Turkish Airlines

Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları) is the national flag carrier airline of Turkey. As of August 2019, it operates scheduled services to 315 destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, making it the largest mainline carrier in the world by number of passenger destinations.[9][10][11] The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world,[12] and flies to 126 countries, more than any other airline.[10][11][6][13] With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division serves 82 destinations.[10][6]

Turkish Airlines
IATA ICAO Callsign
TK THY TURKISH
Founded20 May 1933 (1933-05-20)
AOC #TQKF144F
Hubs
Secondary hubs
Frequent-flyer programMiles&Smiles
AllianceStar Alliance
Subsidiaries
Fleet size361
Destinations315[6]
Traded asBİST: THYAO
HeadquartersIstanbul Atatürk Airport,
Yeşilköy, Istanbul, Turkey
Key people
Revenue US$ 12.855 billion (2018)[7]
Operating income US$ 2.719 billion (2018)[7]
Net income US$ 753 million (2018)[7]
Total assets US$ 20.732 billion (2018)[7]
Total equity US$ 5.945 billion (2018)[7]
Employees37,670 (2020)[8]
Websitewww.turkishairlines.com

The airline's corporate headquarters are at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul.[14] Istanbul Airport in Arnavutkoy is the airline's main base, and there are secondary hubs at Ankara Esenboğa Airport and İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport. Turkish Airlines has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.[15]

History

Early years

Turkish Airlines was established on 20 May 1933 as Turkish State Airlines (Turkish: Devlet Hava Yolları)[16] as a department of the Ministry of National Defense.[17] The airline's initial fleet consisted of two five-seat Curtiss Kingbirds, two four-seat Junkers F 13s and one ten-seat Tupolev ANT-9.[17] In 1935, the airline was turned over to the Ministry of Public Works and was subsequently renamed General Directorate of State Airlines. Three years later, in 1938, it became part of the Ministry of Transportation.[18]

Postwar period
THY Fokker F27 Friendship landing at Athens Hellenikon Airport in 1973.

Several Douglas DC-3s and Douglas C-47s were phased in during 1945.[19] Being initially set up as a domestic carrier, the airline commenced international services with the inauguration of Ankara–Istanbul–Athens flights in 1947; with the DC-3s and C-47s enabling the carrier to expand its network.[17]

Nicosia, Beirut and Cairo were soon added to the airline's international flight destinations. However, domestic services remained the carrier's primary focus until the early 1960s.[20]

THY Douglas DC-10 in 1974 wearing the airline's initial colour scheme.

In 1956, the Turkish government reorganized the airline under the name Türk Hava Yolları A.O. (often abbreviated as THY).[17] It was capitalized at TRY 60 million. The airline joined the International Air Transport Association (IATA) shortly thereafter. In 1957, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) began supplying technical support after acquiring a 6.5 percent shareholding, which it held for about 20 years.[20]

New aircraft including Vickers Viscounts, Fokker F27s and Douglas DC-3s were added to the fleet in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Turkish Airlines began operating their first jet, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, in 1967. This was followed by the addition of three Boeing 707 jets in 1971. Other aircraft operated in the early 1970s included the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and the Fokker F28 which were put into service in 1972 and 1973 respectively.[17][20]

1980s and 1990s
A Boeing 707 operated by Turkish Airlines at Heathrow Airport in 1984.

The airline was plagued by several issues in the 1980s and 90s. It developed a reputation for poor customer service and delays. It also endured hijackings and suffered seven accidents between 1974 and 1983. The most notorious was the 1974 crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981, when an aircraft design flaw led to a faulty cargo door breaking off in flight near Ermenonville, France, resulting in the deaths of 346 people.

A new government came to power in 1983 which recognized THY's importance as Turkey's gateway to the world, beginning the airline's makeover into a modern operation. It would go on to maintain one of the youngest fleets in the world. Security was intensified, causing one shipper to compare it to Israel's El Al, at least in terms of delays.[20]

THY built a new, state-of-the-art technical center at Yeşilköy Airport in 1984. The airline was capable of both light and heavy maintenance on many different aircraft types. The technical staff then made up one-quarter of the airline's 6,000 employees, according to Air Transport World. In 1984, the company's capital was raised to 60 billion TL as it was classified as a state economic enterprise. Three years later, the capital was raised again, to 150 billion TL.

Turkish Airlines Boeing 737 at Zurich Airport in 1995.

By the mid-1980s, THY had a fleet of 30 aircraft. It was flying approximately three million passengers a year to 16 domestic destinations and three dozen international ones. The airline was Turkey's largest source of foreign currency. Turkish Airlines began operating Airbus A310s in 1985, allowing the addition of flights to Singapore in 1986. A route to New York City via Brussels was added in 1988.

The company posted losses in 1987 and 1988, largely due to high payments on its dozen new Airbus A310s, according to Air Transport World. The fleet also included 11 Boeing 727s and nine Douglas DC-9s. THY ended the decade with 8,500 employees.[20]

The company suffered in the global aviation crisis following the Persian Gulf War and would not break-even again until 1994. However, the business was again booming in the mid-1990s, with the greatest growth coming from North American destinations. THY launched a nonstop flight to New York City in July 1994.

