2016 Democratic National Committee email leak

The 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak is a collection of Democratic National Committee (DNC) emails stolen by one or more hackers operating under the pseudonym "Guccifer 2.0" who are alleged to be Russian intelligence agency hackers, according to indictments carried out by the Mueller investigation.[1] These emails were subsequently leaked by DCLeaks in June and July 2016[2] and by WikiLeaks on July 22, 2016, just before the 2016 Democratic National Convention. This collection included 19,252 emails and 8,034 attachments from the DNC, the governing body of the United States' Democratic Party.[3] The leak includes emails from seven key DNC staff members, and date from January 2015 to May 2016.[4] On November 6, 2016, WikiLeaks released a second batch of DNC emails, adding 8,263 emails to its collection.[5]


2016 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
Related races
2016

The leaks resulted in allegations of bias against Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign and Tulsi, in apparent contradiction with the DNC leadership's publicly stated neutrality,[6] as several DNC operatives seemed to deride Sanders' campaign and discussed ways to advance Hillary Clinton's nomination. Later reveals included controversial DNC–Clinton agreements dated before the primary, regarding financial arrangements and control over policy and hiring decisions.[7] The revelations prompted the resignation of DNC chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz before the 2016 Democratic National Convention.[8] The DNC issued a formal apology to Bernie Sanders and his supporters "for the inexcusable remarks made over email" that did not reflect the DNC's "steadfast commitment to neutrality during the nominating process."[9] After the convention, DNC CEO Amy Dacey, CFO Brad Marshall, and Communications Director Luis Miranda also resigned in the wake of the controversy.[10]

On December 9, 2016, the CIA told U.S. legislators that the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded Russia conducted operations during the 2016 U.S. election to prevent Hillary Clinton[11] from winning the presidency.[12] Multiple U.S intelligence agencies concluded people with direct ties to the Kremlin gave WikiLeaks hacked emails from the Democratic National Committee.[12] WikiLeaks did not reveal its source. Later Julian Assange, founder of Wikileaks, claimed that the source of the emails was not Russia.[13]

In June 2017, former Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson, who was appointed by and served under President Barack Obama, testified before a House Select committee that his department offered their assistance to the DNC during the campaign to determine what happened to their server, but said his efforts were "rebuffed" because the DHS was offering to provide assistance months after the FBI had provided assistance.[14][15]

On July 13, 2018, Special Counsel Robert Mueller indicted 12 Russian military intelligence agents of a group known as Fancy Bear alleged to be responsible for the attack,[1] who were behind the Guccifer 2.0 pseudonym which claimed responsibility.[16]

Contents of leak

The emails leaked by Wikileaks, in two phases (the first on July 22, 2016 and the second on October 7th, 2016),[17] revealed information about the DNC's interactions with the media, Hillary Clinton's and Bernie Sanders' campaigns, and financial contributions. It also includes personal information about the donors of the Democratic Party, including credit card and Social Security numbers, which could facilitate identity theft.[18][19] Earlier, in late June 2016, Guccifer 2.0 instructed reporters to visit the DCLeaks website for emails stolen from Democrats.[2] With the WikiLeaks disclosure of additional stolen emails beginning on July 22, 2016, more than 150,000 stolen emails from either personal Gmail addresses or via the DNC that were related to the Hillary Clinton 2016 Presidential campaign were published on the DCLeaks and WikiLeaks websites. On August 12, 2016, DCLeaks released information about more than 200 Democratic lawmakers, including their personal cellphone numbers.[20] The numerous prank calls that Hillary Clinton received from this disclosure along with the loss of her campaign's email security severely disrupted her campaign, which changed its contact information on October 7, 2016 by calling each of her contacts one at a time.[2]

Media

The emails include DNC staff's "off-the-record" correspondence with media personalities, including the reporters at CNN,[21][22][23] Politico, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post.[24]

Bernie Sanders' campaign

In the emails, DNC staffers derided the Sanders campaign.[25] The Washington Post reported: "Many of the most damaging emails suggest the committee was actively trying to undermine Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign. Basically, all of these examples came late in the primary—after Hillary Clinton was clearly headed for victory—but they belie the national party committee's stated neutrality in the race even at that late stage."[6]

In a May 2016 email chain, the DNC chief financial officer (CFO) Brad Marshall told the DNC chief executive officer, Amy Dacy, that they should have someone from the media ask Sanders if he is an atheist prior to the West Virginia primary.[6][26]

On May 21, 2016, DNC National Press Secretary Mark Paustenbach sent an email to DNC Spokesman Luis Miranda mentioning a controversy that ensued in December 2015, when the National Data Director of the Sanders campaign and three subordinate staffers accessed the Clinton campaign's voter information on the NGP VAN database.[27] (The party accused Sanders' campaign of impropriety and briefly limited its access to the database. The Sanders campaign filed suit for breach of contract against the DNC, but dropped the suit on April 29, 2016.)[26][28][29] Paustenbach suggested that the incident could be used to promote a "narrative for a story, which is that Bernie never had his act together, that his campaign was a mess." The DNC rejected this suggestion.[6][26] The Washington Post wrote: "Paustenbach's suggestion, in that way, could be read as a defense of the committee rather than pushing negative information about Sanders. But this is still the committee pushing negative information about one of its candidates."[6]

