1896 Michigan Wolverines football team

The 1896 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1896 Western Conference football season. In its first and only season under head coach William Ward, the team compiled a 9–1 record (2–1 against conference opponents), tied for second place in the Western Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 262 to 11.[1][2]

1896 Michigan Wolverines football
ConferenceWestern Conference
1896 record9–1 (2–1 Western)
Head coachWilliam Ward (1st season)
CaptainHenry M. Senter
Home stadiumRegents Field
1896 Western Conference football standings
Conf  Overall
TeamW L T  W L T
Wisconsin $ 2 –0 –1  7 –1 –1
Michigan 2 –1 –0  9 –1 –0
Northwestern 2 –1 –1  6 –1 –2
Chicago 3 –2 –0  15 –2 –1
Minnesota 1 –2 –0  8 –2 –0
Illinois 0 –2 –1  4 –2 –1
Purdue 0 –2 –1  4 –2 –1
  • $ – Conference champion

The team started the season with nine consecutive wins in which the Wolverines shut out eight opponents and outscored their opponents by a total of 256 to 4. In the final game of the season, played on Thanksgiving Day at the Chicago Coliseum, the team lost a close game to Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons by a score of 7–6. The 1896 Chicago–Michigan rivalry game was the first college football game played indoors, and the last portion of the game was also played under electric lights.

End Henry M. Senter was the team captain. Halfback Gustave Ferbert was the team's leading scorer with 56 points on six touchdowns (four points each) and 16 kicks for goal from touchdown (two points each). Tackle Frederick "Pa" Henninger led the team in touchdowns with nine. Tackle Frank Villa and halfback Hazen Pingree Jr. (whose father Hazen S. Pingree was elected Governor of Michigan during the football season) scored seven touchdowns each.

Schedule
DateOpponentSiteResultAttendance
October 3Michigan State Normal*
W 18–0
October 10Grand Rapids*
  • Regents Field
  • Ann Arbor, MI
W 44–0
October 15Physicians & Surgeons*
  • Regents Field
  • Ann Arbor, MI
W 28–0
October 17Lake Forest*
  • Regents Field
  • Ann Arbor, MI
W 66–0
October 24at Purdue
W 16–02,000
October 31Lehigh*
  • Detroit Athletic Club Park
  • Detroit, MI
W 40–02,000–3,000
November 7at Minnesota
W 6–45,000
November 14Oberlin*
  • Regents Field
  • Ann Arbor, MI
W 10–01,000
November 21Wittenberg*
  • Regents Field
  • Ann Arbor, MI
W 28–0
November 26at Chicago
L 6–715,000–20,000
  • *Non-conference game

Season summary

Pre-season
William Ward

Before the 1896 football season took the field, two developments occurred. First, Michigan joined the Western Inter-collegiate Athletic Conference (later renamed the Big Ten Conference). The 1896 season was the first for Michigan in conference play.[3] Michigan's three conference games in 1896 were against Purdue, Minnesota and Chicago. Second, William McCauley, who had led Michigan to a 17–2–1 record in two seasons as coach, resigned as Michigan's football coach. Princeton graduate, William Ward, was hired to replace McCauley. Before leaving Ann Arbor in November 1896, McCauley assisted Ward in coaching the 1896 team.[3]

Michigan conducted tryouts for the 1896 football team at Sand Beach. The Michiganensian for 1897 reported on the group appearing for try-outs as follows: "Never before had the Athletic field been so teeming with aspirants for foot-ball honors."[4]

Game 1: Michigan State Normal
Michigan State Normal at Michigan
1 2Total
Michigan State Normal 0 0 0
• Michigan 12 6 18

On October 3, 1896, Michigan defeated Michigan State Normal (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) by an 18–0 score at Regents Field in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Fletcher scored Michigan's first touchdown after 10 minutes. Hazen Pingree Jr. scored the second touchdown on an end run. William Caley kicked both goals from touchdown. Michigan led, 12–0, at halftime. In the second half, Michigan scored on a safety. Several minutes later, Henninger scored a touchdown on a three-yard run, but missed the kick for goal.[5]

