630s

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	6th century; 7th century; 8th century;
Decades:	610s; 620s; 630s; 640s; 650s;
Years:	630; 631; 632; 633; 634; 635; 636; 637; 638; 639;
Categories:	Births; Deaths; Establishments; Disestablishments;

The 630s decade ran from January 1, 630, to December 31, 639.

Events

630

By place

Byzantine Empire

March 21 – Emperor Heraclius returns the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem. He tries to promote Monothelitism, which is rejected by the Christians.[1]
Heraclius issues a decree that all Jews must become Christian; a massacre follows around Jerusalem and in Galilee (Israel), some survivors fleeing to the Daraa area.[2]
Chorpan Tarkhan, general of the Khazars, invades and devastates Roman Armenia. He defeats a Persian cavalry force (10,000 men) sent by Shahrbaraz to repel the invasion.

Scandinavia

Yngling King Olof Trätälja founds a colony in Värmland. He is expelled from his native Västergötland (in modern-day Sweden) (according to the Ynglingatal).

Britain

King Ricberht of East Anglia dies and is succeeded by Sigeberht, who returns from exile in France. He rules together with his kinsman Ecgric, re-establishing Christianity.
King Penda of Mercia besieges Exeter in south-west England. King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd lands with a force nearby, and negotiates an alliance with Penda.
Eanswith, daughter of King Eadbald of Kent, founds the Benedictine Folkestone Priory, the first nunnery in England.[3]

Persia

April 27 – King Ardashir III, age 9, is murdered after an 18 month reign. He is succeeded by Shahrbaraz who becomes ruler (shah) of the Sasanian Empire.[4]
June 9 – Shahrbaraz is killed and succeeded by Borandukht, daughter of former king Khosrow II. She ascends the throne as 26th monarch of Persia.

Arabia

January – Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to Ta'if (Western Arabia).
February 5 – Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it.[5]
December 11 – Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on Mecca, which surrenders. Muhammad takes the city from the Quraysh and makes it the spiritual center of Islam.

Asia

Illig Qaghan, ruler (khagan) of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, is captured by Li Jing during the Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks.

By topic

Religion

Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk (bhikkhu), travels across the Gobi Desert to Kumul. Following the Tian Shan mountain range of Central Asia westwards, he arrives in Turpan.

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Significant people

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gollark: I'm GETTING to that.

gollark: "Apioforms" were invented by Heavpoot in early July, and spread out of direct messages to here a week or so later.

gollark: The whole thing began earlier this year when esolangs started really liking bees, which picked up in May.

gollark: Well, I can explain it *briefly* now.

gollark: A more comprehensive account of the apioform would include its history and evolution, as well as the communities where it's now most prevalent.

References

Whitby, Michael (2002). Rome at War AD 293–696. London: Osprey. p. 76. ISBN 1-84176-359-4.
Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria. London: Osprey. p. 62. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
Yorke, Barbara (2003). Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses. London: Continuum. p. 23. ISBN 0-8264-6040-2.
Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sassanid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 181–183. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
Muir, William (1861). The Life of Mahomet and the History of Islam. 4. London: Smith, Elder. p. 145.

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[1] Whitby, Michael (2002). Rome at War AD 293–696. London: Osprey. p. 76. ISBN 1-84176-359-4.

[2] Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria. London: Osprey. p. 62. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.

[3] Yorke, Barbara (2003). Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses. London: Continuum. p. 23. ISBN 0-8264-6040-2.

[4] Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sassanid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 181–183. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.

[5] Muir, William (1861). The Life of Mahomet and the History of Islam. 4. London: Smith, Elder. p. 145.

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	6th century 7th century 8th century
Decades:	610s 620s 630s 640s 650s
Years:	630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639
Categories:	Births Deaths Establishments Disestablishments