1998 Malpa landslide

The Malpa landslide was one of the worst landslides in India. On 18 August 1998 at 3.00 a.m., massive landslides wiped away the entire village of Malpa in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh in Kali Valley of Higher Kumaon division of the Himalayas. The rockfall started on 16 August bringing down huge rocks which initially killed three mules. A total of 221 people died, including 60 Hindu pilgrims traveling to Tibet as part of "Kailash Manas Sarovar Yatra". One noted death was that of the Indian dancer Protima Bedi. The rockfall continued till 21 August. As the area lies in a seismic zone, the earthquakes of 1979 and 1980 may have been the underlying cause, as was attributed by a report of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology.[1]

Pithoragarh valley Panoramic view

Causes of landslide

The landslide generated around one million cubic meters of rock fall and debris flow. This debris partially blocked the Sharda River. The landslide prevailed mostly due to steep, almost vertical, slopes of rock above the valley. In addition to the slopes, the proximity of the rock mass to major tectonic plates, major rainfall into the porous rock, and stress on the rock formations all contributed to the landslide. Natural disasters in the area have been attributed to ″unplanned construction and urbanization on the fluvial and un-consolidated materials produced by active faults/thrusts in various sectors.″[2]

The slide demonstrated the distressed state of rock in the Himalayan region because of the drift of the Indian plate northward.[3]

gollark: Also, disassembling it would be really annoying and I have none of those things.
gollark: I'm speculating. It just might have.
gollark: It's still under warranty but I don't really want to be laptopless for ??? time while it's shipped off to be repaired.
gollark: Theoretically. I haven't done stability tests, like I said.
gollark: It was clearly important for preventing annoying noises.

References
  1. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Archived 30 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Neotectonically triggered instability around the palaeolake regime in Central Kumaun Himalaya, India
  3. Paul, S. K; Bartarya, S. K; Rautela, Piyoosh; Mahajan, A. K (1 November 2000). "Catastrophic mass movement of 1998 monsoons at Malpa in Kali Valley, Kumaun Himalaya (India)". Geomorphology. 35 (3–4): 169–180. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00032-5.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.