List of countries by research and development spending
This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.
List
Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]
Country/Region | Expenditures on R&D (billions of US$, PPP) |
% of GDP PPP | Expenditures on R&D per capita (US$ PPP) |
Year | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 553.4 | 2.19 | 388 | 2018 | [2] | |
2 | 511.1 | 2.744 | 1,586.35 | 2016 | [3] | |
3 | 165.7 | 3.147 | 1,297.39 | 2016 | [3] | |
4 | 118.8 | 2.94 | 1,450.17 | 2016 | [3] | |
5 | 91.6 | 4.292 | 1,518.47 | 2014 | [4] | |
6 | 66.5 | 0.85 | 39.37 | 2015 | [5] | |
7 | 60.0 | 2.256 | 905.8 | 2014 | [6] | |
8 | 44.8 | 1.701 | 692.9 | 2014 | [6] | |
9 | 42.6 | 1.187 | 290.21 | 2014 | [4] | |
10 | 38.4 | 1.17 | 177.89 | 2012 | [7][3][8] | |
11 | 33.7 | 3.1 | 1,383.84 | 2015 | [9][4] | |
12 | 27.4 | 1.287 | 452.14 | 2014 | [4] | |
13 | 25.7 | 1.612 | 723.5 | 2014 | [6] | |
14 | 23.3 | 2.12 | 986.86 | 2014 | [10] | |
15 | 19.2 | 1.222 | 413.46 | 2014 | [4] | |
16 | 18.6 | 4.90 | 1,973.0 | 2018 | [11] | |
17 | 16.3 | 1.973 | 967.8 | 2014 | [6] | |
18 | 15.3 | 1.007 | 198.36 | 2014 | [4] | |
19 | 14.2 | 3.161 | 1,468.1 | 2014 | [6] | |
20 | 13.1 | 2.967 | 1,647.90 | 2012 | [4] | |
21 | 12.4 | 2.465 | 1,102.9 | 2014 | [6] | |
22 | 12.4 | 1.0 | 179.89 | 2017 | [3] | |
23 | 11.9 | 3.1 | 1,416.14 | 2015 | [4] | |
24 | 11.6 | 0.935 | 301.06 | 2014 | [4][8][3] | |
25 | 10.6 | 1.3 | 344.3 | 2015 | [7] | |
26 | 10.0 | 2.186 | 1,831.7 | 2014 | [6] | |
27 | 9.0 | 0.941 | 237.57 | 2014 | [4] | |
28 | 8.2 | 3.085 | 1,450.2 | 2014 | [6] | |
29 | 7.2 | 3.174 | 1,318.0 | 2014 | [6] | |
30 | 6.3 | 1.997 | 600.04 | 2014 | [4] | |
31 | 6.2 | 0.68 | 73.18 | 2013 | [7] | |
32 | 6.1 | 0.818 | 108.47 | 2016 | [3] | |
33 | 5.8 | 1.710 | 1,123.9 | 2014 | [6] | |
34 | 5.0 | 0.588 | 129.09 | 2013 | [4][3][8] | |
35 | 4.28 | 0.70 | 470.7 | 2014 | [6] | |
36 | 3.6 | 1.519 | 779.4 | 2014 | [6] | |
37 | 3.6 | 1.285 | 347.84 | 2014 | [4] | |
38 | 3.4 | 1.371 | 343.01 | 2014 | [4] | |
39 | 3 | 0.76 | 73.7 | 2013 | [7] | |
40 | 2.7 | 0.73 | 373.09 | 2012 | [7] | |
41 | 2.4 | 1.007 | 216.72 | 2014 | [4][12][8] | |
42 | 2.4 | 0.29 | 13.29 | 2013 | [7] | |
43 | 2.3 | 0.48 | 114.1 | 2016 | [3] | |
44 | 2.0 | 0.08 | 8.09 | 2013 | [7] | |
45 | 1.8 | 1.172 | 400.99 | 2013 | [4] | |
46 | 1.8 | 0.25 | 60.01 | 2012 | [13][14] | |
47 | 1.6 | 0.24 | 31 | 2014 | [7][3][8] | |
48 | 1.54 | 0.38 | 87.39 | 2014 | [4][3][8] | |
49 | 1.5 | 2.386 | 712.63 | 2014 | [4] | |
50 | 1.5 | 0.73 | 47.59 | 2010 | [7] | |
51 | 1.4 | 0.886 | 250.55 | 2014 | [4] | |
52 | 1.3 | 0.47 | 698.50 | 2012 | [7] | |
53 | 1.12 | 0.67 | 118.44 | 2013 | [7] | |
54 | 0.87 | 0.21 | 9.91 | 2011 | [15] | |
55 | 0.83 | 0.30 | 214.16 | 2013 | [7] | |
56 | 0.81 | 0.65 | 112.15 | 2013 | [16] | |
57 | 0.8 | 0.44 | 49.90 | 2016 | [3][8] | |
58 | 0.79 | 0.61 | 9.08 | 2013 | [7] | |
59 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 72.83 | 2012 | [7] | |
60 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 245.36 | 2017 | [16] | |
61 | 0.7 | 1.256 | 1,252.7 | 2014 | [6] | |
62 | 0.7 | 0.81 | 166.75 | 2013 | [16] | |
63 | 0.7 | 0.73 | 97.86 | 2013 | [16] | |
64 | 0.7 | 0.12 | 9.08 | 2014 | [17] | |
65 | 0.67 | 0.17 | 39.24 | 2013 | [7] | |
