Adolfo Bartoli

Adolfo Bartoli (19 March 1851 – 18 July 1896) was an Italian physicist, who is best known for introducing the concept of radiation pressure from thermodynamical considerations.

Born in Florence, Bartoli studied physics and mathematics at the University of Pisa until 1874. He was professor of physics at the Technical Institute of Arezzo from 1876, at the University of Sassari from 1878, at the Technical Institute of Firenze from 1879, at the University of Catania from 1886 to 1893, and at the University of Pavia from 1893.

In 1874 James Clerk Maxwell found out that the existence of tensions in the ether, in other words radiation pressure, follows from his electromagnetic theory. [1] In 1876 Bartoli derived the existence of radiation pressure from thermodynamics. He argued that the radiant temperature of a body can be raised by reflecting its light from a moving mirror, and therefore it is possible to transport energy from a colder to a hotter body. To avoid this violation of the second law of thermodynamics, it is necessary that light impart a pressure to the mirror. [2] Therefore, the radiation pressure was also called "Maxwell-Bartoli pressure".

Later the radiation pressure played an important role in the work of Albert Einstein in connection with mass–energy equivalence and the photoelectric effect. Einstein lived in Pavia at that time (1895), when Bartoli held the Physics chair at the local University. However, it is unknown whether Einstein was directly influenced by Bartoli.

Bartoli died in Pavia in 1896.

Selected publications
  • with G. Poloni: Bartoli, A.; Poloni, E. G. (1871). "Sopra un fenomeno dell'Elettrolisi". Il Nuovo Cimento. 5 (1): 292–295. Bibcode:1871NCim....5..292B. doi:10.1007/BF02718646.
  • Bartoli, A. G. (1876). Sopra i movimenti prodotti dalla luce e dal calore: e sopra il radiometro di Crookes. Firenze: Coi tipi dei successori le Monnier.
  • Exner, Dr. F. (1884). "Die strahlende Wärme und der zweite Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "L'elettricità : il carbonio e la generazione spontanea". 1886. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • with E. Stracciati: "Misure actinometriche del raffreddamento notturno eseguite sull'Etna : nota preliminare dei professori". 1890. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • with E. Stracciati: "Misura della potenza chimica delle radiazioni solari". Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia. 16. 1891.
  • with E. Stracciati: Bartoli, A.; Stracciati, E. (1891). "Misure del calore solare eseguite in Italia dal 1885 in poi". Il Nuovo Cimento. 29 (1): 63. Bibcode:1891NCim...29...63B. doi:10.1007/BF02718603.
  • Bartoli, Adolfo (1891). "Sul calore specifico fino ad alta temperatura delle lave dell'Etna e di altri vulcani". Il Nuovo Cimento. 29 (1): 131–136. Bibcode:1891NCim...29..131B. doi:10.1007/BF02718606.
  • with E. Stracciati: "Il calore specifico dell'acqua". Atti D. Accad. Gioenia di Scienze Natural. 1892.
  • Bartoli, Adolfo (1892). "Sul calore specifico fino ad alta temperatura di alcune roccie della Sicilia". Il Nuovo Cimento. 30 (1): 231–235. Bibcode:1891NCim...30..231B. doi:10.1007/bf02718484.
  • "Di alcune recenti misure calorimetriche ed in particolare della misura del calore solare : Discorso letto nell'inaugurazione dell'anno accademico 1893- 94 della r. Università di Pavia il Giorno 4 novembre 1893". 1894. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • with E. Stracciati & G. Raffo: Catania, Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in (1894). "Misure pireliometriche eseguite durante l'eclisse solare del 16 aprile 1893". Il Nuovo Cimento. 1 (1): 76–86. Bibcode:1895NCim....1...76B. doi:10.1007/BF02719961.
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References
  1. Maxwell, J.C (1873), A Treatise on electricity and magnetism, Vol. 2, § 792, London: Macmillan & Co., p. 391
  2. Bartoli, A. (1876–1884), "Il calorico raggiante e il secondo principio di termodynamica" (PDF), Nuovo Cimento, 15: 196–202, Bibcode:1884NCim...15..193B, doi:10.1007/bf02737234, archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17


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