Game 2: Grand Rapids
Grand Rapids at Michigan
1 2Total
Grand Rapids 0 0 0
• Michigan 20 24 44

On October 10, 1896, Michigan defeated a Grand Rapids team by a 44–0 at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The Grand Rapids team was made up of high school men with the exception of McPhearson, who was the coach and played left end. The game was played in halves of 20 and 10 minutes. Frederick W. Henninger scored a touchdown after two minutes of play, but the kick for goal was missed. Three minutes later, Frank Villa scored Michigan's second touchdown, and the goal was again missed. At the 11-and-a-half minute mark, Villa scored Michigan's third touchdown, and William Caley kicked the goal. Hazen Pingree Jr. scored the fourth touchdown on a run around left end for more than 60 yards. Caley again kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 20-0, at halftime. In the second half, Michigan scored four touchdowns in 10 minutes. Michigan's second half touchdowns were scored by Henninger, Pingree, Palmer, and Thad Farnham. Charles Steele kicked all four goals from touchdown in the second half.[6]

Game 3: Physicians & Surgeons
Physicians & Surgeons at Michigan
1 2Total
Physicians & Surgeons 0 0 0
• Michigan 12 16 28

On Thursday, October 15, 1896, Michigan defeated the Chicago College of Physicians and Surgeons by a 28–0 score at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. The game was played in 15-minute halves. Villa scored Michigan's first touchdown on a 10-yard run, and Steele kicked the goal. Ferbert scored the second touchdown on a 20-yard run, Steele again kicked the goal, and Michigan led, 12-0, at halftime. Pingree scored Michigan's third touchdown six minutes into the second half. Pingree scored the fourth touchdown, and Hogg's kick for goal failed. Villa scored Michigan's fifth and final touchdown, and Hogg kicked the goal.[7]

Game 4: Lake Forest
Lake Forest at Michigan
1 2Total
Lake Forest 0 0 0
• Michigan 26 40 66

On October 17, 1896, Michigan defeated the team from Lake Forest College by a 66–0 at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan scored 13 touchdowns in the game: three by Gustave Ferbert, three by Edwin H. Gordon, three by Frederick W. Henninger, two by Frank Villa, and one each by Charles Juttner and Norwood Ayres. Ferbert kicked seven goals from touchdown. The game was played in halves of 25 and 15 minutes. Michigan scored 40 points in the 15-minute second half.[8]

Game 5: at Purdue
Michigan at Purdue
1 2Total
• Michigan 6 10 16
Purdue 0 0 0
  • Date: October 24
  • Location: Stuart Field, West Lafayette, IN
  • Game attendance: 2,000

On October 24, 1896, Michigan defeated Purdue by a 16–0 score before a crowd of 2,000 at Stuart Field in West Lafayette, Indiana. Villa scored Michigan's first touchdown, and Ferbert kicked the goal to give Michigan a 6-0 lead at halftime. In the second half, Hogg scored a touchdown, but the kick for goal missed, and Michigan led, 10-0. Late in the game, Caley scored a third touchdown for Michigan, and Ferbert kicked the goal to extend Michigan's lead to 16-0.[9]

When the Michigan football team arrived at the Ann Arbor railway station on Sunday afternoon following the Purdue game, the players were cheered by a large crowd. The team was also greeted with red fire by Sid Millard.[10]

Game 6: vs. Lehigh
Lehigh at Michigan
1 2Total
Lehigh 0 0 0
• Michigan 12 28 40

On October 31, 1896, Michigan defeated Lehigh by a 40–0 score. The game, played in 30-minute halves, was watched by a crowd of between 2,000 and 3,000 spectators at the Detroit Athletic Club's field in Detroit. Michigan scored seven touchdowns: four by James Hogg, two by Gustave Ferbert, and one by Frederick W. Henninger. Ferbert also kicked five goals from touchdown. Michigan also scored on a safety.[11][12]

During the 60 minutes of play, the ball was in Lehigh's possession "not more than ten minutes," and most of that was in the first half. One newspaper account stated that "the Eastern boys were outclassed from start to finish."[13] The same report noted: "The team play of the University of Michigan was excellent and the interference as good as has ever been seen in this city.[13]