The company's capital continued to be raised, reaching 10 trillion TL in 1995. During that year, the airline also converted three of its Boeing 727s to dedicated freighters. The DC-9s had been sold off. The company posted a $6 million profit on revenues of $1 billion for the year. While profitable, THY had to contend with Turkey's exorbitant inflation, making capital improvements difficult.

The domestic market was deregulated in 1996, allowing new scheduled competition from charter airlines. At the same time, larger international carriers were providing stiff competition on routes to Western Europe. THY entered into marketing agreements with other international airlines to enhance their competitiveness. The company teamed with Japan Airlines to offer service to Osaka and Tokyo in 1997 and 1998. Other jointly operated flights soon followed with Austrian Airlines, Swissair, and Croatia Airlines.[20]

2000s and 2010s
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER with the FC Barcelona colours in 2012; the airline was the official sponsor and carrier of the club between 2010 and 2013.[21]
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 737-800 in 2010 FIBA World Championship livery at Istanbul Atatürk Airport.
Istanbul Atatürk Airport, November 2013.
A Turkish Airlines Airbus A321-200 in Turkish Airlines Euroleague livery. The airline has been the primary sponsor of the top European basketball league since 2010.
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER landing at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport.
A Boeing 737 MAX 8 of Turkish Airlines on final approach for Istanbul Atatürk Airport.

A new terminal opened in January 2000 at Istanbul's Istanbul Atatürk Airport. Turkish Airlines continued to extend their international reach, forging marketing agreements with Asiana Airlines, American Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, Czech Airlines and Cathay Pacific in 2000. On October 29, 2000, THY withdrew from the Swissair-led Qualiflyer alliance to help attract a strategic investor for their privatization.[20][22] The airline had been part of the alliance's frequent-flyer program since November 1998.[22] An Antalya-Frankfurt route was added in 2001 through a code-sharing agreement with Sun Express.

Turkey underwent an economic crisis throughout most of 2001, leading to a reduction in traffic on domestic routes in particular. THY managed to survive after the September 11 attacks on the United States without a government bailout or mass layoffs, although 300 middle management positions were eliminated, 400 part-timers were laid off and wages were cut 10 percent. Turkish Daily News credited the airline's survival to entrepreneurial management, which was quick to get rid of loss-making routes at home and abroad.

In 2003, the war in Iraq prompted Turkish Airlines to close some routes in the Persian Gulf, while flights to Asia were suspended during the SARS epidemic. However, the airline soon recovered, increasing traffic on existing routes and adding service to Delhi after an 11-year lapse.

Another fleet expansion program kicked off in 2004, helping THY maintain one of the youngest fleets in Europe. In July that year, the airline announced a massive $2.8 billion order of 36 jets from Airbus, plus an order for 15 Boeing 737s.

THY was not just ordering new planes. It was planning to spend $350 million on a new technical and training facility at Istanbul's underutilized Sabiha Gökçen International Airport. The airline had built up a significant technical services operation, maintaining not just their aircraft but those of third parties. Turkish Technic employed 2,700 workers and was planning to hire another 2,000 by 2010. THY also had three flight simulators and offered flight training services.

The airline faced the entry of new competitors into the liberalizing Turkish aviation market. However, tourism was booming, with 20 million people expected to visit the country in 2005 versus 12 million in 2003. THY divested its 50% holding in Cyprus Turkish Airlines (Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları) in 2005.

Although the company was publicly traded at this time, the government-owned 98% of its shares. The privatization program was revived in 2004 with a public offering of 20% of shares on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The Turkish government-owned 75% of shares after the offering, which raised $170 million. Currently, the Republic of Turkey's Prime Ministry Privatization Administration owns a 49.12% interest in THY, while 50.88% of shares are publicly traded.[23]

On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the Star Alliance after an 18-month integration process beginning in December 2006, becoming the seventh European airline in the 20-member alliance.[24]

In April 2010, TURKISH replaced TURKAIR as the new call sign for Turkish Airlines.

In December 2011, the Turkish government unveiled plans to modernize the Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu, Somalia, which became one of the newest flight destinations of the carrier in 2012. The rehabilitation project is part of Turkey's broader engagement in the local post-conflict reconstruction process. Among the scheduled renovations are new airport systems and infrastructure, including a modern control tower to monitor the airspace.[25] In March 2012, Turkish Airlines became the first international carrier to resume flights to Somalia since the start of that country's civil war in the early 1990s.

