pavel Chikov, Irina Khrunova, Ramil Akhmetgaliev
Employees
About 30 lawyers
Websiteopeninform.ru

Origin

Agora was established in Kazan on 28 April 2005 by a group of lawyers who specialize in high-profile cases of alleged abuse of state power. The organization was a union of a number of groups, including the Kazan Human Rights Center, the Chita Human Rights Center and the Chuvashia human rights organization "Shield and Sword". The organization was registered on 12 September 2005.

Key personnel
  • Chair - Pavel Chikov, Associate Professor of Law
  • Vice Chair - Guzel Davletshina
  • Legal Analyst - Irina Khrunova
  • Legal Analyst - Ramil Akhmetgaliyev
  • Head of Information - Dmitry Kolbasin

Activities

Their main area of work is the defence of Russian citizens from unlawful actions by state officials. Their clients include political activists, journalists, bloggers, and non-governmental organizations.

Current cases

Agora's current cases include:

Successful defences

Their successful defences include:

  • Lyudmila Kuzmina, head of the Samara branch of GOLOS election monitoring organization, harassed by authorities and prosecuted for unlicensed computer software[6]
  • Lyudmila Kotova, editor of Samara newspaper VolgaInform
  • Vera Dementieva, director of the Tambov Center for the Physical, Legal and Spiritual Development of Children and Adolescents
  • Nina Maksimova, head of the Mari El organization Mari Ushem [7]
  • Mikhail Afanasyev, editor of the internet magazine New Focus[8]
  • Natalya Petrova, Kazan journalist and her parents
  • Andrei Kutuzov and Rustam Fakhretdinov, Tyumen Anarchists
  • Andrei Petrov, Izhevsk anti-fascist activist
  • Vitaly Cherkasov, head of the Trans-Baikal Human Rights Center
  • Dmitry Solovyov, blogger
  • Sergey Kurt-Adzhiyev, editor of Novaya Gazeta in Samara
  • Vladimir Pribylovsky, author of the website anticomprommat.ru
  • Anastasia Denisova, head of the Krasnodar human rights organization "ETNIKA"
  • Lidiya Rybina, head of the Tambov Human Rights Center
  • Tatsiana Rutkevich, chief accountant of the commissioner for human rights in Tartarstan
  • Aleksei Gaskarov, anti-fascist journalist from the Institute of Collective Action, for attacks on the Khimki administration
  • Vladimir Yefimov, editor of Vechernyaya Tyumen
  • Maksim Yefimov; Agora successfully challenged the court-ordered committal to a psychiatric hospital for a blog post critical of the Russian Orthodox Church;[9] in October 2012 granted political asylum in Estonia[10]
  • Yekaterina Samutsevich of Pussy Riot; Agora achieved a high-profile success on 10 October 2012 when Irina Khrunova secured Samutsevich's release on probation.[11]

Groups represented

Successful prosecutions
  • attackers of Vadim Karastelyov in Novorossiysk
  • attackers of Alexei Suslikov in Saratov
  • Denis Fedorov, a Cheboksary human rights activist; police search found to be illegal
  • Rustem Valiullin, an Izhevsk lawyer; compensation for moral damages following illegal police search
  • Nasimi Nazarov, an army officer, convicted of selling a soldier into slavery in one of the first cases of its kind in Russia[13]
  • 10 students from the elite Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School (NVVKU), convicted in connection to the death of 17-year-old student Radmir Sagitov. Head of NVVKU dismissed, family of deceased paid 3.5 million rubles compensation
  • Vladimir Zhidkov, head of the Federal Penitentiary Service in Chelyabinsk and 17 subordinates; convicted in connection with the murder of prisoners in Kopeysk colony No. 1

Official reactions

AGORA, in conjunction with the Ministry of Economic Development (Russia) and the Higher School of Economics is working on legislative initiatives to improve the situation of Russian NGOs. They also participate in hearings of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and prepare manuals for Rospotrebnadzor.

On 4 June 2009 the Ministry of Justice included AGORA on the list of independent legal experts mandated to oversee the drafting of anti-corruption legislation.

Vladimir Lukin, the Russian Commissioner for Human Rights, also referred to as the Ombudsman, has spoken positively about Agora's work on more than one occasion. In the 2011 report of the Commissioner for Human Rights, he wrote:[14]

"In January 2012, the Interregional Association of Human Rights Organizations 'Agora', which is unnoticed in apologetics of government officials, published a review of, in its view, good judicial decisions during the reporting year. The human rights activists concluded that our courts have, in fact, shown a willingness to fundamentally assess hate crimes committed on nationalistic grounds, are gradually learning to distinguish between neo-Nazis and anti-fascists, and are refusing to recognize the highly questionable claims of law enforcement and government officials to be treated as 'social groups'."

Lukin also referred to Agora's work during a meeting with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 28 February 2012:[15]

Medvedev: If they are filing fewer complaints, it is the first sign that the situation is more or less normal.