No other team defeated Lehigh so soundly. National champion Princeton scored only 16 points against Lehigh; Penn was held to 34 points; and Navy scored only 24.[14] Because Lehigh played the top teams in the east, Michigan's large margin of victory was seen as important in measuring Michigan's standing. The 1897 Michiganensian noted: "This was the only contest with an eastern team and furnished some basis for comparison. . . . Comparison with the eastern leaders was necessarily indirect, but it can conservatively be said that at this time Michigan was playing in much the same form as the great eastern quartette."[15]

Game 7: at Minnesota
Minnesota at Michigan
1 2Total
• Minnesota 0 6 6
Michigan 0 4 4

On November 7, 1896, Michigan won by a 6–4 score over previously undefeated Minnesota. The game was played in 35-minute halves before 5,000 spectators at old Athletic Park in Minneapolis.[16] Right end Loomis Hutchinson of Michigan scored in the first half, but he was ruled offside and the touchdown was disallowed. After a scoreless first half, Michigan fullback Ignatius M. Duffy was pushed over for a touchdown in the second half, and Gustave Ferbert kicked the goal from touchdown.[17] Michigan fans in the bleachers celebrated Duffy's touchdown with cowbells. Shortly thereafter, Minnesota scored a touchdown, but the score came at the far corner of the field where a straight kick for the goal after touchdown was impossible. Accordingly, Minnesota attempted a double kick, kicking the ball first to the fullback Loomis. Loomis caught the ball so close to the goal posts that his kick for goal "was easily stopped by Michigan players."[18]

Game 8: Oberlin
Oberlin at Michigan
1 2Total
Oberlin 0 0 0
• Michigan 10 40 50
  • Date: November 14
  • Location: Regents Field, Ann Arbor, MI
  • Game attendance: 1,000

On November 14, 1896, Michigan defeated Oberlin by a 10–0 score at Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Oberlin was offside on the kickoff, giving Michigan the ball at midfield. Fullback Ignatius M. Duffy scored Michigan's first touchdown, and right halfback William Caley kicked the goal to give Michigan a 6-0 lead. Later in the first half, right tackle Frederick W. Henninger was pushed over the goal line for Michigan's second touchdown, and Caley missed the kick for goal. Neither team scored in the second half.[19] The World of New York reported that the game was seen by 1,000 persons and added: "Michigan put a substitute team against Oberlin to-day and won by making two touchdowns in the first half. Oberlin forced the fighting towards the end of the game."[20]

Game 9: Wittenberg
Wittenberg at Michigan
1 2Total
Wittenberg 0 0 0
• Michigan 18 10 28

On November 21, 1896, Michigan played the team from Wittenberg College, prevailing by a 28–0 score. The game was played on a mud-covered Regents Field in Ann Arbor. Michigan scored six touchdowns: three by right halfback William Caley, two by left halfback Hazen Pingree Jr., and one by right end George Greenleaf. Caley and left tackle Frank Villa each kicked one goal from touchdown. The game was played in halves of 20 and 15 minutes.[21][22]

Through the first nine games, Michigan was undefeated and had scored 256 points, shut out eight opponents, and given up a total of four points.

Game 10: at Chicago
Michigan at Chicago
1 2Total
Chicago 0 6 6
• Michigan 7 0 7

On Thanksgiving Day, November 26, 1896, Michigan lost, 7–6, to Chicago before a crowd of between 15,000 and 20,000 persons at the Chicago Coliseum in Chicago. If Michigan had won, it would have been the Western Conference champion. The game featured "few trick plays," as both teams relied on "straight, hard football."[23] Hazen Pingree, Jr. was the star of the game for Michigan, as one newspaper reported that Pingree's effort "in the first half was the 'whole thing,' the plucky little fellow seldom failing to make the required distance."[23] Pingree was unable to play in the second half, and Gustave Ferbert took over in the second half and "was equally effective."[23]

