Remote Desktop Protocol, a protocols for accessing Windows applications remotely
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol to access graphical sessions remotely, and thus to run GUI applications remotely.
The protocol is defined by Microsoft and primarily used between Windows systems, but both clients and servers exist on other major operating systems. All versions of Windows (since XP) include an RDP client. A server is included in server-grade editions.
RDP can run over TCP or UDP. In both cases the default port is 3389. Since version 6 (supported since Windows Vista), the protocol can optionally run over TLS.
A similar protocol in the Unix world is VNC.