Action of 7 July 1799

The Action of 7 July 1799 was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars in which the Spanish 34-gun frigate Nuestra Señora del Carmen captured the Royal Navy's 18-gun Hired armed cutter Penelope, which was under the command of Sir Frederick Maitland.

Action of 7 July 1799
Part of the Napoleonic Wars
Date7 July 1799
Location
Bay of Gibraltar
Result Spanish victory
Belligerents
Spain  Great Britain
Commanders and leaders
Flag-Lieut. Frederick Maitland  (POW)
Strength
1 Frigate (34 guns) 1 Cutter (18 guns)
Casualties and losses
Unknown 1 Cutter captured[1]

Background

In June 1799, the French and Spanish fleets under Admirals Mazarredo and Bruix, amounting to forty sail of the line, and upwards of thirty frigates and smaller vessels, joined up at Cartagena. On 7 July lookouts at Gibraltar saw the combined fleet close to the Barbary shore.

Some of the Spanish ships amused themselves by firing at two vessels belonging to the Algerines.[2] Admiral Jervis, Earl of Saint Vincent, who was on board the 44-gun ship HMS Argo, at anchor in the bay and on the eve of his departure for England, sent Lieutenant Maitland in the Penelope to reconnoiter and ascertain the cause of the firing.[2] Maitland set sail towards Ceuta.

Action

Anxious to gain the most accurate information, he stretched across the Gut with very light winds during the night, that was so pitchy dark and calm, that the cutter was unperceived by the combined fleet and so close among them, that the words of command in French and Spanish could be distinctly heard.

At daybreak on the 8th he found himself nearly within gunshot of the enemy's advanced ships, whose boats were instantly ordered by signal from the Spanish Admiral Mazarredo, to tow the Vivo, a brig of 16 guns, alongside the Penelope; but on their arrival within shot from the Penelope, the reception she astonished them with was so spirited, that the Spaniards dropped astern again and retired, and a faint hope of escape appeared between the British sailors, for there being no wind, the cutter's boats were kept ahead all the forenoon, towing to the southward. Then every ship in that fleet, except one frigate, actually turned their heads to the southward to give chase to the cutter.

A breeze now springing up, the Spanish frigate Nuestra Señora del Carmen, armed with 34 guns,[3] sailed up and placing herself about a cable's length on the cutter's weather-beam, fired a broadside. Maitland told his crew to lie down upon the deck till the frigate had discharged all her guns, but the frigate's fire was so heavy that it destroyed Penelope's rigging, rendering her unmanageable.[2]

When Penelope struck her colours, an officer from the brig Vivo boarded and demanded that Lieutenant Maitland give up his sword. Maitland refused, stating that he had struck to the frigate. A boat from the Nuestra Señora del Carmen arrived shortly and sent away the boat from Vivo. Penelope had on board a large sum of money, intended for Menorca, that had not been unloaded in the rush quit Gibraltar. When her crew found there was no chance of escape from the combined fleets, they made an attempt to plunder the treasure, which Maitland prevented.[2]

When her crew found there was no chance of escape from the combined fleets, they made an attempt to plunder the treasure, which Lieutenant Maitland most honourably and successfully resisted, alleging that, as public property, it was lawful prize of the captors.[4]

A boat took Maitland to the first rate Principe de Asturias, which bore the flag of Admiral Gravina. The admiral received him into his cabin and treated him with the utmost kindness.

Aftermath

The day after his arrival at Cadiz, Admiral Mazarredo sent his captain to tell Maitland that the admiral was occupied in refitting his ships and so could not to see him. However, the admiral had stated that in a few days, when the combined fleet left port, Maitland would be released without an exchange for a Spanish officer held prisoner by the British.

When the fleet departed the Spanish returned Maitland to Gibraltar, as promised.[2] Maitland then accompanied St. Vincent when he returned to England in August 1799.[2]

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References
Citations
  1. https://books.google.com/books?id=GhSkN7WT_NgC David Steel p.43
  2. Marshall p.384
  3. http://www.todoababor.es/datos_docum/hist_fr_n.htm
  4. A. Lloyd Moote, Louis XIII, the Just, p.180
Bibliography
  • Tucker, Jedediah Stephens. Memoirs Of Admiral, The Right Honorable, The Earl Of St. Vincent
  • Marshall, John ( 1823-1835) Royal naval biography, or, Memoirs of the services of all the flag-officers, superannuated rear-admirals, retired-captains, post-captains, and commanders, whose names appeared on the Admiralty list of sea officers at the commencement of the present year 1823, or who have since been promoted ... (London : Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown).

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