By the end of 2013, Turkish Airlines had increased their number of flight points to 241 destinations worldwide (199 international and 42 domestic).[26]

In the wake of the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the Federal Aviation Authority temporarily banned flights between Turkey and the United States. This posed a particular problem for Turkish Airlines as a key component of the airline's strategy was to deliver one-stop journeys between the US and hard-to-reach destinations in Africa, the Middle East, and India.[27] This ban was lifted on 18 July, and Turkish Airlines resumed flights to the U.S. on 19 July after a three-day disruption.[28]

In August 2016, Turkish Airlines announced a profit collapse to a loss of 198 million Euros for the second quarter of 2016 while expecting an overall loss of 10 million passengers for 2016.[29] The airline already announced significant reductions in operations for the upcoming 2016/2017 schedule period with frequency cuts to 45 European and 13 intercontinental routes.[30][31] Turkish Airlines also announced an overall record loss of 1.9 billion Turkish Lira ($644.4 million) for the first half of 2016.[32]

The following year saw the airline recover, with financial results for 2017 showing an almost 35% increase in turnover, and a return to profitability.[33]

Corporate affairs
Turkish Airlines corporate headquarters

The airline head office is in the Turkish Airlines General Management Building at Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy.[34]

Key people

As of March 2018, chairmanship was held by İlker Aycı.[35] Bilal Ekşi holds the deputy chairman and CEO positions.[36]

The key trends for Turkish Airlines for the past 15 years are shown below (as of December 2018):[37][38][39]

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Turnover (₺m) 2,846 2,593 2,956 3,812 4,860 6,123 7,036 8,423 11,813 14,909 18,777 24,158 28,752 29,468 39,779 62,853
Net profit (₺m) 243 107 138 179 265 1,134 559 286 19 1,133 683 1,819 2,993 -47 639 4,045
Number of passengers carried (m) 10.4 12.0 14.1 16.9 19.6 22.6 25.1 29.1 32.6 39.0 48.3 54.7 61.2 62.8 68.6 75.1
Passenger load factor (%) 67 70 72 69 73 74 71 74 73 77 79 79 78 74 79 82
Cargo carried (000s tonnes) 123 135 145 160 183 199 238 314 388 471 565 668 720 876 1,123 1,412
Number of aircraft (at year end) 65 73 83 103 102 127 134 153 179 200 233 261 299 334 329 332
Number of destinations (at year end) 103 102 107 134 138 142 156 171 189 217 243 264 284 295 300 306
Sources [40][41] [41][42] [41][43] [41][44] [45][46] [47][48] [49][50] [51][52] [53][54] [53][54]

[4][55]

 [56] [57][58][59] [60] [33]

[61][62]

Frequent-flyer programme

Miles&Smiles is the frequent-flyer programme of Turkish Airlines, inaugurated in 2000 after the airline left Qualiflyer.[63] Earned miles can be used on Turkish Airlines flights, as well as on flights operated by the entire Star Alliance network. Miles&Smiles Classic Plus members are entitled to Star Alliance Silver benefits, while Elite and Elite Plus Miles&Smiles status entitles the member to Star Alliance Gold benefits.[64]

Sponsorship and promotion agreements
Turkish Airlines also sponsored Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund.[65]
Turkish Airlines A330, decorated with UEFA Euro 2016 emblems.

Turkish Airlines has been the official carrier of several European football clubs such as Manchester United,[66] FC Barcelona,[67] Borussia Dortmund,[68][69] Olympique de Marseille,[70] Aston Villa,[71] FK Sarajevo,[72] and Hannover 96.[73]

The airline has also made sponsorship and promotion deals with renowned athletes and actors, including[74] Lionel Messi,[75] Kobe Bryant,[75] Caroline Wozniacki,[76] Kevin Costner,[77] Wayne Rooney[77] and Didier Drogba.[78]

The company has been the primary sponsor of the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague since 2010[79] and was among the sponsors of the 2010 FIBA World Championship.[80]

On 22 October 2013, Turkish Airlines and Euroleague signed an agreement to prolong their existing sponsorship deal by five years until 2020.[81]

Turkish Airlines is the sponsor of the Turkish Airlines Open, a European Tour golf tournament played annually in Turkey since 2013.[82]

Turkish Airlines was the kit sponsor of Galatasaray for the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League and Bosnian club FK Sarajevo. Since then, the airline has continued its sponsorship of Galatasaray and has also been the kit sponsor for the European campaigns of other Turkish clubs such as Fenerbahçe and Başakşehir.

On 10 December 2015, Turkish Airlines and UEFA signed a sponsorship deal for the UEFA Euro 2016, becoming the first airline sponsor of UEFA European Championship tournaments.[83][84]

On 29 January 2016, Turkish Airlines announced its partnership with Warner Bros. to sponsor the film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. In the movie, a pivotal scene unfolds aboard a Turkish Airlines A330.[85] That year, the airline also teamed up with a number of Turkish tourist agencies in the production of romantic comedy film Non-Transferable.[86]

On 14 September 2018, Turkish Airlines and Lega Basket Serie A,[87] the top-tier professional basketball league in Italy, signed a sponsorship agreement making the airline an official partner for the 2018–19 LBA season.[88][89]

In February 2019, Turkish Airlines arranged to become partial sponsors for League of Ireland First Division side Drogheda United.[90]

In August 2019, Turkish Airlines reached an agreement with Club Atlético River Plate to become the main sponsor of the Argentine sports club for the next three seasons.[91]

Destinations
Destination map of Turkish Airlines in 2019, including announced future destinations.
Main article: List of Turkish Airlines destinations

As of 2019, Turkish Airlines flies to 315 destinations in 126 countries.[10][11][6]

