2002 Winter Olympics torch relay

The 2002 Winter Olympics torch relay was a 65-day run, from December 4, 2001 until February 8, 2002, prior to the 2002 Winter Olympics.[1] The runners carried the Olympic Flame throughout the United States - following its lighting in Olympia, Greece to the opening ceremony of the 2002 games at Rice-Eccles Stadium in Salt Lake City, Utah. The 2002 torch relay was also the 50th anniversary of the Winter Olympic torch relay, which was first run during the 1952 Winter Olympics.[2]

Host city	Salt Lake City, United States
Countries visited	Greece, United States of America
Distance	13,500 miles (21,700 km)
Torch bearers	12,012
Theme	Light the Fire Within
Start date	November 19, 2001
End date	February 8, 2002

Planning

As with all the Olympic Torch Relays the goal is to share the Olympic Spirit with as many people as possible and promote that torch's particular games; in this case the Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) contracted with Além International Management, Inc. to plan the torch relay route, including security and marketing plans. The plan produced by SLOC and Além was announced to the public on December 4, 2000. It would have the torch cover 13,500 miles (21,700 km) passing through 46 of the 50 states in the United States, and be carried by 12,012 Torchbearers.[1] The torch would pass through 300 communities, stopping twice-a-day: once for a mid-day celebration and then in a larger populated city for the night. 120 of the 300 communities would host the special celebrations, which would allow large groups of people to participate in the Olympic Spirit. It also allowed each community to show off local talent, its people, and history. Atlanta, New York City, and Salt Lake City were all selected as special Signature Cities, and they would host large relay celebrations which would be paid for, planned, and controlled by SLOC. Later plans for special commemorations of September 11, 2001, along the relay route in Washington, D.C. and New York City, would be added to the route plan. The torch and all relay marketing would be designed to closely follow the 2002 Olympic theme Light the Fire Within and the look of the games theme Land of Contrast - Fire and Ice.

In February 2000 The Coca-Cola Company and Chevrolet signed an agreement with SLOC to become the official relay sponsors, agreeing to pay two-thirds of the $25 million relay cost.[3] The remainder of the cost would be paid for by official relay providers, such as Delta Air Lines, who flew the flame from Greece to the United States and Union Pacific, whose trains transported the flame through parts of the United States.[3]

In February 2001 the nomination process for Torchbearers was begun, and the selected persons were announced in September 2001. SLOC had decided on a theme of Inspire for the Torchbearers, and people were encouraged to nominate those who inspire others. Of the 12,012 Torchbearer positions, SLOC, Coca-Cola, and Chevrolet each got to select one-third of the nominees, while a few were reserved for providers and special guests at the Opening Ceremony. SLOC received approximately 50,000 nominations for its 3,500 positions, so applications were separated by ZIP code then sent to a local community judging panel who scored the applications and selected the torchbearers for their area. Coca-Cola and Chevrolet both received more than 120,000 applications for their positions, and both used a random selection process to choose torchbearers.[4]

Relay elements

Torchbearer in Olympic livery with 2002 Olympic Torch

Torch

The 2002 Olympic Torch, engineered and manufactured by Coleman,[5] is modeled after an icicle, with a slight curve to represent speed and fluidity. The Torch measures 33 inches (84 cm) long, 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide at the top, 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) at the bottom, and was designed by Axiom Design of Salt Lake City.[6][7] It was created with three sections, each with its own meaning and representation.[6]

The top section was glass, and the Olympic flame burned within the glass, echoing the 2002 Olympic theme Light the Fire Within. The glass stood for purity, winter, ice, and nature. Also inside the glass was a geometric copper structure which helped hold the flame. Copper is a very important natural element of Utah, and represented fire, warmth, Utah's History, and mirrored the orange/red colors of the theme Fire and Ice. The center section was made of silver and finished to look old and worn, while the bottom section was made of clean, highly polished silver. The center section represented the silver mining heritage of the American West, while the bottom section represented the future and modern technology. The Torchbearer gripped the torch at the junction of both the aged and polished silver, during which their hand represented a bridge from the past to the present. The two silver sections also mirrored the blue/purple colors of the Fire and Ice theme.[6]

Modes of transportation

The Olympic torch was carried through a variety of modes, including runners, skiers,[8] motor vehicles, aircraft, boats, canoes and bicycle.