Chicago's scoring came on a blocked punt resulting in a safety and a drop kicked field goal (worth five points under the rules at the time) by Clarence Herschberger from the 45–yard line. Michigan's sole touchdown came in the second half when Henninger was pushed across the goal line from the two-yard line, and Ferbert kicked the goal[24] Michigan later drove the ball to Chicago's 15–yard line, but Michigan fumbled and Chicago recovered the ball.[24][25]

The Michiganensian described the defeat as follows:

"There had been every reason to expect a victory from Chicago. Michigan had played strong and consistent foot ball throughout her schedule – Chicago had been erratic and unsteady. But there is certainly no sport more full of surprises than foot-ball, and the Thanksgiving Day contest of '96 furnished as sensational a surprise in as exciting a contest as had ever come off on a western gridiron. There was one great difference in the character of the play of the two teams. Michigan was playing her stock game of football, hard and steady, the game she could have been depended on to play at any time. Chicago seemed to have been trained and nerved to this one game. There could have been little doubt what the result of a series of contests would have been. But this one game, Chicago won by good generalship, by the most advantageous use of her greatest resource – a magnificent player in a telling place.[26]

Indoor football
Chicago Coliseum

The most unusual feature of the Michigan-Chicago game on Thanksgiving Day was that it was played indoors at the Chicago Coliseum and was "the first collegiate game of football played under a roof."[24][27] Adding to the novelty, as daylight turned to darkness, the field inside the Coliseum was lit with electric lighting.[23] According to a newspaper account, the field grew dark in the second half, and play was halted for ten minutes to discuss whether play should continue. Play was resumed, and the lights were finally turned on after Michigan scored a touchdown.[24]

The crowd was stated in varying press accounts to be either 15,000,[23] or 20,000.[24][27] Noting that the game was played in the same building "in which five months ago W. J. Bryan was nominated for the presidency," the press proclaimed the experiment in indoor football to be a success:

"One thing at least was settled by the game, and that is, that indoor football is literally and figuratively speaking a howling success. The men had no trouble in catching punts, and football was played on its merits, without the handicaps of a wet field or a strong wind. Toward the end of the second half it got very dark, and the spectators were treated to a novelty in the shape of football by electric light."[23]

Another newspaper described the novelty of indoor football as follows:

"Indoor football is an innovation, but it promises to become a permanency for late games. While the other fields about Chicago were sloppy and the players were floundering about in the seas of mud, the athletes in the Coliseum played on dry surface and secure from the elements. A two-inch layer of tan bark was placed over the hard earth, and there was no inconvenience from dust. None of the punts touched the beams overhead and spectators and players were captivated with the comfortable conditions under which the game was played. Darkness came on at 4:00 and the players were scarcely distinguishable for a time, but electric lights soon rendered each play distinct."[24]

Post-season

William Ward did not return as Michigan's football coach in 1897. Ward was a Princeton alumnus who studied medicine at Michigan. He wrote: "There are many interesting things in coaching, but there are also some drawbacks and disagreeable features, so that I was glad to be through with it, and able to give myself wholly to the study of medicine."[28] Ward became a surgeon and was a pioneer in the development of artificial vaginas.[29]

Personnel
Halfback Gustave Ferbert led the team in scoring.
Halfback Hazen Pingree's father, Hazen S. Pingree, was elected Governor of Michigan during the 1896 football season.
"Pa" Henninger, a tackle, led the team in touchdowns.

Varsity

The following players were members of Michigan's 1896 varsity football team.[30]

Scoring leaders
Player Touchdowns Goals from TD Field goals Safeties Total
Gustave Ferbert6160056
Frederick W. Henninger900036
Frank Villa710030
Hazen Pingree Jr.700028
William Caley460028
James Hogg510022
Edwin H. Gordon300012
Charles Steele060012
Ignatius M. Duffy20008
Norwood Ayres10004
Thad Farnham10004
Fletcher10004
George Greenleaf10004
Charles Juttner10004
Palmer10004
na02[34]016
Total493201262