Codeshare agreements

Turkish Airlines codeshares with the following airlines:[92]

Interline agreements

Turkish Airlines has interline agreements with the following airlines:[106][107]

Fleet
Turkish Airlines Boeing 737-800 in Star Alliance livery
Turkish Airlines Airbus A321neo
Turkish Airlines Airbus A330-300
Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER
Turkish Airlines Boeing 787-9

Current fleet

As of March 2020, the Turkish Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:[108]

Turkish Airlines fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers[108] Notes
C Y Total
Airbus A319-100 6 — 12 114 126
Airbus A320-200 15 — 12 141 153
Airbus A321-200 68 — 12 176 188
20 158 178
Airbus A321neo 15 77[109] 20 162 182 Deliveries until 2023.[110][111]
Partly in Airbus Cabin Flex (ACF) configuration.[112]
Airbus A330-200 18 — 30 190 220
22 228 250
22 259 281
Airbus A330-300 40 — 28 261 289
Airbus A350-900 — 25[113] TBA Deliveries from 2020 to 2023.[114][115]
Boeing 737-800 103 — 16 135 151 Number of aircraft excludes that of its subsidiary AnadoluJet.
12 147 159
20 135 155
Boeing 737-900ER 15 — 16 135 151
Boeing 737 MAX 8 11[116] 54[115] 16 135 151 Deliveries until 2022.[110][117][118]
Boeing 737 MAX 9 1[119] 9[115] TBA Deliveries until 2020.[4]
Boeing 777-300ER 33 — 49 300 349
28 372 400
Boeing 787-9 11 14[115] 30 270 300[120] Deliveries until 2022.[114][115]
Turkish Airlines Cargo fleet
Airbus A300-600F 1 —
Cargo
 Wet-leased.[110]
Airbus A310-300F 2 —
Cargo
 All wet-leased.[115]
Airbus A330-200F 10 —
Cargo
Boeing 747-400F 4 —
Cargo
 All wet-leased.[110]
Boeing 777F 8 —[121]
Cargo
 [122]
Total 361 179

Fleet development

In October 2016, due to a downturn in air traffic, the airline had announced it was delaying delivery of 39 Boeing and Airbus aircraft (exact details were not specified) from its outstanding commitments for 167 aircraft (92 Airbus A321neos, 65 Boeing 737 MAX 8 and 10 Boeing 737 MAX 9s). It was set to receive just 10 of 32 aircraft due in 2018, but all outstanding orders are expected to be fulfilled by 2023.[123]

On 26 June 2019, the first Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner from the airline's March 2018 order was delivered to the airline.[124]

In August 2019, Turkish Airlines chairman İker Aycı stated that the carrier was looking into receiving its orders of long-haul aircraft, such as the Airbus A350-900, earlier than planned. In addition, the airline is interested in the Airbus A220 and Embraer E190/E195 in order to serve new destinations.[125][126]

Livery

The airline's "Eurowhite" livery features a white fuselage with blue lettering, a grey tulip on the fuselage running from the rear of the wing to the tail, and a red tail with the company logo in a white circle.

In the past, the airplanes were painted white on the top with four red stripes going across the fuselage and the white tail with a circle including the emblem; instead of a white emblem in a red circle for background, the emblem was red within a white circle. The bellies of the planes had an aluminium finish, while the nose was black, and text on the plane read "THY Türk Hava Yolları-Turkish Airlines" on the left side; on the right, the concept was the same with different text reading "Türk Hava Yolları-Turkish Airlines THY".

The "Eurowhite" livery (a white fuselage with blue lettering) and a grey tulip figure on the fuselage (running from the rear of the wing to the tail) have remained the same.

Awards

Turkish Airlines won the Skytrax awards for Europe's Best Airline, Southern Europe's Best Airline, and the World's Best Premium Economy Class Airline Seat for three consecutive years in 2011, 2012 and 2013,[127][128] and retained its status as Europe's Best Airline in 2014, 2015 and 2016, thereby holding the title for six years in a row.[129][130][131][132]

Additionally, Turkish Airlines was selected the Airline of the Year by Air Transport News at the 2013 Air Transport News Awards Ceremony.[133] In November 2017, Turkish Airlines was recognized as "The World's 16th Best Airline For Business Travel" by the CEOWORLD magazine.[134]

In June 2018, the airline announced that it would no longer be participating in the Skytrax World Airline Audit.[135]

Turkish Airlines Flight Academy

Turkish Airlines Flight Academy was established by the 28th THY Board on 10 November 2004, and started training with 16 cadets on 1 May 2006. The Flight Academy is based at Istanbul Atatürk Airport and uses the nearby Çorlu Airport for training activities.[136][137]

The flight academy fleet consists of the following 14 aircraft:[138]

Turkish Airlines Maintenance Center

Turkish Airlines' maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) center, Turkish Technic, was incorporated in 2006 and is responsible for the maintenance of Turkish Airlines and other third party aircraft within eight hangars.[139] Capabilities include airframe, landing gear, APU and other subsystems.[140] Turkish Technic opened an engine center in partnership with Pratt & Whitney called TEC (Turkish Engine Center) in January 2010 at Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW). The facility provides engine MRO services to customers worldwide.[141]