Aircraft

Delta Air Lines, one of the relay providers, was responsible for carrying the flame across the Atlantic Ocean from Athens, Greece to the United States. A Boeing 777, known as the Soaring Spirit, decorated in Olympic-themed livery carried the Olympic flame in a ceremonial lantern from Greece to Atlanta, Georgia during an 11-hour flight.[9][10]

Railroad car

The specially designed flatcar that was used by Union Pacific to transport the Olympic Torch on display at Ogden, Utah

Union Pacific, another of the relay providers, used a specially designed railroad car to carry the flame across various areas of the United States (mainly rural and desert areas). Coined the "Cauldron Car", it was part of Union Pacific's "Olympic Train" which included two diesel locomotives (UP Numbers: 2001 & 2002), 13 passengers cars, and 3 service cars with the cauldron car serving as the caboose.[11] The entire train was painted in Olympic livery, using Salt Lake's "Look of the Games" style, known as "Land of Contrast - Fire and Ice". The cauldron car contained a 2 million-BTU burner, to keep the flame burning, and was originally used during the torch relay for the 1996 Summer Olympics, and was simply redesigned and repainted for the 2002 games.[12] The Olympic train carried the flame on four separate occasions during the 2002 torch relay, for a total of more than 3,200 miles (5,100 km) through 11 states.[13] Following the games the cauldron car was donated to the Utah State Railroad Museum at Union Station, where it is currently on display. In anticipation of the torch relay Overland Models (model railroading) created an H0 scale model of the Olympic Train, which included the two locomotives and several of the passenger cars.

The Heber Valley Historic Railroad also played a role in the torch relay, its historic steam locomotives were joined by another from the Nevada Northern Railway Museum, and together they were known as the Olympic Steam Team. During the games all three locomotives would pull their own eight-car train loaded with spectators to the Soldier Hollow Olympic venue.[14] The day prior to the Opening Ceremony of the games, all three locomotives were combined into one triple-headed train, and used to transport the Olympic flame from Soldier Hollow to Heber City, Utah as part of the torch relay.[15]

Route

Route of the 2002 Winter Olympics torch relay through the United States. Red dots show the starting and ending points, orange dots represent major stops, while the blue arrows indicate the direction of travel along the route.

On November 19, 2001, the first 2002 Olympic torch was lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece.[16] Greek actress Thalia Prokopiou played the role of high priestess and lit the torch using a flame kept in a clay urn. Usually the torch is lit using a parabolic mirror and the sun's rays, but for the third games in a row, cloudy conditions prevented that from happening during the ceremony. The weekend prior to the lighting ceremony, the flame held in the clay urn had been lit using the parabolic mirror and the sun's rays in case of this situation.[17] Following the ceremony, a two-day Greek torch relay carried the flame to the Panathenian stadium in Athens, Greece, where it burned in a cauldron for two weeks.[18]

On December 3, 2001, a Greek skier, Thanassis Tsailas, lit a 2002 Olympic torch from a flame in the cauldron, which in turn was used to light a ceremonial lantern. This lantern was then flown aboard the Soaring Spirit to Atlanta, Georgia, where it arrived on the morning of December 4.[18][19] The lantern was unloaded and Bonnie Blair used its flame to light a temporary cauldron to be used at the celebration in Atlanta. During this celebration, Muhammad Ali lit a 2002 Olympic torch from the flame in the temporary cauldron, which he then passed to Olympians Peggy Fleming and Bob Paul, who began the 2002 Winter Olympics torch relay.[19]

Delta's Soaring Spirit was used to transport the flame from Greece to the United States.

President George W. Bush, with the flame behind, speaks at the White House.

The flame during a ceremony at The Pentagon.

Close-up of the 2002 Winter Olympic torch

The flame passes through North College Hill, Ohio.