Debbie Wasserman Schultz's emails

Following the Nevada Democratic convention, Debbie Wasserman Schultz wrote about Jeff Weaver, manager of Bernie Sanders' campaign: "Damn liar. Particularly scummy that he barely acknowledges the violent and threatening behavior that occurred".[30][31][32] In another email, Wasserman Schultz said of Bernie Sanders, "He isn't going to be president."[25] Other emails showed her stating that Sanders doesn't understand the Democratic Party.[33]

In May 2016, MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski accused the DNC of bias against the Sanders campaign and called on Wasserman Schultz to step down.[34][35] Wasserman Schultz was upset at the negative media coverage of her actions, and she emailed the political director of NBC News, Chuck Todd, that such coverage of her "must stop".[36][37] Describing the coverage as the "LAST straw", she ordered the DNC's communications director to call MSNBC president Phil Griffin to demand an apology from Brzezinski.[38][39]

Financial and donor information

According to The New York Times, the cache included "thousands of emails exchanged by Democratic officials and party fund-raisers, revealing in rarely seen detail the elaborate, ingratiating and often bluntly transactional exchanges necessary to harvest hundreds of millions of dollars from the party's wealthy donor class. The emails capture a world where seating charts are arranged with dollar totals in mind, where a White House celebration of gay pride is a thinly disguised occasion for rewarding wealthy donors and where physical proximity to the president is the most precious of currencies."[40] As is common in national politics, large party donors "were the subject of entire dossiers, as fund-raisers tried to gauge their interests, annoyances and passions."[40]

In a series of email exchanges in April and May 2016, DNC fundraising staff discussed and compiled a list of people (mainly donors) who might be appointed to federal boards and commissions.[41] Center for Responsive Politics senior fellow Bob Biersack noted that this is a longstanding practice in the United States: "Big donors have always risen to the top of lists for appointment to plum ambassadorships and other boards and commissions around the federal landscape."[41] The White House denied that financial support for the party was connected to board appointments, saying: "Being a donor does not get you a role in this administration, nor does it preclude you from getting one. We've said this for many years now and there's nothing in the emails that have been released that contradicts that."[41]

France

In 2011, France, under President Nicolas Sarkozy, led calls for international intervention in the Libyan Civil War, voted in favor of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 and, subsequently, dispatched the French Air Force into direct military action in Libya in support of the National Transitional Council.[42] At the time, France said the move was to protect Libyan civilians. But in a private email from Sidney Blumenthal to Hillary Clinton - revealed as part of the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak - Blumenthal claimed France was more concerned with Libya's large gold reserves, which might pose a threat to the value of the Central African Franc, thereby weakening French influence in Africa, and that Sarkozy was interested in increased access to Libyan oil. Former French diplomat Patrick Haimzadeh called Blumenthal's analysis, while it reflected a popular theory on conspiracy websites, "not credible" because "the timeline just doesn't add up" with Sarkozy's decision to intervene preceding knowledge of Gaddafi's plans.[43] French investigative journalist Fabrice Arfi dismissed Blumenthal's claim as "far-fetched," while also acknowledging that even U.S. intelligence did not find France's publicly stated motivations for the Libya intervention to be entirely credible either.[43]

Perpetrators

Cybersecurity analysis

A self-styled hacker going by the moniker "Guccifer 2.0" claimed to be the source of the leaks;[44][45] WikiLeaks did not reveal its source.[24] Cybersecurity experts and firms, including CrowdStrike, Fidelis Cybersecurity, Mandiant, SecureWorks, and ThreatConnect, and the editor for Ars Technica, stated the leak was part of a series of cyberattacks on the DNC committed by two Russian intelligence groups.[46][47][48][49][50][51] U.S. intelligence agencies also stated (with "high confidence"[52]) that the Russian government was behind the theft of emails and documents from the DNC, according to reports in The New York Times and The Washington Post.[52][53][54][55][56]

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange initially stuck to WikiLeaks policy of neither confirming or denying sources but in January 2017 said that their "source is not the Russian government and it is not a state party",[57][58] and the Russian government said it had no involvement.[59]

Comey testified that the FBI requested, but did not receive, physical access to the DNC servers.[60][61] According to Comey, the FBI did obtain copies of the servers and all the information on them, as well as access to forensics from CrowdStrike, a third-party cybersecurity company that reviewed the DNC servers.[61] Comey said that access through Crowdstrike was an "appropriate substitute" and called the firm a "highly respected private company."[61][60]

United States intelligence conclusions
ODNI declassified assessment of "Russian activities and intentions in recent U.S. elections"

