Adad-nirari II

Adad-nirari II (reigned from 911[1] to 891 BC) is generally considered to be the first King of Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian period.

Adad-Nirari II
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
Reign912–891 BC
PredecessorAshur-dan II (Middle Assyrian Empire)
SuccessorTukulti-Ninurta II
Died891 BC
IssueTukulti-Ninurta II
FatherAshur-dan II

Biography
Economic recovery in the reign of Adad-nirari II

Adad-nirari II's father was Ashur-dan II, whom he succeeded after a minor dynastic struggle. It is probable that the accession encouraged revolts amongst Assyria's nominal vassals.

Inscribed stone tablet of Adad-nirari II from Assur, Iraq Museum

He firmly subjugated the areas previously under only nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome Arameans following a battle at the junction of the Khabur and Euphrates in 910 BC. After subduing Neo-Hittite and Hurrian populations in the north, Adad-nirari II then twice attacked and defeated Shamash-mudammiq of Babylonia, annexing a large area of land north of the Diyala River and the towns of Hīt and Zanqu in mid Mesopotamia in the same year. He made further gains over Babylonia under Nabu-shuma-ukin I later in his reign. He also campaigned to the west, subjugating the Aramean cities of Kadmuh and Nisibin. Along with vast amounts of treasure collected, he also secured the Kabur river region.[2] His reign was a period of returning prosperity to the Middle East region following expansion of Phoenician and Aramaean trade routes, linking Anatolia, Egypt under the Libyan 22nd Dynasty, Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean.

Adad-nirari II's son was named Tukulti-Ninurta II who continued to wage war against Assyria's enemies.[2]

Because of the existence of full eponym lists from Adad-nirari II's reign down to the middle of the reign of Ashurbanipal in the 7th century BC, year one of his reign in 911 BC is perhaps the first event in ancient Near Eastern history which can be dated to an exact year, although the Assyrian King List is generally considered to be quite accurate for several centuries before Adad-nirari's reign, and scholars generally agree on a single set of dates back to Ashur-resh-ishi I in the late 12th century BC.

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References
  1. Bertman, Stephen (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York: Oxford UP. p. 74.
  2. Healy, Mark (1991). The Ancient Assyrians. New York: Osprey. p. 6.
Preceded by
Ashur-dan II		 King of Assyria
911–891 BC		 Succeeded by
Tukulti-Ninurta II
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