1. December 3–4: Athens, Greece to Atlanta, Georgia to Greenville, South Carolina
2. December 5: Greenville to Charlotte, North Carolina
3. December 6: Charlotte to Charleston, South Carolina
4. December 7: Charleston to Orlando, Florida
5. December 8: Orlando to Miami, Florida
6. December 9: Miami to New Orleans, Louisiana
7. December 10: New Orleans to Beaumont, Texas
8. December 11: Beaumont to Houston to San Antonio, to Austin, Texas
9. December 12: San Antonio to Austin, Texas to Dallas, Texas
10. December 13: Dallas to Little Rock, Arkansas
11. December 14: Little Rock to Memphis, Tennessee
12. December 15: Memphis to Nashville, Tennessee
13. December 16: Nashville to Louisville, Kentucky
14. December 17: Louisville to Cincinnati, Ohio
15. December 18: Cincinnati to Charleston, West Virginia
16. December 19: Charleston to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
17. December 20: Pittsburgh to Martinsburg, West Virginia
18. December 21: West Virginia to Washington, D.C.
19. December 22: Washington to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
20. December 23: Philadelphia to New York City, New York
21. December 24: New York City (rested in a special cauldron at Rockefeller Center for the Christmas Holiday)
22. December 25: New York City (rested in a special cauldron at Rockefeller Center for the Christmas Holiday)
23. December 26: New York City to Providence, Rhode Island
24. December 27: Rhode Island to Boston, Massachusetts
25. December 28: Boston to Lebanon, New Hampshire
26. December 29: New Hampshire to Lake Placid, New York
27. December 30: Lake Placid to Syracuse, New York
28. December 31: Syracuse to Buffalo, New York
29. January 1: Buffalo to Cleveland, Ohio
30. January 2: Cleveland to Columbus, Ohio
31. January 3: Columbus to Fort Wayne, Indiana
32. January 4: Fort Wayne to Chicago, Illinois
33. January 5: Chicago to Milwaukee, Wisconsin
34. January 6: Milwaukee to Detroit, Michigan
35. January 7: Detroit to Indianapolis, Indiana
36. January 8: Indianapolis to St. Louis, Missouri
37. January 9: St. Louis to Kansas City, Missouri
38. January 10: Kansas City to Omaha, Nebraska
39. January 11: Omaha to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
40. January 12: Oklahoma to Santa Fe, New Mexico
41. January 13: New Mexico to Phoenix, Arizona
42. January 14: Arizona to San Diego, California
43. January 15: San Diego to Los Angeles, California
44. January 16: Los Angeles to San Luis Obispo, California
45. January 17: San Luis Obispo to Seaside, California
46. January 18: Seaside to San Francisco, California
47. January 19: San Francisco to Sacramento, California
48. January 20: Sacramento to Lake Tahoe, California
49. January 21: Lake Tahoe to Sparks, Nevada
50. January 22: Sparks to Portland, Oregon
51. January 23: Portland to Seattle, Washington
52. January 24: Seattle to Alaska to Spokane, Washington
53. January 25: Spokane to Boise, Idaho
54. January 26: Boise to Idaho Falls, Idaho
55. January 27: Idaho Falls to Bozeman, Montana
56. January 28: Bozeman to Billings, Montana
57. January 29: Billings to Cheyenne, Wyoming
58. January 30: Cheyenne to Denver, Colorado
59. January 31: Denver to Colorado Springs, Colorado (Columbine survivors Patrick Ireland, Richard Castaldo, and the father of victim John Tomlin got to pass the torch.)
60. February 1: Colorado Springs to Vail, Colorado
61. February 2: Vail to Grand Junction, Colorado
62. February 3: Grand Junction to Southern Utah (no relay celebrations due to the Super Bowl)
63. February 4: Southern Utah to St. George, Utah
64. February 5: St. George to Provo, Utah
65. February 6: Provo to Ogden, Utah
66. February 7: Ogden to Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah
67. February 8: Downtown Salt Lake City to Rice-Eccles Stadium for Opening Ceremony

See also

• Morse v. Frederick (2007)

Notes

1. Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 246. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
2. Carole Mikita (17 November 2001). "No Torch Relay in Ancient Times". KSL-TV. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
3. Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 245. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
4. Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 247. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
5. "Coleman Lights Way to Olympic Games". The Lantern Newsletter. July–September 2001.
6. Salt Lake Organizing Committee. "Olympic Torch Relay". Archived from the original on 24 October 2001. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
7. "Olympic Torch Design". KSL-TV. 21 February 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
8. Todd Warshaw (2002-01-10). "Torchbearer Osvaldo Ancinas Skis With The Olympic Flame". Getty Images. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
9. "Lighting the Way: Torch begins 46-state tour to Salt Lake City". Sports Illustrated. 4 December 2001. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
10. International Olympic Committee (2002). Marketing Report Salt Lake 2002 (PDF). p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
11. Dennis Romboy (16 November 2001). "Torch design a tough task". Deseret News. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
12. Mike Gorrell (10 January 2002). "Oly Torch Relay Gets in Train-ing for Games". The Salt Lake Tribune.
13. "Cauldron car at the end of its journey". Deseret News. 6 February 2002. Retrieved 6 January 2011.
14. Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2001). Official Spectator Guide. p. 211.
15. Keith Albrandt (2002). "Salt Lake City 2002 XIX Olympic Winter Games Steam Team". Nevada Northern & Railroads of White Pine County website. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
16. "Olympic Torch Lighting Ceremony". KSL-TV. 19 November 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
17. Associated Press (19 November 2001). "Olympic Torch Lighting Ceremony". KSL-TV. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
18. "Torch begins journey". KSL-TV. 3 December 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
19. "Torch Arrives in U.S." KSL-TV. 4 December 2001. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 26 October 2010.

External links

• Official Site - Torch Relay (Archived)
• UEN's 2002 Olympic Site - Torch Relay (Archived)
• Utah's KSL-TV Torch Relay Coverage
• http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2002/torchroute/ Torch Relay Map