1995 Valencian regional election

The 1995 Valencian regional election was held on Sunday, 28 May 1995, to elect the 4th Corts of the Valencian Community. All 89 seats in the Corts were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

1995 Valencian regional election

28 May 1995
All 89 seats in the Corts Valencianes 45 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered	3,131,191 7.4%
Turnout	2,380,614 (76.0%) 6.8 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Eduardo Zaplana Joan Lerma Albert Taberner Party PP PSOE EU–EV Leader since 26 September 1993 31 July 1979 1986 Leader's seat Valencia Valencia Valencia Last election 31 seats, 27.8% 45 seats, 42.8% 6 seats, 9.3%[lower-alpha 1] Seats won 42 32 10 Seat change 11 13 4 Popular vote 1,013,859 804,463 273,030 Percentage 42.8% 34.0% 11.5% Swing 15.0 pp 8.8 pp 2.2 pp   Fourth party   Leader Vicente González Lizondo Party UV–FICVA–CCV Leader since 1995 Leader's seat Valencia Last election 7 seats, 10.4% Seats won 5 Seat change 2 Popular vote 165,956 Percentage 7.0% Swing 3.4 pp
Constituency results map for the Corts Valencianes
President before election Joan Lerma PSOE Elected President Eduardo Zaplana PP

As a result of the election, the People's Party (PP) increased its vote share by 15 percentage points relative to the 1991 Courts elections. For the first time, the PP had won a regional election, becoming the first party to poll more than 1 million votes in the area and gaining eleven seats, 3 short of an absolute majority. Most of the gains came from Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), which lost 13 seats in the election. The regionalist Valencian Union (UV) also lost 1 seat, while United Left (IU) gained 4 seats to overtake UV as the third largest party.

A coalition agreement between the PP and UV was able to force the PSOE out from the Valencian Government after 12 years of Socialist rule. Eduardo Zaplana, the People's Party's candidate, became the second democratically elected President of the autonomous community

Overview

Background

After 12 years of consecutive Socialist governments both in the Spanish national government and in the Valencian Community, the People's Party (PP) had managed to greatly increase its support from 1992–93, mostly at the cost of what remained of the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS). In the 1993 general election, the PP had already increased its vote share from 27.0% in 1989 to 40.5% and had overtaken the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the region for the first time. The party had also seen a dramatical rise in the 1994 European Parliament election, rising to 44.2% from 22.8% in 1989.

United Left (IU) had gained ground at the expense of the PSOE and in both the 1993 general and 1994 EP elections had polled more than 10% for the first time since the 1970s. After peaking in the 1991 Courts and local elections, the right-wing regional party Valencian Union (UV) had begun to lose ground in the 1993 and 1994 elections.

Population's weariness of PSOE's prolonged stay in power, economic crisis as well as the eruption of numerous corruption scandals at the national level had weakened the PSOE in the region to the point it was facing the possibility of a severe defeat for the first time in a decade. Joan Lerma's management of a wildfire crisis in the summer of 1994 came under heavy criticism, after the fire had resulted in the burning of 16% of the region's forest area.[1]

Electoral system

The Corts Valencianes were the devolved, unicameral legislature of the Valencian autonomous community, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Valencian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Government.[2] Voting for the Corts was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Valencian Community and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 89 members of the Corts Valencianes were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 5 percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Alicante, Castellón and Valencia. Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of 20 seats, with the remaining 29 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations on the condition that the seat to population ratio in any given province did not exceed three times that of any other.[2][3]

The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[3][4][5]

Election date

The term of the Corts Valencianes expired four years after the date of their previous election. Elections to the Corts were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 26 May 1991, setting the election date for the Corts on Sunday, 28 May 1995.[2][3][4][5]

The Corts Valencianes could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament.[2]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 45 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Corts Valencianes.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout					Lead
1995 regional election	28 May 1995	N/A	76.0	34.0 32	42.8 42	7.0 5	11.5 10	8.8
Eco Consulting/RTVE[p 1]	28 May 1995	?	?	31.3 30/31	43.5 42/45	6.5 3/5	15.0 9/12	12.2
Emer–GfK/Levante-EMV[p 2]	21 May 1995	?	?	? 32/34	? 42/45	? 0/4	? 10/11	?
Gesfono/Las Provincias[p 2][p 3]	10–15 May 1995	?	?	30.1 28/31	46.0 43/46	6.0 3/4	13.2 11/12	15.9
Demoscopia/El País[p 4][p 5][p 6][p 7]	10–15 May 1995	1,200	?	29.1 29	44.0 43	6.6 6	13.3 11	14.9
CIS[p 8][p 9]	24 Apr–10 May 1995	1,598	72.3	30.7	46.5	6.7	10.9	15.8
Perfiles[p 2]	7 May 1995	?	?	? 32/34	? 42/45	? 0/4	? 10/11	?
Gesfono/Las Provincias[p 2]	30 Apr 1995	?	?	30.1 29/30	45.2 43/44	6.2 4	13.5 12	15.1
1994 EP election	12 Jun 1994	N/A	65.0	30.5 29	44.2 45	5.3 3	13.9 12	13.7
1993 general election	6 Jun 1993	N/A	81.7	38.4 39	40.5 41	4.6 0	10.5 9	2.1
1991 regional election	26 May 1991	N/A	69.2	42.8 45	27.8 31	10.4 7	7.5 6	15.0