Turkish Technic was based at Istanbul Atatürk Airport within two hangars. It bought out MNG Technic along with its hangars, and the main complex moved to SAW with the building of two new hangars.[142] Two smaller hangars are also located at Ankara Esenboğa Airport. Additional hangars are being built at the new Istanbul Airport to accommodate the operator's growing fleet.[143]

Environmental impact

Turkish Airlines did not respond to the 2018 Carbon Disclosure Project questionnaire[144] and in 2019 was named as one of the airlines having the weakest plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions.[145]

Incidents and accidents

In its history, Turkish Airlines has suffered a total of 19 incidents and accidents of which 15 were fatal. A total of 68 crew, 835 passengers and 35 people on the ground have been killed.

  • On 17 February 1959, a Vickers Viscount Type 793, registration TC-SEV, operating a charter flight carrying Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and a governmental delegation to London for the signing of the London-Zürich Agreements, crashed in dense fog on approach to London Gatwick Airport. Nine of the sixteen passengers and five of the eight crew lost their lives. Adnan Menderes, who was sitting in the back part of the aircraft, survived the accident.[146]
  • On 23 September 1961, Turkish Airlines Flight 835, a Fokker F27-100 registered as TC-TAY, crashed at Karanlıktepe in Ankara Province on approach to Esenboğa Airport. All of the 4 crew and 24 of the 25 passengers on board were killed.[147]
  • On 8 March 1962, a Fairchild F-27, registration TC-KOP, crashed into the Taurus Mountains on approach to Adana Şakirpaşa Airport. All three crew and all eight passengers on board died.[148]
  • On 3 February 1964, a Douglas C-47, registered as TC-ETI, on a domestic cargo flight, flew into terrain whilst on approach to Esenboğa Airport, Ankara. All three crew members on board were killed.[149]
  • On 2 February 1969, a Vickers Viscount Type 794, registered as TC-SET, crashed on approach to Esenboğa Airport. There were no casualties.[150]
  • On 26 January 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 301, a Fokker F28-1000 registered as TC-JAO crashed shortly after takeoff from Izmir Cumaovası Airport due to atmospheric icing on the wings. The aircraft disintegrated and caught fire, killing 4 of the 5 crew and 62 of the 68 passengers on board.[151]
  • On 3 March 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 981, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 registered as TC-JAV, crashed into Ermenonville Forest, Fontaine-Chaalis, Oise, France due to explosive decompression, killing all 335 passengers and 11 crew on board. The main cause was a design fault on the cargo doors of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 which led to incomplete engagement of the door locking mechanism on the aircraft in question, and consequent opening of one door in flight.[152][153]
  • On 30 January 1975, Turkish Airlines Flight 345, a Fokker F28-1000 registration TC-JAP, crashed into the Sea of Marmara during final approach to Istanbul Yeşilköy Airport. All 4 crew and all 38 passengers on board the aircraft were killed.[154]
  • On 19 September 1976, a Boeing 727-200 registered as TC-JBH operating Turkish Airlines Flight 452 from Istanbul Yeşilköy Airport to Antalya Airport struck high ground in the Karatepe Mountains during an attempted landing in Isparta instead of Antalya by pilot error. All eight crew and 146 people on board the aircraft perished in the accident.[155]
  • On 23 December 1979, a Fokker F28-1000, registration TC-JAT, on a flight from Samsun-Çarşamba Airport to Esenboğa Airport, struck a hill in Kuyumcuköy village in Çubuk, Ankara, 32 km (20 mi) northeast of its destination airport in severe turbulence. Three of the four crew and 38 of the 41 passengers on board were killed.[156]
  • On 16 January 1983, Turkish Airlines Flight 158, a Boeing 727-200 registered as TC-JBR, landed about 50 m (160 ft) short of the runway at Esenboğa Airport in driving snow, broke up and caught fire. All of the 7 crew survived; however, of the 60 passengers on board, 47 were killed.[157]
  • On 29 December 1994, Turkish Airlines Flight 278, a Boeing 737-400 registration TC-JES, crashed during its final approach to Van Ferit Melen Airport in driving snow. Five of the seven crew and 52 of the 69 passengers died.[158]
  • On 7 April 1999, Turkish Airlines Flight 5904, a Boeing 737-400 registered as TC-JEP on a repositioning flight, crashed near Ceyhan, Adana shortly after taking off from Adana Şakirpaşa Airport. There were no passengers on board, but all six crew members perished in the accident.[159]
  • On 8 January 2003, Turkish Airlines Flight 634, an Avro RJ-100 registration TC-THG, crashed on approach to Diyarbakır Airport, Turkey. Of the 80 people on board, all five crew and 70 passengers were killed.[160]
  • On 3 October 2006, Turkish Airlines Flight 1476 en route from Tirana, Albania to Istanbul was hijacked by Turkish citizen Hakan Ekinci in Greek airspace. The hijacker surrendered after a forced landing in Brindisi, Italy.[161]
  • On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 registered as TC-JGE carrying 128 passengers and a crew of 7, crashed during final approach to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Netherlands. It was determined that a faulty radar altimeter caused the aircraft to throttle the engines back to idle and that the crew subsequently failed to react properly which resulted in an unrecoverable stall and the subsequent crash. Of the 135 people on board, nine people, including the three pilots, were killed. Eighty-six more people were transported to local hospitals.[162][163][164][165]
  • On 3 March 2015, Turkish Airlines Flight 726 departed the runway on landing at Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu, Nepal. The Airbus A330-300 operating the flight, TC-JOC, was severely damaged when its nose gear collapsed, causing damage to the fuselage and both wings. All 227 passengers and 11 crew members on board escaped uninjured.[166]
  • On 25 April 2015, Turkish Airlines Flight 1878, an Airbus A320-200 TC-JPE was severely damaged in a landing accident at Istanbul Atatürk Airport. All on board were successfully evacuated without any injuries reported.[167]
  • On 16 January 2017, Turkish Airlines Flight 6491, a Boeing 747-412F operated for Turkish Airlines under wet lease from ACT Airlines, crashed into a residential area upon attempting landing in Manas International Airport in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, killing all four crew members and 35 people on the ground.[168][169][170] In response, Turkish Airlines released a statement on Twitter that neither plane nor crew were theirs, calling it an "ACT Airlines accident".[171] However, the flight was still operated under a Turkish Airlines flight number, making it a Turkish Airlines flight under IATA rules.
  • On 21 November 2019, Turkish Airlines Flight 467, a Boeing 737-800, suffered a nose gear collapse while attempting to land in heavy crosswinds at Odessa International Airport in Ukraine. All passengers and crew were deplaned using emergency slides without injury.[172]