On October 7, 2016, the United States Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence stated that the US intelligence community was confident that the Russian government directed the breaches and the release of the obtained or allegedly obtained material in an attempt to "... interfere with the US election process."[62][63][64]

The U.S. Intelligence Community tasked resources debating why Putin chose summer 2016 to escalate active measures influencing U.S. politics.[65] Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper said after the 2011–13 Russian protests, Putin's confidence in his viability as a politician was damaged, and Putin responded with the propaganda operation.[65] Former CIA officer Patrick Skinner explained the goal was to spread uncertainty.[66] U.S. Congressman Adam Schiff, Ranking Member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, commented on Putin's aims, and said U.S. intelligence agencies were concerned with Russian propaganda.[65] Speaking about disinformation that appeared in Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland, Schiff said there was an increase of the same behavior in the U.S.[65] Schiff concluded Russian propaganda operations would continue against the U.S. after the election.[65]

On December 9, 2016, the CIA told U.S. legislators the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded Russia conducted operations during the 2016 U.S. election to assist Donald Trump in winning the presidency.[12][67][68] Multiple U.S intelligence agencies concluded people with direct ties to the Kremlin gave WikiLeaks hacked emails from the DNC and additional sources such as John Podesta, campaign chairman for Hillary Clinton.[12] These intelligence organizations additionally concluded Russia attempted to hack the Republican National Committee (RNC) as well as the DNC but were prevented by security defenses on the RNC network.[69][70]

The CIA said the foreign intelligence agents were Russian operatives previously known to the U.S.[12] CIA officials told U.S. Senators it was "quite clear" Russia's intentions were to help Trump.[67] Trump released a statement December 9, and disregarded the CIA conclusions.[12]

Steele dossier allegations

The Steele dossier contains several allegations related to the hacking and leaking of the emails. The individuals named have denied the allegations.

Dossier sources allege:

  • That Russia was responsible for the DNC email hacks[71][72][73] and the recent appearance of the stolen DNC e-mails on WikiLeaks,[71][74] and that the reason for using WikiLeaks was "plausible deniability".[75] (Report 95)
  • That "the operation had been conducted with the full knowledge and support of TRUMP and senior members of his campaign team."[76][75] (Report 95)
  • That after the emails were leaked to WikiLeaks, it was decided to not leak more, but to engage in misinformation: "Rather the tactics would be to spread rumours and misinformation about the content of what already had been leaked and make up new content."[77] (Report 101)
  • That Trump's foreign policy adviser Carter Page had "conceived and promoted" the idea of "leaking the DNC e-mails to WikiLeaks during the Democratic Convention" "to swing supporters of Bernie SANDERS away from Hillary CLINTON and across to TRUMP."[78][79][80] (Reports 95, 102)
  • That the hacking of the DNC servers was performed by Romanian hackers ultimately controlled by Putin and paid by both Trump and Putin.[81][82] (Report 166)
  • That Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen, had a secret meeting with Kremlin officials in Prague in August 2016,[71][83][84] where he arranged "deniable cash payments" to the hackers and sought "to cover up all traces of the hacking operation",[81][82] as well as "cover up ties between Trump and Russia, including Manafort's involvement in Ukraine".[76] (Reports 135, 166)

Trump has repeatedly denied the allegations, labeling the dossier as "discredited", "debunked", "fictitious", and "fake news".[85] Paul Manafort has "denied taking part in any collusion with the Russian state, but registered himself as a foreign agent retroactively after it was revealed his firm received more than $17m working as a lobbyist for a pro-Russian Ukrainian party."[77] Cohen has also denied the allegations against him.[81][82][83][84] Page originally denied meeting any Russian officials, but his later testimony, acknowledging that he had met with senior Russian officials at Rosneft, has been interpreted as appearing to corroborate portions of the dossier.[86][87][88]

In his February 2019 testimony before Congress, Cohen implicated Trump, writing that Trump had knowledge that Roger Stone was communicating with Wikileaks about releasing emails stolen from the DNC in 2016.[89][90]

Reactions

On July 18, 2016, Dmitry Peskov, press secretary for Russian president Vladimir Putin, stated that the Russian government had no involvement in the DNC hacking incident.[91] Peskov called it "paranoid" and "absurd",[92] saying: "We are again seeing these maniacal attempts to exploit the Russian theme in the US election campaign."[93] That position was later reiterated by the Russian Embassy in Washington, DC, which called the allegation "entirely unrealistic".[94]

Then Republican nominee Donald Trump said on Twitter: "Leaked e-mails of DNC show plans to destroy Bernie Sanders. Mock his heritage and much more. On-line from Wikileakes [sic], really vicious. RIGGED."[95]