66 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 5.4 | 2007 | [7] | |
67 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 12.94 | 2015 | [12][3][8] | |
68 | 0.344 | 1.29 | 264.62 | 2017 | [18] | |
69 | 0.33 | 0.21 | 35.98 | 2013 | [7] | |
70 | 0.28 | 0.51 | 136.8 | 2017 | [16] | |
71 | 0.28 | 0.48 | 8.27 | 2010 | [7] | |
72 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 61.55 | 2011 | [7] | |
73 | 0.27 | 1.891 | 831.2 | 2014 | [6] | |
74 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 73.66 | 2013 | [7] | |
75 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 69.88 | 2015 | [7][3][8] | |
76 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 4.74 | 2007 | [12] | |
77 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 4.13 | 2007 | [12] | |
78 | 0.13 | 0.48 | 150.82 | 2013 | [16] | |
79 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 55.99 | 2013 | [7] | |
80 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 31.73 | 2013 | [7] | |
81 | 0.11 | 0.85 | 270.78 | 2013 | [16] | |
82 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 7.29 | 2012 | [3][8] | |
83 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 37.01 | 2012 | [7] | |
84 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 25.40 | 2013 | [7] | |
85 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 122.2 | 2014 | [6] | |
86 | 0.06 | 0.35 | 16.44 | 2013 | [7] | |
87 | 0.06 | 0.100 | 45.2 | 2014 | [6] | |
88 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 9.13 | 2015 | [3][8] | |
89 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 14.73 | 2014 | [7] | |
90 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 55.75 | 2013 | [16] |
See also
References
- "- Royal Society" (PDF). royalsociety.org.
- "China's spending on research and development up 11.8 per cent to US$275 billion in 2018".
- "How Much Does Your Country Invest in R&D?". UNESCO.
- "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- "2016 GLOBAL R&D FUNDING FORECAST" (PDF).
- "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
- "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
- "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
- Taiwan ranked 9th globally for R&D spending in 2015, The Central News Agency, 2017/07/19
- "Australian Bureau of Statistics - GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD)". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- "Israel's expenditure on civilian R&D rises 4.6 pct in 2018: report - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
- "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- "2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
- "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
- vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? - News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
- "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png - Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
- "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائممقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا میزند". Farsnews.com. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
- "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
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