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 28 May 1995 Corts Valencianes election results →

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	1,013,859	42.83	+15.01	42	+11
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	804,463	33.98	–8.87	32	–13
	United Left–The Greens (EU–EV)^1	273,030	11.53	+2.24	10	+4
	Valencian Union–Independents–Centrists (UV–FICVA–CCV)	165,956	7.01	–3.35	5	–2
	Valencian People's Union–Nationalist Bloc (UPV–BN)	64,253	2.71	–0.97	0	±0
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	5,480	0.23	–3.58	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	3,772	0.16	+0.02	0	±0
	United Alicante (AU)	2,894	0.12	New	0	±0
	Autonomist Republican Party (PRA)	2,232	0.09	New	0	±0
	Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV)^2	1,861	0.08	–0.03	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)	1,762	0.07	New	0	±0
	Platform of Independents of Spain (PIE)	1,659	0.07	New	0	±0
	Humanist Platform (PH–LE)	773	0.03	New	0	±0
	Spanish Autonomous League (LAE)	542	0.02	New	0	±0
Blank ballots		24,864	1.05	+0.02
Total		2,367,400			89	±0
Valid votes		2,367,400	99.44	±0.00
Invalid votes		13,214	0.56	±0.00
Votes cast / turnout		2,380,614	76.03	+6.79
Abstentions		750,577	23.97	–6.79
Registered voters		3,131,191
Sources[6][7][8]

Popular vote PP   42.83% PSOE   33.98% EU–EV   11.53% UV–FICVA–CCV   7.01% UPV–BN   2.71% Others   0.89% Blank ballots   1.05%

Seats PP   47.19% PSOE   35.96% EU–EV   11.24% UV–FICVA–CCV   5.62%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	PP		PSOE		EU–EV		UV–FI–C
	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Alicante	46.7	15	36.0	12	10.9	3	2.1	−
Castellón	45.6	11	35.6	8	8.2	2	4.4	1
Valencia	40.1	16	32.5	12	12.6	5	10.3	4
Total	42.8	42	34.0	32	11.5	10	7.0	5
Sources[7][8]

Aftermath

Investiture
Candidate		Ballot →		30 June 1995
		Required majority →		45 out of 89
	Eduardo Zaplana (PP)		Yes • PP (42) • UV (5)	47 / 89	Y
			No • PSOE (32) • EU–EV (10)	42 / 89
			Abstentions	0 / 89
			Absentees	0 / 89
	Joan Lerma (PSOE)	Cancelled
	Albert Taberner (EU–EV)	Cancelled
Sources[8]

Notes

1. Aggregated data for EUPV and LV in the 1991 election.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "El PP se impuso en diez comunidades". Diario de Navarra (in Spanish). 29 May 1995.
2. "Corts. Anuario de Derecho parlamentario" (PDF). Corts Valencianes (in Spanish). 1996.
3. "Los sondeos predicen una amplia victoria del PP en las autonómicas". Diario de Navarra (in Spanish). 22 May 1995.
4. "El PP será la fuerza más votada en 12 comunidades". El País (in Spanish). 20 May 1995.
5. "Lerma cede el testigo". El País (in Spanish). 20 May 1995.
6. "Mañana, previsiones para las municipales". El País (in Spanish). 20 May 1995.
7. "El PP gana en doce autonomías y el PSOE sólo en Extremadura, según un sondeo". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 21 May 1995.
8. "Preelectoral Autonómicas Comunidad Valenciana (Estudio nº 2167. Abril-Mayo 1995)". CIS (in Spanish). 10 May 1995.
9. "Estudio CIS nº 2167. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 10 May 1995.

Other

1. "The summer in which the Community burned" (in Spanish). Las Provincias. 2009-08-10.
2. "Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community of 1982". Organic Law No. 1 of 1 July 1982. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2017.
3. "Valencian Electoral Law of 1987". Law No. 2 of 31 March 1987. Official Journal of the Valencian Community (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2017.
4. "General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
5. "Representation of the people Institutional Act". www.juntaelectoralcentral.es. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
6. "Electoral Results. Electoral Data - Regional Election: 1995". www.cortsvalencianes.es (in Spanish). Valencian Government. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
7. "Corts Valencianes election results, 28 May 1995" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of the Valencian Community. 22 June 1995. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
8. "Corts Valencianes elections since 1983". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 30 September 2017.