The leak fueled tensions going into the 2016 Democratic National Convention: although DNC operatives initially denied accusations of bias, Sanders operatives and multiple media commentators cited the leaks as clear evidence that the DNC had been favoring Clinton and undermining Sanders.[95][96][97][98] Several media commentators have disputed the significance of the emails, arguing that the DNC's internal preference for Clinton was not historically unusual and was unlikely to have swayed the final outcome of the primary;[99][100][101] whereas many of Sanders' supporters viewed the revelations as symptomatic of an entrenched, unethical political establishment.[102][103]

On July 24, 2016, Sanders urged Wasserman Schultz to resign following the leak and stated that he was "disappointed" by the leak, but that he was "not shocked."[50][104] Jeff Weaver, Bernie Sanders' campaign manager, called for greater accountability in the DNC, calling Wasserman Schultz "a figure of disunity" within the Democratic Party.[105][106] Later the same day, Wasserman Schultz resigned from her position as DNC Chairman, effective as of the end of the nominating convention.[107] After Wasserman Schultz resigned, Sanders said that she had "made the right decision for the future of the Democratic Party."[108] On the following day, the DNC apologized to Bernie Sanders and his supporters, stating, "On behalf of everyone at the DNC, we want to offer a deep and sincere apology to Senator Sanders, his supporters, and the entire Democratic Party for the inexcusable remarks made over email," and that the emails did not reflect the DNC's "steadfast commitment to neutrality during the nominating process."[9] On July 24, 2016, in an interview with NPR, former DNC Chair and current Governor of Virginia Terry McAuliffe said "... that the chair's job should be "to remain neutral." "I sat in that chair in 2004 trying to navigate all the different candidates we had. But if you had people in there who were trashing one of the candidates, I can tell you this, if I were still chairman they wouldn't be working there. I mean, that is just totally unacceptable behavior."[109]

On July 25, 2016, Anthony Zurcher, North America reporter for the BBC, commented that "the revelation that those in the heart of the Democratic establishment sought to undermine the anti-establishment Sanders is roughly on a par with [Casablanca character] police Capt Renault's professed shock that gambling was taking place in the Casablanca club he was raiding, as a waiter hands him his winnings."[110]

On July 25, 2016, Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus said that "Today's events show really what an uphill climb the Democrats are facing this week in unifying their party. Starting out the week by losing your party chairman over longstanding bitterness between factions is no way to keep something together." [111]

After the emails were released, the Australian diplomat Alexander Downer informed the U.S. government that, in May 2016 at a London wine bar, Trump campaign staffer George Papadopoulos had told him that the Russian government had a large trove of Hillary Clinton emails that could potentially damage her presidential campaign. The FBI started a counterintelligence investigation into possible Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[112][113]

On October 14, 2016, NBC News reported that multiple sources were telling them that Barack Obama had ordered the CIA to present him with options for a retaliatory cyber attack against the Russian Federation for allegedly interfering in the US presidential election. Sources said that this is not the first time the CIA has presented such options to a president, but that on all previous occasions the decision was made not to carry out the proposed attacks.[114]

In an op-ed for The Intercept, James Risen chided the media for its lopsided reporting on emails:[115]

To their disgrace, editors and reporters at American news organizations greatly enhanced the Russian echo chamber, eagerly writing stories about Clinton and the Democratic Party based on the emails, while showing almost no interest during the presidential campaign in exactly how those emails came to be disclosed and distributed ... The hack was a much more important story than the content of the emails themselves, but that story was largely ignored because it was so easy for journalists to write about Clinton campaign chair John Podesta.

Media coverage and public perception

On July 27, 2016, The New York Times reported that Julian Assange, in an interview on British ITV on June 12, 2016, had "made it clear that he hoped to harm Hillary Clinton's chances of winning the presidency", and that in a later interview[116] on the program Democracy Now! on July 25, 2016, the first day of the Democratic National Convention, he acknowledged that "he had timed their release to coincide with the Democratic convention."[52][117] In an interview with CNN, Assange would neither confirm nor deny who WikiLeaks' sources were; he claimed that his website "... might release "a lot more material" relevant to the US electoral campaign ..." [118]

Following the publication of the stolen emails, NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden criticized WikiLeaks for its wholesale leakage of data, writing that "their hostility to even modest curation is a mistake."[19] The Washington Post contrasted the difference between WikiLeaks' practices and Snowden's disclosure of information about NSA: while Snowden worked with journalists to vet documents (withholding some where it would endanger national security), WikiLeaks' "more radical" approach involves the dumping of "massive, searchable caches online with few—if any—apparent efforts to remove sensitive personal information."[19]

On July 25, 2016, Anne Applebaum, columnist for The Washington Post, writes that

... with the exception of a few people on Twitter and a handful of print journalists, most of those covering this story, especially on television, are not interested in the nature of the hackers, and they are not asking why the Russians apparently chose to pass the emails on to WikiLeaks at this particular moment, on the eve of the Democratic National Convention. They are focusing instead on the content of what were meant to be private emails ...