Lukin: This is the first sign that the situation is getting better. Granted, I am not the best messenger, because I work with complaints rather than complements, so I pay less attention to that aspect. But there is a whole set of positive factors. For example, AGORA organisation [Interregional Association of Human Rights Organisations] which may not be suspected of any warm attitudes toward the authorities, notes some very positive changes in certain court cases. On the one hand, people file complaints about judges and continue to complain, but on the other hand, there are elements that garner respect. For example, the courts have begun to take more adequate measures when dealing with aggressive nationalists, Nazis and some other destructive social elements.

Opinions on Agora

Chief Editor of Novaya Gazeta Dmitry Muratov in the program Minority Report on Echo of Moscow, 20 July 2009:[16]

"I can tell you that 'Agora' and the Kazan Human Rights Center are committed to protecting Russian citizens from abuses by law enforcement. They were involved in cases of torture by the police, they're working on developing ways people can protect themselves from injustices on the part of the authorities. According to the Kazan Human Rights Center, several criminal cases was brought against the police officers who abused people. 'Agora' is currently representing, in part, the interests of the victims of Major (Denis) Yevsyukov, who, as you know, shot 9 people."

Publications

In 2008, Agora and the Resource Advocacy Center presented the book NGOs: a decade of survival.[17] It contains an analysis of existing law and judicial practice concerning the registration and control of NGOs. The study is based on more than 250 cases of judicial decisions on the liquidation and termination of the activities of NGOs.

In 2010 Agora and Novaya Gazeta published the book "Militsiya of disintegration era".

In 2012, they published the book "Methods of Conducting Public Events".[18]

Research

In 2011 Agora reported 850 cases of harassment of activists, journalists and NGOs from 60 regions of the country. In 2010 they reported 603 cases from 50 regions; in 2009, 308 cases; in 2008, 144 cases; in 2007, 212 cases; in 2006, 118 cases.[19]

In 2011, reporting on actions against bloggers and journalists, they noted 11 attacks, 173 cases of administrative pressure, 38 prosecutions and 231 cases of restrictions on access to websites. They also noted 31 cyber-attacks, 11 civil penalties against bloggers and 5 proposals on regulation of the Internet from politicians and officials.[20][21]

Criticism

According to an article published on 20 December 2011 by Arina Morokova of the New Region news agency, Agora receives funding from U.S. based agencies hostile to Russia, including the National Endowment for Democracy, the MacArthur Foundation, and the George Soros funded Open Society Foundations. The article also alleges that Agora, through its activities in support of HIV-positive Russians, lobbied for the introduction of methadone replacement therapy, which is currently illegal and widely opposed in Russia. In addition, "Agora" was accused of law violations allegedly identified by the Office of Tax Crimes of the Tatarstan Interior Ministry, in particular:

  • failure to pay tax on income from donations
  • participating in the laundering of the proceeds of crime and financing terrorism
  • buying property in central Kazan by unknown means[22]

Agora responded to the allegations on the same day[23] saying:

  • In July 2011, all claims of the tax service were rejected by the Supreme Arbitration Court of Russia.[24]
  • A 2009 investigation by Novaya Gazeta found no evidence of financial fraud or financing of terrorism.[25]
  • The Agora Association owns no property, and the building where the Agora lawyers work belongs to the Kazan Human Rights Center, which in 2008 was awarded a grant by the prestigious McArthur Foundation specifically for its purchase.[26]
  • Agora does not lobby for methadone replacement therapy.[27]

In December 2011, officials from the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia (FSKN) in Moscow, in conjunction with State Duma representative Igor Arkhipov found Agora to be in compliance with existing drug control legislation. In response to a query by police Lieutenant General V. K. Davydov, FSKN head Vladimir Rosinski said "Our investigation shows that the Inter-regional Association of Human Rights Organizations "Agora" does not engage in propaganda in support of drug legalization and the introduction of replacement therapy (methadone)".[28]

Meanwhile, the editor in chief of the New Region news agency Yuliya Shatova apologized the next day, saying:

"I offer you my apologies for yesterday's publication. We are currently engaged in formal processes with the journalist who wrote this material. Once again please excuse any false statements. Obviously, there has been a breach of trust.[29]

Subsequently New Day published a rebuttal to Arina Morokova's article.[27]

Targeting

Agora was one of the first organizations in Russia to be classified as a "foreign agent" based on the Russian foreign agent law, on the grounds that it conducts political activity and receives foreign funding. As a response, Agora canceled its sources of foreign money and appealed to be removed from the list, without success.[30]

On 10 February 2016, the Tatarstan Supreme Court formally ordered the liquidation of Agora.[31] It acted on a finding by Russia’s Justice Ministry that Agora had engaged in "political activity," since it was attempting to "influence public opinion" through its work.[32][33]

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gollark: My experiments are today in about five hours; I'll post the codes/times when I get home.
gollark: I mean, autorefresher extensions are allowed, right?
gollark: Binary search or whatever.
gollark: With one refresh an hour I think you can narrow the time of death down to within a few seconds with... I don't know, quite a few... refreshes.

