1991 in spaceflight (January–June)

This is a list of spaceflights launched between January and June 1991. For launches between July and December, see 1991 in spaceflight (July–December). For an overview of the whole year, see 1991 in spaceflight.

Launches

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket	Flight number	Launch site		LSP
	Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
	Remarks
January
8 January 00:53:01	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral SLC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
8 January 00:53:01	NATO-4A	NATO	Geosynchronous	Communication	In orbit	Successful
14 January 14:50:27	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		RVSN
14 January 14:50:27	Progress M-6	MOM	Low Earth, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	15 March 1991	Successful
15 January 23:10:49	Ariane 4 (44L)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	Italsat 1	ASI	Geostationary	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Eutelsat 2F2	Eutelsat	Geostationary	Communication	In orbit	Successful
17 January 10:30	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16/2		RVSN
17 January 10:30	Kosmos 2121 (Zenit-8)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	10 February 1991	Successful
17 January	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	17 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
18 January 11:34	Tsyklon-2		Baikonur		RVSN
18 January 11:34	Kosmos 2122 (US-P)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Naval Reconnaissance	28 March 1993	Successful
19 January	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	19 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	19 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	19 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 January 18:43	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	20 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	20 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January 08:29	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	21 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	21 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January 09:42	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	21 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 January 19:18	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Al Jubayl	21 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January 00:41	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	22 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	22 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	22 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at US Air Force base, intercepted by Patriot ABM, warhead fell on a civilian neighbourhood.
22 January 04:10	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	22 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	22 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	22 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at US Air Force base. Intercepted by Patriot ABM, but still hit target.
22 January	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	22 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 January	Zhinui		Haikou		CALT
		CALT	Sub-orbital	Test flight	22 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
23 January 19:54	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	23 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	23 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	23 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 January 19:23	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	25 January 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	25 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, hit Saudi Department of Interior.
25 January	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	25 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January 00:28	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	26 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January 06:25	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
		NASA / JHU	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet Astronomy	26 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 January 19:46	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	26 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 January	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	26 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
28 January 17:55	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	28 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at downtown Riyadh, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris damaged a farm.
28 January 18:24:24	ERIS		Meck Island, Kwajalein Atoll		US Air Force
	ERIS	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Interceptor test	28 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi) Intercepted Aries rocket
28 January 18:03:00	Minuteman IB		Vandenberg LF-03		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Target	28 January 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
29 January 11:59:58	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN
29 January 11:59:58	Informator-1	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
February
2 February, 21:41	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	2 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
2 February	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	2 February 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	2 February 1991	Successful
5 February 02:36	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN
5 February 02:36	Kosmos 2123 (Tsikada)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
6 February 07:29	LCLV		Wallops Island		Orbital Sciences
		NRL	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 510 kilometres (320 mi)
6 February 17:30	MR-12		Kapustin Yar		MO SSSR
		MO SSSR	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	6 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