She goes on to describe in detail other Russian destabilization campaigns in Eastern European countries.[119]

On July 25, 2016, Thomas Rid, Professor in Security Studies at King's College, London, and non-resident fellow at the School for Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, DC, summed up the evidence pointing to Russia being behind the hacking of the DNC files and the "Guccifer-branded leaking operation". He concludes that these actions successfully blunted the "DNC's ability to use its opposition research in surprise against Trump ..." [48] He further writes that data exfiltration from political organizations is done by many countries and is considered to be a legitimate form of intelligence work. "But digitally exfiltrating and then publishing possibly manipulated documents disguised as freewheeling hacktivism is crossing a big red line and setting a dangerous precedent: an authoritarian country directly yet covertly trying to sabotage an American election."[48]

Russian security expert and investigative journalist Andrei Soldatov said "It is almost impossible to know for sure whether or not Russia is behind a hack of the DNC's servers". According to him, one of the reasons Russia would try to sway the US presidential election is that the Russian government considers Clinton "a hater of Russia": "There is this mentality in Russia of being besieged; that it is always under attack from the United States ... They are trying to interfere in our internal affairs so why not try to do the same thing to them?"[120]

Civil DNC lawsuit
Main article: Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation

On April 20, 2018, the Democratic National Committee filed a civil lawsuit in federal court in New York, accusing the Russian government, the Trump campaign, Wikileaks, and others of conspiracy to alter the course of the 2016 presidential election and asking for monetary damages and a declaration admitting guilt. A hearing on the defendants' motions to dismiss was scheduled for May 17, 2018.[121][122] In July 2019, the suit was dismissed with prejudice. In his judgement, federal judge John Koeltl said that although he believed the Russian government was involved in the hacking, US federal law generally prohibited suits against foreign governments. The judge said the other defendants, "did not participate in any wrongdoing in obtaining the materials in the first place" and were therefore within the law in publishing the information. He also said that the DNC's argument was "entirely divorced from the facts" and even if the Russians had directly provided the hacked documents to the Trump team, it would not be criminal for the campaign to publish those documents, as long as they did not contribute to the hacking itself. Koeltl denied the defendants motion for sanctions, but dismissed the suit with prejudice, meaning it had a substantive legal defect and could not be refiled.[123]

gollark: instead.
gollark: =tex (\int)^10
gollark: What a ridiculous notion. Do
gollark: This is too many integrals. They should stop.
gollark: (it improves security, as nobody else can read my writing)