Coaching staff
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References
  1. "1896 Football Team". University of Michigan, Bentley Historical Library. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  2. "1896 Michigan Wolverines Schedule and Results". SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  3. "University of Michigan Football Coaches: William D. Ward". University of Michigan, Bentley Historical Library.
  4. "1897 Michiganensian". University of Michigan. 1897. p. 176.
  5. "Won the Opening Game: State Normal Eleven Were Defeated Saturday 18–0". The U. of M. Daily. October 5, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  6. "Shut Out Grand Rapids: Team Work Greatly Improved -- Large Crowd Present". The U. of M. Daily. October 12, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  7. "Michigan Again Wins: Yesterday's Game Was the Best of the Season". The U. of M. Daily. October 16, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  8. "Michigan Wins Another: Lake Forest Fails to Score on the 'Varsity". The U. of M. Daily. October 19, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  9. "Purdue Defeated at Home: Michigan Shuts Out Her Old-Time Rivals". The U. of M. Daily. October 26, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  10. "Enthusiastic Welcome Home". The U. of M. Daily. October 26, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  11. "Won the Eastern Game: Lehigh Failed to Score on the Men from Michigan". The U. of M. Daily. November 2, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  12. "Won It Easily: Michigan Had No Trouble with the Lehigh Players". Detroit Free Press. November 1, 1896. pp. 6–7 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. "Michigan Scores at Will: Easily Defeats Lehigh by Score of 44 to 0". The Daily Inter Ocean. November 1, 1896.
  14. "1896 Lehigh Mountain Hawks Schedule and Results". SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  15. 1897 Michiganensian, pp. 176–177
  16. "Gave Them a Great Battle". The Minneapolis Tribune. November 8, 1896. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. "We Are Champions Still: Michigan Gave Minnesota Her First Defeat". The U. of M. Daily. November 9, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  18. "Michigan Saved By a Kick: Wins the Game with Minnesota University by a Goal". The Daily Inter Ocean. November 8, 1896.
  19. "Plenty of Excitement: Absence of Regular Players Made a Close Score". The U. of M. Daily. November 16, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  20. "Ann Arbor Wins: Michigan Easily Beats Berlin with a Substitute Team". The World (New York). November 15, 1896.
  21. "Wittenberg Outclassed: Michigan Wins Again in a Field of Mud". The U. of M. Daily. November 23, 1896. p. 1 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  22. "Michigan Whips Wittenberg: Score of 28 to 0 in Favor of the Ann Arbor Boys". The Daily Inter Ocean. November 22, 1896.
  23. "THE FOOTBALL GAMES: Results on the Gridiron From Ocean to Ocean; INDOOR GAME AT CHICAGO; The University of Chicago Defeats the University of Michigan In a Hard Contest — Games Played at Other Points". Delphos Daily Herald. November 27, 1896.
  24. "CHICAGO WINS BY A POINT: University Team Defeats Michigan for the First Time; INDOOR PLAY PROVES A SUCCESS; Coliseum Utilized and Twenty Thousand In Attendance—Herschberger of the Home Eleven Kicks His Way Into Fame". Nebraska State Journal. November 27, 1896.
  25. "Michigan vs. Chicago: Brief Report of the Thanksgiving Day Game". The U. of M. Daily. December 1, 1896. pp. 1, 3 – via Bentley Historical Library.
  26. 1897 Michiganensian, p. 177
  27. "Football Played Indoors". The New York Times. November 27, 1896.
  28. The Class of 1895, Princeton University, Decennial Record. Princeton University. 1905. p. 391.
  29. W. Douglas Ward. "The Construction of an Artificial Vagina With Establishment of the Menstrual Function". Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics.
  30. "1896 Roster". Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  31. Thaddeus Loomis Farnham, born November 5, 1874. As of 1918, he was the sales manager of Franklin Mfg. Co. in Pennsylvania.
  32. Howard C. Felver was born March 19, 1877, in Batavia, Illinois.He became a structural engineer.
  33. Hazen Stuart Pingree, Jr., was born 20 May 1877, Detroit, Michigan, died 7 May 1910, Detroit. His father was the noted mayor of Detroit and Governor of Michigan, Hazen Pingree. After graduating from Michigan, he was a shoe manufacturer.
  34. The identity of the players kicking two of the team's goals from touchdowns have not been found in game summaries.
  35. "The Football Field". Logansport Pharos. October 3, 1896.

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