See also
  • North Cyprus Airlines

References
  1. "Ankara will become third Turkish Airlines hub". Air Transport World. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  2. "Transfer from Ataturk to Istanbul Airport to begin on 5 April". hurriyetdailynews.com.
  3. "Turkish Airlines Profile". Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  4. "FInancial Statements 2013" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  5. "Board Activity Report" (PDF). Turkishairlines.com. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  6. "2018 2Q Presentation" (PDF). Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  7. "Turkish Airlines Financial Statements 2018" (PDF). Turkishairlines.com. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  8. "Turkish Airlines".
  9. "Network" (PDF). Investor.turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  10. "Turkish Airlines' net profit triples in 9-month". Anadolu Agency. 7 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  11. Cebeci, Uğur (21 August 2019). "Yeni uçuşlar yakında". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  12. "Best connected airline hubs by region revealed". anna.aero. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  13. "Turkish Airlines Becomes No. 1 in the World, Flying to the Most Countries Worldwide". Businesswire.com. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  14. "Contact Us." Turkish Airlines. Retrieved on 26 June 2010. "Turkish Airlines General Management"
  15. "Turkish Airlines – Star Alliance". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  16. "DHY timetable October 15, 1955". www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  17. "Turkish Airlines – History". Turkishairlines.com. 17 February 1977. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  18. "History of Turkish Airlines". Seatmaestro. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  19. Hofmann, Kurt (29 April 2016). "Turkish Airlines to take delivery of 26 Boeing aircraft in 2016". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Turkish Airlines’ and Boeing's long history goes back to 1945, with the arrival of the airline's first DC-3/C-47 airliners. 
  20. "History of Turkish Airlines Inc. (Türk Hava Yollari A.O.)". FundingUniverse.com. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  21. "Turkish Airlines signs sponsorship deal with Barcelona" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  22. "THYAO, Qualiflyer Özel Yolcu Programı`ndan Ayrıldı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 27 October 2000. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  23. "Investor Relations". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  24. "Turkish Airlines to join Star Alliance, Star Alliance board approves membership application" (Press release). Star Alliance. 9 December 2006. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  25. "SKA will run airport operations in Mogadishu". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  26. "Turkish Airlines – Destinations and Frequencies". Turkishairlines.com. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  27. Sumers, Brian (16 July 2016). "FAA Bans Turkish Airlines From Flying to the United States". Skift. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  28. Sumers, Brian (18 July 2016). "FAA Lifts Turkish Air Flight Ban". Skift. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  29. Rundschau, Frankfurter. "Fluggesellschaft in den roten Zahlen: Massiver Gewinn-Einbruch bei Turkish Airlines". Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  30. Ltd. 2019, UBM (UK). "Turkish Airlines W16 Europe/Short-Haul service changes as of 27AUG16". Routesonline. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  31. Ltd. 2019, UBM (UK). "Turkish Airlines W16 inter-continental service changes as of 27AUG16". Routesonline. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  32. "Turkish Airlines posts loss of $644 mln, revises target – Latest News". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  33. "THY 2017 FY Results" (PDF). Investor.turkishairlines.com.
  34. "Get in touch". Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 9 June 2019. TURKISH AIRLINES HEADQUARTERS Turkish Airlines General Management Building, Ataturk Airport, Yesilkoy 34149 Istanbul Turkey – Map
  35. "Q3 2019 Board Activity Report" (PDF). Turkish Airlines Investor Relations. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  36. Hofmann, Kurt (5 May 2017). "Turkish Airlines, Middle East Airlines to codeshare". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017.
  37. "Turkish Airlines – Investor Relations – Traffic Results". Turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  38. "Turkish Airlines – Investor Relations – Financial Statements". Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  39. "Turkish Airlines – Press Release – Consolidated Financial Statements". Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  40. "Financial Statements 2004" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2014.
  41. "Quarterly Traffic Data" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2014.
  42. "Financial Statements 2005" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  43. "Financial Statements 2006" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  44. "Financial Statements 2007" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  45. "Financial Statements 2008" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  46. "Quarterly Traffic Data 2008" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  47. "Financial Statements 2009" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  48. "Quarterly Traffic Data 2009" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  49. "Financial Statements 2010" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  50. "Quarterly Traffic Data 2010" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  51. "Financial Statements 2011" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  52. "Quarterly Traffic Data 2011" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  53. "Financial Statements 2012" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  54. "Quarterly Traffic Data 2012" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  55. "Quarterly Traffic Data 2013" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  56. "2014 Annual Report" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  57. "Indenpendent Auditors 2015" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  58. "Fact Sheet 2015" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  59. "December 2015 traffic" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  60. "THY 2016 Annual Report" (PDF). Investor.turkishairlines.com.