See also

References
  1. "12 Russians indicted in Mueller investigation". CNN.com. July 13, 2018.
  2. Satter, Raphael; Donn, Jeff; Day, Chad (November 4, 2017). "Inside Story: How Russians Hacked the Democrats' Emails: How did Russian hackers pry into Clinton campaign emails? Huge effort made quick work". US News. Associated Press. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  3. Karen Tumulty & Tom Hamburger (July 22, 2016). "WikiLeaks releases thousands of documents about Clinton and internal deliberations". Washington Post.
  4. Andrea Peterson (July 22, 2016). "Wikileaks posts nearly 20,000 hacked DNC emails online". Washington Post.
  5. Uchill, Joe (November 7, 2016). "WikiLeaks releases new DNC emails day before election". The Hill. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  6. Blake, Aaron (July 24, 2016). "Here are the latest, most damaging things in the DNC's leaked emails". The Washington Post.
  7. Stein, Jeff (November 2, 2017). "Donna Brazile's bombshell about the DNC and Hillary Clinton, explained". Vox. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  8. Martin, Jonathan; Rappeport, Alan (July 24, 2016). "Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign D.N.C. Post". The New York Times.
  9. "Democratic National Committee apologizes to Sanders over emails". Reuters. July 25, 2016.
  10. "DNC CEO resigns in wake of email controversy". CNN. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  11. Berlin, Simon Shuster /. "Why Putin Has an Electoral Bone to Pick With Hillary Clinton". Time.
  12. Adam Entous, Ellen Nakashima and Greg Miller (December 9, 2016), "Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House", The Washington Post, retrieved December 10, 2016
  13. "Julian Assange: Russian government not source of leaked DNC and Podesta emails - WikiLeaks editor contradicts CIA claims in new interview". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  14. Hacked computer server that handled DNC email remains out of reach of Russia investigators, The Washington Times, July 5, 2017, retrieved July 5, 2017
  15. DNC: The Russians had been booted from our system by the time DHS called, Politico, June 22, 2017, retrieved May 20, 2018
  17. "DNC Emails". Scribd.com. Scribd. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  18. McCarthy, Kieren. "WikiLeaks fights The Man by, er, publishing ordinary people's personal information". The Register. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  19. Peterson, Andrea (July 28, 2016). "Snowden and WikiLeaks clash over leaked Democratic Party emails". The Washington Post.
  20. DuVall, Eric (August 13, 2016). "Suspected Russian hackers release lawmakers' personal information". upi.com. United Press International. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  21. Joe, Concha (July 25, 2016). "Todd, Tapper respond to being named in leaked WikiLeaks DNC emails". The Hill. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  22. Wemple, Erik (July 24, 2016). "WikiLeaks emails: Pro-Clinton CNN political commentator pre-checked op-ed with DNC". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  23. Grynbaum, Michael M. (July 24, 2016). "Ego Clashes Exposed in Leaked Emails From Democratic National Committee". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  24. "WikiLeaks' DNC Email Leak Reveals Off The Record Media Correspondence". SanFrancisco.cbslocal.com. July 22, 2016.
  25. Shear, Michael (July 22, 2016). "Released Emails Suggest the D.N.C. Derided the Sanders Campaign". The New York Times.
  26. "Leaked DNC emails reveal details of anti-Sanders sentiment". The Guardian. Associated Press. July 24, 2016.
  27. Haberman, Maggie; Corasanti, Nick (December 18, 2016). "Democrats and Bernie Sanders Clash Over Data Breach". The New York Times.
  28. Jacobs, Ben (December 18, 2015). "Democrats punish Bernie Sanders campaign following Clinton data breach". Guardian.
  29. Wagner, John (April 29, 2016). "Sanders campaign drops lawsuit against DNC stemming from December data-breach flap". The Washington Post.
  30. Man, Anthony (July 23, 2016). "Emails offer insights into Wasserman Schultz at DNC". Sun-Sentinel. Sun Sentinel.
  31. "Debbie Wasserman Schultz no longer presiding over Democratic convention". Fox News Channel. July 24, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  32. Carney, Jordain (July 22, 2016). "Wasserman Schultz called top Sanders aide a 'damn liar' in leaked email". The Hill. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  33. Blake, Aaron (July 25, 2016). "The Fix Here are the latest, most damaging things in the DNC's leaked emails". Washington Post. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  34. "Is the DNC Chair too divisive to unify the party?". MSNBC. May 25, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  35. Hains, Tim (May 18, 2016). "MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski Calls For DNC Chair To Step Down Over Bias Against Sanders". RealClearPolitics. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016.
  36. Callum, Borchers (July 25, 2016). "Emails show Debbie Wasserman Schultz pressured 'Morning Joe' — to no avail". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  37. Reisman, Sam (July 22, 2016). "Leaked Emails Show DNC Chair Told Chuck Todd Negative Coverage 'Must Stop'". Mediaite. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016.
  38. Jilani, Zaid (July 22, 2016). "DNC Staffers Mocked the Bernie Sanders Campaign, Leaked Emails Show". The Intercept.
  39. Norton, Ben (July 22, 2016). "DNC emails: Wasserman Schultz furiously pressured MSNBC after it criticized her "unfair" treatment of Sanders". Salon.
  40. Eder, Steve; Confessore, Nicholas (July 25, 2016). "In Hacked D.N.C. Emails, a Glimpse of How Big Money Works". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  41. Goodwin, Alec (July 26, 2016). "Leaks show DNC asked White House to reward donors with slots on boards and commissions". Center for Responsive Politics. Retrieved July 29, 2016. (republished at Huffington Post)