References
  1. "The 2014 Rafto Prize to the Russian human rights organisation Agora by chair Pavel Chikov". Rafto.no. 25 September 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  2. "Якеднбюрекх Ямнбю Гюйпшбючр Декн Опнрхб Юйрхбхярнб "Бнимш", Опнйспюрспю Онйю Ме Србепдхкю Пеьемхе - Цюгерю.Ru | Мнбнярэ". Gazeta.ru. 27 April 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  3. "ВЕДОМОСТИ - Суд взыскал с Гельмана компенсацию в 100 000 руб. в пользу Якеменко". Vedomosti.ru. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  4. Вячеслав Козлов. "Майор дал задний ход | Страна | Московские новости". Mn.ru. Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  5. "Мювюкяъ Ясд Он Набхмемхч Усднфмхйю Юпрелю Княйсрнбю Б Няйнпакемхх Янрпсдмхйнб Лхкхжхх - Цюгерю.Ru | Наыеярбн". Gazeta.ru. 27 April 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  6. Matthew Schaaf; Tanya Lokshina; Alexander Petrov (2009). Russia: An Uncivil Approach to Civil Society, Continuing State Curbs on Independent NGOs and Activists in Russia (report). Human Rights Watch Short Reports, Russia. Human Rights Watch. pp. 61–62. ISBN 9781564324993. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  7. "На лидера союза Мари оказывается давление в связи с ее жалобами на ФСБ" [Leader of Mari union under pressure regarding FSB complaints] (in Russian). civitas.ru. 27 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  8. "Хакасия. Верховный суд прекратил уголовное преследование журналиста Михаила Афанасьева - Новости - Новая Газета". Novayagazeta.ru. 27 November 2007. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  9. "Decision to put opposition blogger to mental rehab found illegal". gazeta.ru. Moscow. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  10. "Estonia grants political asylum to Russian blogger". RAPSI News. Moscow. RAPSI. 19 October 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  11. "One of three Pussy Riot band members freed". gazeta.ru. 10 October 2012. Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
  12. "Election violations watchdog searched in Moscow". Gazeta.ru. Moscow. 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  13. Grigory Tumanov (23 November 2012). "Russia, land of slaves". oD Russia. Open Democracy. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  14. "Доклад Уполномоченного по правам человека в Российской Федерации за 2011 год". Российская газета (in Russian). Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  15. "Meeting with Russian Human Rights Ombudsman Vladimir Lukin". Kremlin.ru. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  16. "Радио ЭХО Москвы :: Особое мнение, 20.07.2009 19:08: Дмитрий Муратов". Echo.msk.ru. 20 July 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  17. "404 :: 404 :: ОИА". openinform.ru. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  18. "404 :: 404 :: ОИА". openinform.ru. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  19. "Преследование гражданских активистов в России. Итоги-2011 :: Новости по теме "Обзор. Аналитика" :: Открытое Информационное Агентство". Openinform.ru. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  20. Threats to Internet Freedom in Russia (2011), AGORA Association
  21. "500 фактов ограничения свободы интернета зафиксировано в 2011 году (КАРТА НАРУШЕНИЙ) :: Новости по теме "Несвобода интернета" :: Открытое Информационное Агентство". Openinform.ru. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  22. Арина Морокова (21 December 2011). ""Грантоеды" призывают граждан "сливать" компромат на Россию". Новый День. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
  23. Дмитрий Колбасин (21 December 2011). "Ответ Ассоциации Агора на публикацию РИА "Новый регион" о "грантоедах"". Открытое информационное агентство. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  24. Кирилл Антонов (31 October 2011). "Налоговики дали правозащитникам грант". Коммерсантъ-Online. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  25. "Ни финансовых махинаций, ни терроризма… - Политика - Новая Газета". Novayagazeta.ru. 17 September 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  26. "Правозащитный Центр Казани стал единственным в Европе обладателм премии Макартуров - Новости России - ИА REGNUM". Regnum.ru. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  27. "Правозащитники из "Агоры": ассоциация максимально открыта и публична / 22.12.11 / Москва". NewDayNews.Ru. 30 May 2005. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  28. "Picture". Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  29. "Ответ Ассоциации Агора на публикацию РИА "Новый День" о "грантоедах" | Фонд содействия защите здоровья и социальной справедливости им. Андрея Рылькова". Rylkov-fond.org. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
  30. "First blacklisted and now banned | Meet 'Agora,' the first of Russia's 'foreign agents' to be liquidated". Meduza. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  31. "Human rights association Agora closed down by Russian court". RAPSI. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  32. Birnbaum, Michael (10 February 2016). "Russian court shuts down human rights group in continued crackdown". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  33. "In unprecedented move, Tatarstan's Supreme Court liquidates human rights group". Meduza. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  • openinform.ru, official site of Agora's news agency
  • Blogger Aleksey Navalny on Agora
  • "Big City" magazine interview with
  • Kommersant interview with Agora
  • Novaya Gazeta interview with Leonid Nikitinsky of Agora
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