  61. "Financial Statements 2018" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  62. "TRAFFIC DATA – JANUARY – DECEMBER 2018" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  63. Turkish Airlines’ Frequent Flyer Programme Over The Years Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  64. Turkish Airlines – Miles&Smiles Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  65. Türk Hava Yolları (c) 2015. "Turkish Airlines – News". Turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  66. "Manchester United in Turkish Airlines sponsorship deal". BBC. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  67. "Grateful for collaboration with Turkish Airlines". FC Barcelona. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  68. "Turkish Airlines wird Premium-Airline-Partner von Borussia Dortmund (German)". Bvb.de. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  69. "THY - Türk Hava Yolları - Basın Bülteni Detayı - thy.com". Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  70. "Turkish Airlines has entered into a partnership with Ligue 1 giant Olympique de Marseille". Goal.com. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  71. "Villa announce partnership with Turkish Airlines for 2013–14". Avfc.co.uk (Press release). Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  72. "Turkish Airlines and Sarajevo FC officially signed the contract. Maroon Club has a new general sponsor!". Fcsarajevo.ba/en (Press release). Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  73. "Turkish Airlines adds Hannover 96 to soccer portfolio". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  74. "Movie archive" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  75. "Fly with the best" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  76. "Caroline Wozniacki Movie" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  77. "Feel like a star" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  78. "VIDEO: Messi and Drogba face off in new viral video". Independent.ie. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  79. "Turkish Airlines and Euroleague basketball sign strategic partnership agreement" (Press release). euroleague.net. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  80. "The Heart of Basketball Will Beat in Turkey". Turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  81. "Euroleague – THY işbirliği 2020'ye uzadı". Tr.eurosport.com. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  82. "Illness-hit Tiger Woods leads Turkish Airlines Open pack". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  83. "Turkish Airlines joins UEFA EURO 2016 as Official Airline Partner". UEFA.org. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  84. "Turkish Airlines joins UEFA EURO 2016 as "Official Airline Partner"". Turkish Airlines. 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  85. "Turkish Airlines Partners with Warner Bros. Pictures to Offer Fans a "Flight" into the World of "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice". 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  86. Lazar, Shira (23 February 2016). "How Do You Make a Movie in Europe With Almost No Budget?". Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  87. "LBA Partners". Web.legabasket.it. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  88. "TURKISH AIRLINES PARTNER UFFICIALE DI LEGA BASKET SERIE A" [Turkish Airlines official partner of the Lega Basket Serie A]. sporteconomy.it (in Italian). 14 September 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  89. "Turkish Airlines sponsors top Italian basketball league". yenisafak.com. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  90. "Centurions Drogheda United Celebrating Their 100th Year In Style". Pundit Arena. 3 August 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  91. "Turkish Airlines sign sponsorship deal with River Plate". Hürriyet Daily News. 3 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  92. "Turkish Airline Codeshare Flights". www.turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  93. "#AfriTravel: Turkish Airlines, Air Namibia join forces to open Africa travel". Traveller. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  94. Blachly, Linda (8 May 2018). "Airline Routes-May 8, 2018". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Turkish Airlines and Belavia Belarusian Airlines signed a codeshare agreement, starting May 1, on Istanbul Ataturk-Minsk services operated by both airlines.
  95. Liu, Jim (3 May 2018). "Turkish Airlines / Belavia begins codeshare partnership from May 2018". Routesonline. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  96. "Acuerdo de código compartido con Turkish". Copaair.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  97. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  98. "Indigo signs codeshare agreement with Turkish Airlines". Moneycontrol.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  99. "Lufthansa codeshare partners". lufthansa.com. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  100. "Lufthansa Group and Star Alliance partners". lufthansa.com. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  101. Liu, Jim (26 November 2019). "Turkish Airlines extends Malaysia Airlines codeshare to Oceania from Nov 2019". Routesonline. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  102. Ltd. 2019, UBM (UK). "Malindo / Turkish Airlines launches codeshare partnership from Sep 2017". Routesonline.com. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  103. https://boardingpass.ro/turkish-airlines-si-tarom-semneaza-acord-de-codeshare-pe-ruta-istanbul-bucuresti/?utm_medium=onesignal&utm_source=notif&utm_campaign=push