  42. Elliott, Michael (March 19, 2011). "Viewpoint: How Libya Became a French and British War". TIME. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  43. Asher-Schapiro, Avi (January 12, 2016). "Libyan Oil, Gold, and Qaddafi: The Strange Email Sidney Blumenthal Sent Hillary Clinton In 2011". VICE News. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  44. Uchill, Joe (July 26, 2016). "Evidence mounts linking DNC email hacker to Russia". The Hill. The Hill. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  45. Uchill, Joe (July 22, 2016). "WikiLeaks posts 20,000 DNC emails". The Hill. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  46. Goodin, Dan (June 16, 2016). ""Guccifer" leak of DNC Trump research has a Russian's fingerprints on it". arstechnica. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  47. Shieber, Jonathan; Conger, Kate (July 27, 2016). "Did Russian government hackers leak the DNC emails?". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  48. Rid, Thomas. "All Signs Point to Russia Being Behind the DNC Hack". Motherboard. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  49. "Wikileaks posts nearly 20,000 hacked DNC emails online". Providence Journal. July 22, 2016.
  50. "DNC email leak: Sanders calls for new leader as Clinton camp blames Russia". The Guardian. July 24, 2016.
  51. "DNC email leak: Russian hackers Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear behind breach". The Guardian. July 26, 2016.
  52. "Spy Agency Consensus Grows That Russia Hacked D.N.C." The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2016. (citing "federal officials who have been briefed on the evidence").
  53. Nakashima, Ellen (July 27, 2016). "Is there a Russian master plan to install Trump in the White House? Some intelligence officials are skeptical". The Washington Post.
  54. Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo. "How Hackers Broke Into John Podesta and Colin Powell's Gmail Accounts". Motherboard. Vice. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  55. Rid, Thomas. "How Russia Pulled Off the Biggest Election Hack in U.S. History". Esquire. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  56. Frenkel, Sheena. "Meet Fancy Bear". Buuzfeed. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  57. Johnson, Alex (July 25, 2016). "WikiLeaks' Julian Assange: 'No Proof' Hacked DNC Emails Came From Russia". NBC News.
  58. Schwartz, Ian (January 2, 2017). "Assange To Hannity: Source For WikiLeaks Was Not Russian Government". Real Clear Politics.
  59. "Moscow denies Russian involvement in U.S. DNC hacking". Reuters. June 14, 2016.
  60. Schultheis, Emily (January 10, 2017). "FBI Director Comey: Agency requested access to DNC servers". CBS News.
  61. Tobias, Manuela (July 11, 2017). "Did John Podesta deny CIA and FBI access to DNC server, as Donald Trump claims?".
  62. Nakashima, Ellen. "US government officially accuses Russia of hacking campaign to interfere with elections". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  63. Ackerman, Spencer; Thielman, Sam. "US officially accuses Russia of hacking DNC and interfering with election". The Guardian. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  64. Evan Perez and Theodore Schleifer. "US accuses Russia of trying to interfere with 2016 election". CNN. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  65. "Vladimir Putin Wins the Election No Matter Who The Next President Is", The Daily Beast, November 4, 2016, retrieved December 2, 2016
  66. Schatz, Bryan, "The Kremlin Would Be Proud of Trump's Propaganda Playbook", Mother Jones, retrieved December 2, 2016
  67. Chris Sanchez and Bryan Logan (December 9, 2016), "The CIA says it has evidence that Russia tried to help Trump win the US election", Business Insider, retrieved December 10, 2016
  68. Sommerfeldt, Chris (December 9, 2016), "Russia intervened in the 2016 election to help Donald Trump win the White House: report", New York Daily News, retrieved December 10, 2016
  69. David E. Sanger and Scott Shane (December 9, 2016), "Russia hacked Republican committee but kept data, U.S. concludes", Houston Chronicle, The New York Times, retrieved December 10, 2016
  70. SHANE HARRIS, DEVLIN BARRETT and JULIAN E. BARNES (December 16, 2016). "Republican National Committee Security Foiled Russian Hackers". The Wall Street Journal.
  71. Withnall, Adam; Sengupta, Kim (January 12, 2017). "The 10 key Donald Trump allegations from the classified Russia memos". The Independent. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
  72. Bertrand, Natasha (November 17, 2017). "Kushner received emails from Sergei Millian - an alleged dossier source who was in touch with George Papadopoulos". Business Insider. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  73. Blum, Howard (March 30, 2017). "How Ex-Spy Christopher Steele Compiled His Explosive Trump-Russia Dossier". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  74. Harding, Luke (2017). Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Donald Trump Win. Vintage. ISBN 978-0525562511.
  75. Bertrand, Natasha (October 6, 2017). "Mueller reportedly interviewed the author of the Trump-Russia dossier - here's what it alleges, and how it aligned with reality". Business Insider. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  76. Sumter, Kyler (November 16, 2017). "The five most interesting claims in the Donald Trump dossier". The Week. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  77. Borger, Julian (October 7, 2017). "The Trump-Russia dossier: why its findings grow more significant by the day". The Guardian. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  78. Yglesias, Matthew; Prokop, Andrew (February 2, 2018). "The Steele dossier on Trump and Russia, explained". Vox. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  79. LeTourneau, Nancy (January 13, 2017). "How Trump and the Russians sowed discord on the left". Washington Monthly. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  80. Garossino, Sandy (January 14, 2017). "Trump's Ill-Gotten Victory: Intel dossier says Putin helped Sanders, Stein". National Observer. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  81. Harding, Luke (May 10, 2017). "What do we know about alleged links between Trump and Russia?". The Guardian. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  82. Borger, Julian (April 28, 2017). "UK was given details of alleged contacts between Trump campaign and Moscow". The Guardian. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  83. Cormier, Anthony (May 5, 2017). "This Is The Inside Of Trump's Lawyer's Passport". BuzzFeed. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  84. Gray, Rosie (January 10, 2017). "Michael Cohen: 'It Is Fake News Meant to Malign Mr. Trump'". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 24, 2017. I'm telling you emphatically that I've not been to Prague, I've never been to Czech [Republic], I've not been to Russia.