7 February 08:15	RT-2PM Topol		Plesetsk		RVSN
		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test spacecraft	7 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
7 February 18:15	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16		RVSN
7 February 18:15	Kosmos 2124 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth		7 April 1991	Successful
7 February 22:54	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
7 February 22:54	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	7 February 1991	Successful
11 February 19:20	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	11 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
11 February	Prithvi		Sriharikota		DRDL
		DRDL	Sub-orbital	Test spacecraft	11 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
12 February 02:44	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN
	Kosmos 2125 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2126 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2127 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2128 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2129 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2130 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2131 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2132 (Strela-1M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
12 February 03:29	S-520		Andøya		ISAS
		ISAS	Sub-orbital	Auroral	12 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 353 kilometres (219 mi)
12 February 09:11:54	Black Brant XII		Poker Flat		NASA
	TOPAZ-3	NASA	Sub-orbital	Plasma research	12 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 February 08:45	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	14 February 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Hafir Al Batin	14 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi), hit King Khalid Military City.
14 February 08:31:56	Proton-K / DM-2		Baikonur Site 200/39		RVSN
14 February 08:31:56	Kosmos 2133 (Prognoz)	MOM	Geosynchronous	Missile defence	In orbit	Successful
15 February 09:30	Soyuz-U		Baikonur		RVSN
15 February 09:30	Kosmos 2134 (Yantar-1KFT)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	1 April 1991	Successful
15 February 15:19	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/3		RVSN
15 February 15:19	Molniya-1-80	MOM	Molniya	Communication	In orbit	Successful
15 February 23:01	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Al Jubayl	15 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
16 February 13:00	S-520		Kagoshima LA-K		ISAS
		ISAS	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet Astronomy	16 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 337 kilometres (209 mi)
18 February 14:30	Strypi-XI		Barking Sands LC-1		SDIO
	Bow Shock 2	SDIO	Sub-orbital	Reentry Test	18 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)
21 February 14:06	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	21 February 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	21 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February 18:00	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack King Khalid Military City	21 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
21 February 23:31	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Bahrain	21 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
22 February 19:46	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
		NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar research	22 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
23 February 01:59	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 February 1991	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	23 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February 01:32	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	24 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Aimed at Coalition headquarters, intercepted by Patriot ABM, debris fell on a school.
24 February 06:23	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	24 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February 09:17	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Riyadh	24 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
24 February	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	24 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 February 17:32	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Dhahran	25 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) Hit US Army barracks, killing 28 and injuring 110.
25 February 22:26	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Qatar	25 February 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 February 04:53:06	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN
26 February 04:53:06	Kosmos 2135 (Parus)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
28 February 05:30:00	Proton-K / DM-2		Baikonur Site 81/23		RVSN
28 February 05:30:00		MOM	Geostationary	Communication	In orbit	Successful
February	Al Hussein		Iraq		IQAF
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	Within an hour of launch	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	Within an hour of launch	Successful
	High Explosive warhead	IQAF	Sub-orbital	Attack Israel	Within an hour of launch	Successful
	Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
March
2 March 23:36:00	Ariane 4 (44LP)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
	Astra 1B	SES Astra	Geosynchronous	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Meteosat 5	ESA / EUMETSAT	Geosynchronous	Weather	In orbit	Successful
6 March 15:30	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16		RVSN
6 March 15:30	Kosmos 2136 (Zenit-8)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	20 March 1991	Successful
8 March 12:03	Titan IVA (403A)		Vandenberg SLC-4E		US Air Force
	USA-69 (Lacrosse-2)	NRO	Low Earth	Radar Reconnaissance	In orbit	Successful
	First Titan IV launch from Vandenberg AFB Was one of the oldest operational reconnaissance satellite till 2008.
8 March 23:03	Delta II (6925)		Cape Canaveral SLC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
