1780 Tabriz earthquake

The 1780 Tabriz earthquake occurred at 01:15 local time on 8 January. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.4[2] and a maximum felt intensity of IX on the Mercalli intensity scale.[1] The city of Tabriz was almost completely destroyed. Approximately 50,000 people were killed.[1]

1780 Tabriz earthquake
Local dateJanuary 8, 1780 (1780-01-08)
Local time01:15
Magnitude7.4 Ms
Depth20 km (12 mi)[1]
Epicenter38.2°N 46.0°E / 38.2; 46.0[1]
FaultNorth Tabriz Fault
Max. intensityIX (severe)[1]
Foreshocksyes[1]
Casualties~50,000

Tectonic setting

Tabriz lies within the complex zone of collision between the Arabian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The main structures accommodating this oblique collision are west-east trending thrust faults and WNW-ESE trending dextral (right lateral) strike-slip faults. The North Tabriz Fault is an active 150 km long dextral strike-slip fault that passes close to the northern edge of Tabriz city. It has two main segments and an estimated overall slip rate of about 7 mm per year.[3] The southeastern segment is interpreted to have ruptured in the 1721 Tabriz earthquake, while the northwestern segment ruptured during the 1780 earthquake. Both events produced associated ground rupture, which is still observable. An average slip of about 4 m has been estimated for earthquakes along the northwestern segment. A recurrence interval of about 800 years has been estimated, suggesting that a major earthquake along this structure is unlikely in the next few centuries,[2] although a recurrence interval of 250–300 years has also been proposed, indicating that there is potential for a major earthquake in the relatively near future.[3]

Earthquake

The earthquake sequence started with a strong foreshock. The mainshock was felt over a large area, including at Divrigi over 700 km away. Aftershocks continued for several years, the most damaging being on 12 and 20 February. The observed surface fault break extended for 60 km. There is evidence of some vertical movement in addition to the horizontal displacement.[4]

Damage

All buildings within the city of Tabriz were reported destroyed and similar levels of damage affected many villages in the neighbouring area. The degree of destruction may in part relate to the weakening effects of the 1721 earthquake, which also caused severe damage to the city.[4]

The number of reported casualties varies from 40,000 to as many as 200,000, with 50,000 being a more likely estimate.[4]

gollark: You say that as if a response is possible.
gollark: I honestly have no idea how it'd be possible to accidentally break it like that.
gollark: Even an "isolated incident" says lots about DC's reliability.
gollark: TJ08
gollark: ???

References
  1. "1780 Tabriz earthquake". The Significant Earthquake Database. National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  2. Hessami K.; Pantosti D.; Tabassi H.; Shabanian E.; Abbassi M.R.; Feghhi K.; Solaymani S. (2003). "Paleoearthquakes and slip rates of the North Tabriz Fault, NW Iran: preliminary results" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 46 (5): 903–915. doi:10.4401/ag-3461.
  3. Djamour Y.; Vernant P.; Nankali H.R.; Tavakoli F. (2011). "NW Iran-eastern Turkey present-day kinematics: Results from the Iranian permanent GPS network" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 307 (1–2): 27–34. Bibcode:2011E&PSL.307...27D. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.029.
  4. Ambraseys N.N.; Melville C.P. (2005). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–55, 160. ISBN 9780521021876.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.