  85. Breuninger, Kevin (January 13, 2018). "Fusion GPS testimony on infamous dossier shines new light on Trump's perilous financial ties". CNBC. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  86. Raju, Manu; Herb, Jeremy; Polantz, Katelyn (November 8, 2017). "Carter Page reveals new contacts with Trump campaign, Russians". CNN. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  87. Lanktree, Graham (November 7, 2017). "Carter Page Attacked Christopher Steele's Trump Dossier But His Testimony Raised Questions Over Russian Meetings". Newsweek. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  88. Kelly, Erin (November 6, 2017). "Trump campaign adviser Carter Page acknowledges meeting with senior Russian officials: transcript". USA Today. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  89. Elfrink, Tim; Flynn, Meagan (February 27, 2019). "Michael Cohen to testify that Trump knew of WikiLeaks plot". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  90. Daub, Travis (February 27, 2019). "Read Michael Cohen's full prepared testimony on Trump's Russia plans, WikiLeaks email dump". PBS. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  91. "Hacker Guccifer 2.0 claims new DNC data leak". Fox News. July 18, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  92. "Amid FBI probe Russia denies it hacked Democrats' emails". Deutsche Welle. July 26, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  93. "Kremlin dismisses US Democratic email hack claims as 'absurd' and an 'old trick'". ABC News. July 26, 2016.
  94. "Media claims of Moscow's attempts to interfere in U.S. presidential campaign progress unfounded - Russian Embassy - Interfax". interfax.com. Interfax. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  95. "What was in the DNC email leak?". CNN. July 25, 2016.
  96. Chan, Melissa (July 24, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Calls for Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign After Email Leak". Time. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
  97. Yuhas, Alan (July 24, 2016). "Hillary Clinton campaign blames leaked DNC emails about Sanders on Russia". The Guardian. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
  98. Flaherty, Anne (July 24, 2016). "Sanders Calls for DNC Chair's Resignation as Hacked Emails Overshadow Convention". Haaretz. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
  99. Heersink, Boris (November 4, 2017). "No, the DNC didn't 'rig' the Democratic primary for Hillary Clinton". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  100. Houle, Dana (July 25, 2016). "No, the DNC Didn't Rig the Primary in Favor of Hillary". The New Republic. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  101. Holland, Joshua (July 29, 2016). "What the Leaked E-mails Do and Don't Tell Us About the DNC and Bernie Sanders". The Nation. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  102. Cassidy, John (July 25, 2016). "Why Some of Bernie Sanders's Supporters Are Angry". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  103. West, John (July 26, 2016). "The DNC email leaks expose the rampant elitism that made way for Trump". Quartz. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  104. "Bernie Sanders Calls for Debbie Wasserman Schultz to Resign in Wake of Email Leaks". ABC News. July 24, 2016.
  105. Drabold, Will (July 25, 2016). "DNC Apologizes to Bernie Sanders and Supporters". TIME.com. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  106. Parks, Maryalice (July 30, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Campaign Chief Says Someone Must Be 'Accountable' for What DNC Emails Show". ABC News. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  107. Whitesides, John (July 24, 2016). "Democrats in disarray on eve of convention to nominate Clinton". Reuters. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  108. "Sanders: Wasserman Schultz made 'right decision' to resign from DNC". The Hill. July 24, 2016.
  109. "Debbie Wasserman Schultz To Step Down As Democratic Chair After Convention". NPR. July 24, 2016.
  110. "US election: Email row claims Debbie Wasserman Schultz". BBC News. July 25, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  111. Siddiqui, Sabrina (July 24, 2016). "Priebus and Manafort seize on Wasserman Schultz DNC resignation". The Guardian.
  112. LaFraniere, Sharon; Mazzetti, Mark; Apuzzo, Matt (December 30, 2017). "How the Russia Inquiry Began: A Campaign Aide, Drinks and Talk of Political Dirt". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
  113. Remeikis, Amy (January 1, 2018). "Trump-Russia inquiry: Australian PM denies US relationship damaged by Downer report". The Guardian. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  114. Arkin, William M.; Dilanian, Ken; Windrem, Robert (October 14, 2016). "CIA Prepping for Possible Cyber Strike Against Russia". NBC News. NBC News. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  115. Risen, James (February 16, 2018). "Is Donald Trump a Traitor?". The Intercept. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  116. "EXCLUSIVE: WikiLeaks' Julian Assange on Releasing DNC Emails That Ousted Debbie Wasserman Schultz". Democracy Now!. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  117. "Assange, Avowed Foe of Clinton, Timed Email Release for Democratic Convention". The New York Times. July 26, 2016.
  118. Chance, Matthew (July 27, 2016). "Julian Assange: 'A lot more material' coming on US elections". CNN.
  119. Anne, Applebaum (July 25, 2016). "Connecting the dots: How Russia benefits from the DNC mail leaks".
  120. "'Pro-Kremlin youth groups' could be behind DNC hack". Deutsche Welle. July 27, 2016.
  121. Burns, Alexander; Shear, Michael D. (April 20, 2018). "Democratic Party Alleges Trump-Russia Conspiracy in New Lawsuit". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  122. Hamburger, Tom; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Nakashima, Ellen (April 20, 2018). "Democratic Party sues Russia, Trump campaign and WikiLeaks alleging 2016 campaign conspiracy". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  123. Re, Gregg (July 31, 2019). "Judge dismisses DNC lawsuit against Trump campaign, Russia, WikiLeaks over hacking". msn. Archived from the original on July 30, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.

Notes
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.