8 March 23:03	Inmarsat 2F2	Inmarsat	Geosynchronous	Communication	In orbit	Successful
12 March 19:29:04	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN
12 March 19:29:04	Nadezhda-3	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
12 March	LGM-118 Peacekeeper		Vandenberg LF-02		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	12 March 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 March 10:15	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	SXT	NASA / University of Colorado, Boulder	Sub-orbital	X-ray astronomy	18 March 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
19 March 13:05:15	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		RVSN
19 March 13:05:15	Progress M-7	MOM	Low Earth, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	7 May 1991	Successful
19 March 14:30	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 132/1		RVSN
19 March 14:30	Kosmos 2137 (Taifun-1)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Radar calibration	3 April 1995	Successful
19 March	UGM-96 Trident I (Trident C-4)		Submarine, WTR		US Navy
		US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	19 March 1991	Successful
		US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	19 March 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
22 March 12:19:59	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN
22 March 12:19:59	Molniya-3-55L	MOM	Molniya	Communication	In orbit	Successful
23 March 07:00	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	MAMA	NASA	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet Astronomy	23 March 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 March 13:45	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 16		RVSN
26 March 13:45	Kosmos 2138 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	24 May 1991	Successful
30 March 02:27	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
		NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	30 March 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
31 March 15:12:00	Proton-K		Baikonur Site 200/40		RVSN
31 March 15:12:00	Almaz-1	MOM	Low Earth	Radar reconnaissance	17 October 1992	Successful
April
4 April 10:47:12	Proton-K / DM-2		Baikonur Site 200/39		RVSN
	Kosmos 2139 (GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2140 (GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2141 (GLONASS)	MOM	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
4 April 23:33:00	Ariane 4 (44P)		Kourou ELA-2		Arianespace
4 April 23:33:00	Anik E2	Telesat	Geosynchronous	Communication	In orbit	Successful
5 April 14:22:45	Space Shuttle Atlantis		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-37	NASA	Low Earth	Manned orbital flight	11 April 1991	Successful
	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)	NASA	Low Earth	Gamma ray astronomy	4 June 2000	Successful
5 April 14:05	RT-2PM Topol		Plesetsk		RVSN
		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test spacecraft	5 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
9 April 17:50	Skylark 7		Esrange LA-S		DLR
	SISSI-4	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 245 kilometres (152 mi)
9 April 18:18	Viper 3A		Esrange		DLR
	PMSE	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
9 April 19:20	Viper 3A		Esrange		DLR
	PMSE	DLR	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	9 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 110 kilometres (68 mi)
12 April	HPB		Wallops Island		Orbital Sciences
		Orbital Sciences	Sub-orbital	Target	12 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)
13 April 00:09	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral SLC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
13 April 00:09	Spacenet 4	GE Americom	Geostationary	Communication	In orbit	Successful
15 April 22:10	UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5)		USS West Virginia, ETR		US Navy
	DASO-6	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	15 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 April 07:21:42	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 132/1		RVSN
16 April 07:21:42	Kosmos 2142 (Parus)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
17 April 07:46	Black Brant 10CM1		Wallops Island		SDIO
	SPFE-2	SDIO	Sub-orbital	Technology demonstration	17 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
18 April 18:33	MGM-134 Midgetman		Vandenberg TP-01		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Test spacecraft	18 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
18 April 23:30	Atlas I		Cape Canaveral LC-36B		General Dynamics
	Yuri 3H	General Dynamics	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communication	T+361 seconds	Failure
	Destroyed by RSO after upper stage turbopump malfunction Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi)
24 April 01:37:00	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		RVSN
24 April 01:37:00	Meteor-3-4	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Weather	In orbit	Successful
25 April 18:00	Nike Orion		Poker Flat		NASA
	CWAS-19	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	25 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
28 April 11:33:14	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-39	NASA	Low Earth	Manned orbital flight	6 May 1991	Successful
	IBSS-SPAS	SDIO	Low Earth	Scientific research	6 May 1991	Successful
	USA-70 (MPEC)	DARPA	Low Earth	Technology	13 May 1991	Successful
	CRO-C	SDIO	Low Earth	Chemical release	14 May 1991	Successful
	CRO-B	SDIO	Low Earth	Chemical release	12 May 1991	Successful
	CRO-A	SDIO	Low Earth	Chemical release	13 May 1991	Successful
29 April	Sonda-3		Barreira do Inferno		IAE
		INPE	Sub-orbital	Ionosphere	29 April 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 441 kilometres (274 mi)
30 April 19:19	Nike Orion		Poker Flat		NASA
	CWAS-20	NASA	Sub-orbital	Aeronomy	30 April 1991	Failure
	Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
May
