ǁXegwi language

ǁXegwi
Region	South Africa
Ethnicity	Tlou-tle
Extinct	1988, with the death of Jopi Mabinda[1]
Language family	Tuu ǃKwi ǁXegwi; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xeg
Glottolog	xegw1238[2]

ǁXegwi, also known as Batwa, is an extinct ǃKwi language spoken at Lake Chrissie in South Africa, near the Swazi border. The last known speaker, Jopi Mabinda, was murdered in 1988.[3] However, a reporter for the South African newspaper Mail & Guardian reports that ǁXegwi may still be spoken in the Chrissiesmeer district.[4]

The ǁXegwi name for their language has been spelled giǁkwi꞉gwi or kiǁkwi꞉gwi. Their name for themselves has been transcribed tlou tle or kxlou-kxle, presumably [k͡ʟ̝̊ouk͡ʟ̝̊e]. The Nguni (Zulu and Swazi) called them (a)batwa, amaNkqeshe, amaNgqwigqwi; the Sotho called them Baroa/Barwa.[5]

Phonology

ǁXegwi lost the abrupt clicks (the various manners of ǂ and ǃ) found in its relatives. It reacquired ǃ from Nguni Bantu languages, but clicks remained relatively infrequent, compared to other Tuu languages. It also had a series of uvular plosives not found in other Tuu languages.[6]

Pulmonic consonants		Bilabial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Uvular	Glottal
Pulmonic consonants		Bilabial	central	lateral	Palatal	central	lateral	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	voiced	b	d		ɟ	ɡ		ɢ
	tenuis		t			k		q	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		cʰ	kʰ	k͡ʟ̝̊ʰ	qʰ
Affricate	voiceless		ts tx	tɬ	tʃ	kx	k͡ʟ̝̊
Affricate	voiced		dz		dʒ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ɬ	ʃ	x			h
Fricative	voiced	β	z	ɮ					ɦ
Sonorant			r	l	j	w

Glottalic consonants	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Uvular
Glottalic consonants	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	central	lateral	Uvular
Plosive		tʼ	cʼ	kʷʼ		qʼ
Affricate		tsʼ	tʃʼ	kxʼ	k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ

Lingual consonants		Labial	Dental	Alveolar
Lingual consonants		Labial	Dental	central	lateral
Nasal	modal	ᵑʘ	ᵑǀ	ᵑǃ	ᵑǁ
	glottalized		ǀˀ		ǁˀ
	murmured		ᵑǀʱ		ᵑǁʱ
Plosive	voiced		ᶢǀ	ᶢǃ	ᶢǁ
Plosive	tenuis	ʘ	ǀ	ǃ	ǁ
Affricate		ʘx	ǀx	ǃx	ǁx

gollark: For labels, 20Hz.

gollark: For redstone, yes.

gollark: Labelnet could do 600B/s, though, it's way better than 20B/s from Bundlenet.

gollark: I got the basic stuff worked out ages ago, primarily just the 256→187 encoding, but I never figured out how exactly it ought to work for actual use.

gollark: > Heh.. This is as bad as using labels for communication between side touching computers.I really should work out the high level labelnet API!

References

ǁXegwi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "//Xegwi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Traill, A. "The Khoesan languages", in Mesthrie, Rajend Language in South Africa, Cambridge U.P., 2004
Davie, Kevin. "The secret pool of surviving Bushmen at Chrissiesmeer". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
Yvonne Treis, 1998, "Names of Khoisan Languages and their Variants"
Anthony Traill, 1999. Extinct South African Khoisan Languages.

External links

ǁXegwi basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[e18-1] ǁXegwi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "//Xegwi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[3] Traill, A. "The Khoesan languages", in Mesthrie, Rajend Language in South Africa, Cambridge U.P., 2004

[4] Davie, Kevin. "The secret pool of surviving Bushmen at Chrissiesmeer". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2018-03-04.

[5] Yvonne Treis, 1998, "Names of Khoisan Languages and their Variants"

[6] Anthony Traill, 1999. Extinct South African Khoisan Languages.