4 May 04:10	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	JASPR-I	NASA	Sub-orbital	Ultraviolet Astronomy	4 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
7 May 18:05	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	SERTS-4	NASA	Sub-orbital	Solar research	7 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
8 May 03:54:00	Maxus		Esrange		SSC
		SSC	Sub-orbital	Microgravity	8 May 1991	Failure
	Apogee: 157 kilometres (98 mi)
10 May	UGM-96 Trident I (Trident C-4)		USS Mariano G. Vallejo, ETR		US Navy
	FCET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	10 May 1991	Successful
	FCET	US Navy	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	10 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
11 May 20:40	Minuteman IB		Vandenberg LF-03		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Target	11 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) Interceptor launch scrubbed
13 May 19:03	Black Brant IX		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	MSSTA-I	NASA	Sub-orbital	X-ray astronomy	13 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 230 kilometres (140 mi)
14 May 15:52:03	Atlas-E		Vandenberg SLC-3W		US Air Force
14 May 15:52:03	NOAA-12	NOAA	Low Earth (SSO)	Weather	In orbit	Successful
16 May 21:40	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		RVSN
	Kosmos 2143 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2144 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2145 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2146 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2147 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
	Kosmos 2148 (Strela-3)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
18 May 12:50:28	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		RVSN
18 May 12:50:28	Soyuz TM-12	MOM	Low Earth, docked to Mir	Manned orbital flight	10 October 1991	Successful
20 May 07:30	Aries		White Sands LC-36		NASA
	SXT (XOGS)	NASA	Sub-orbital	X-ray astronomy	20 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
21 May 09:00:00	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN
21 May 09:00:00	Resurs-F-10	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	20 June 1991	Successful
24 May 15:29	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 43/3		RVSN
24 May 15:29	Kosmos 2149 (Yantar-4K2)	MOM	Low Earth	Reconnaissance	4 July 1991	Successful
28 May 12:05	R-36MUTTH (SS-18 Mod 4)		Baikonur		RVSN
		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	28 May 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
29 May 22:55	Delta II (7925)		Cape Canaveral SLC-17B		McDonnell Douglas
29 May 22:55	Aurora 2	GE Alascom	Geostationary	Communication	In orbit	Successful
30 May 08:04:03	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5		RVSN
30 May 08:04:03	Progress M-8	MOM	Low Earth, docked to Mir	Resupply Mir	16 August 1991	Successful
May	Hwasong 6		Qom		DPRK
		DPRK	Sub-orbital	Test spacecraft	Within an hour of launch	Successful
	Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
June
4 June 08:10:00	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk Site 32/2		RVSN
4 June 08:10:00	Okean-3	MOM	Low Earth	Oceanography	In orbit	Successful
5 June 13:24:51	Space Shuttle Columbia		Kennedy LC-39B		United Space Alliance
	STS-40	NASA	Low Earth	Manned orbital flight	14 June 1991	Successful
	SLS-1 (Spacelab)	ESA / NASA	Low Earth	Biological research	In orbit	Successful
11 June 05:41	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 133/3		RVSN
11 June 05:41	Kosmos 2150 (Strela-2M)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	Communication	In orbit	Successful
11 June 17:47	LGM-118 Peacekeeper		Vandenberg LF-08		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	11 June 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
13 June 15:41	Tsyklon-3		Plesetsk		RVSN
13 June 15:41	Kosmos 2151 (Tselina-R)	MO SSSR	Low Earth	ELINT	In orbit	Successful
18 June 09:09	Molniya-M		Plesetsk Site 43/4		RVSN
18 June 09:09	Molniya-1-81	MOM	Molniya	Communication	In orbit	Successful
18 June 11:34	Prospector		Cape Canaveral LC-20		Orbital Sciences
		Orbital Sciences	Sub-orbital	Microgravity	18 June 1991	Failure
	Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
21 June	Minuteman IB		Vandenberg LF-03		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Re-entry vehicle test	21 June 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
24 June	SSBS S3		Biscarrosse BLB		DMA
		DMA	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	24 June 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 June 17:00	RT-2PM Topol		Plesetsk		RVSN
		RVSN	Sub-orbital	Test spacecraft	25 June 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 June	Kosmos-3M		Plesetsk Site 132/1		RVSN
	Taifun-2-28	MO SSSR	Intended: Low Earth	Radar calibration	25 June 1991	Failure
	Second stage malfunction
26 June 02:39	Minuteman III		Vandenberg LF-26		US Air Force
	GT-144GB	US Air Force	Sub-orbital	Operational test flight	26 June 1991	Successful
	Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
28 June 08:09:59	Soyuz-U		Plesetsk Site 43/3		RVSN
28 June 08:09:59	Resurs-F-11	MOM	Low Earth	Remote sensing	21 July 1991	Successful
29 June 14:00	Scout G-1		Vandenberg SLC-5		NASA
29 June 14:00	REX-1 (P89-1A / ISES)	US Air Force / STP	Low Earth (Polar)	Technology demonstration	In orbit	Successful

gollark: Yes, the loss of which was also bad, except this will be worse.

gollark: * is

gollark: Luckily the UK is brexiting. Unluckily the UK is brexiting.

gollark: Luckily the UK is brexiting.

gollark: Also I think the "link tax" bit will be problematic if it passes.

References

Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
"ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
"NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
"Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
"Space Information Center". JAXA.
"Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Footnotes

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1991 in spaceflight (January–June)

Launches

January

February

March

April

May

June

References

Footnotes