  104. Liu, Jim (2 April 2018). "Turkish Airlines / Uzbekistan Airways begins codeshare service from late-March 2018". Routesonline. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  105. Liu, Jim (20 November 2018). "Uzbekistan Airways plans Turkish Airlines codeshare expansion in W18". Routesonline. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  106. "Partner Airlines". SWISS. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  107. "Star Alliance Partners". Austrian. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  108. "Fleet". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  109. "Orders, Deliveries, Operators - Worldwide". Airbus Orders and Deliveries. August 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  110. "2017 Board Activity Report" (PDF). Turkish Airlines.
  111. "Turkish Delays Deliveries | Airliner World". Airlinerworld.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  112. "Airbus delivers the first A321neo in Cabin Flex configuration to Turkish Airlines". Airbus. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  113. "Turkish Airlines A350 Orders Airbus Official Announcement". Airbus.com. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  114. "Turkish Airlines A350 & B787 Orders". Kap.org.tr. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  115. "2018 Q1 Board Activity Report" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  116. "THY'ye 3'üncü A321neo ile 11'inci 737MAX". kokpit.aero (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  117. "Boeing Statement on Turkish Airlines' Commitment to Order 50 737 MAXs and 20 Next-Generation 737s". Boeing.com.
  118. "Turkish Airlines firms options on 10 737 MAX 8s, 20 A321neos | Airframes content from". ATWOnline. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  119. "Turkish Airlines takes delivery of its first Boeing 737-9 MAX 9". worldairlinenews.com. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  120. 2018, UBM (UK) Ltd. "Turkish Airlines 2H19 787-9 preliminary operation as of 12AUG18". Routesonline. Retrieved 17 August 2018.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  121. "Boeing 777 Orders and Deliveries as of March 2020". www.boeing.com. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  122. "Turkish to take three more 777Fs". Flightglobal.com. 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  123. "Turkish Delays Deliveries". Airliner World (December 2016): 10.
  124. "Turkish Delivery". Airliner World. August 2019: 11.
  125. CEBECİ, Uğur (21 August 2019). "Yeni uçuşlar yakında". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  126. Eiselin, Stefan (16 September 2019). "Expansion: Turkish looking at A220 and E195-E2". aeroTELEGRAPH. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  127. "Turkish Airlines named "Best Airline Europe", "Best Premium Economy Seats" and "Best Airline Southern Europe" by Skytrax" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  128. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  129. "Turkish Airlines Named 'Best Airline in Europe' for Fourth Consecutive Year at 2014 Skytrax World Airline Awards". BusinessWire (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 16 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  130. "Turkish Airlines Named "Best Airline in Europe" by Industry Leading Airline Rating Organization". PRWeb (Press release). 16 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  131. "Turkish Airlines seeking 4,000 new pilots". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  132. "The Best Airlines in the World by Region | 2016". Worldairlineawards.com. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  133. "Air Transport News". Atn.aero. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  134. "The world's best airlines for business travel in 2017". CEOWORLD magazine. 3 November 2017.
  135. Schlappig, Ben (9 June 2018). "Turkish Airlines Pulls Out of Skytrax". One Mile at a Time. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  136. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  137. "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2010". Turkishairlines.com. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  138. Turkish Airlines Flight Academy website
  139. Turkish Technic - Aircraft Maintenance
  140. Turkish Technic – Company Profile. Turkish Technic. Retrieved 20 November 2013. Archived 19 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  141. Turkish Engine Center (in Turkish) Archived 9 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Turkish Technic. Retrieved on 16 December 2010.
  142. Turkish Technic opens HABOM maintenance complex
  143. Istanbul Airport - Aircraft Maintenance Hangar Zone
  144. "CDP Turkey Climate Change and Water Report 2018". Carbon Disclosure Project.
  145. "Leading airlines failing to plan for long haul on climate, warns influential investor initiative". London School of Economics’ Grantham Research Institute. 5 March 2019.
  146. "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  147. "Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 100 TC-TAY Ankara". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  148. "Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 100 TC-KOP Taurus Mts". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  149. "Aircraft accident Douglas C-47A-5-DK TC-ETI Ankara-Esenboga". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  150. "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
  151. "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAO Izmir-Cumaovası Airport (ADB)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  152. "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  153. "Accident Database". Airdisaster.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  154. "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAP Istanbul-Yeşilköy Airport (IST) [Marmara Sea]". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  155. "Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2F2 TC-JBH Isparta". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
  156. "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAT Ankara-Esenboğa Airport (ESB)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  157. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2F2 TC-JBR Ankara-Esenboga Airport (ESB)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  158. "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  159. "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  160. "Accident". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  161. "Hijacker 'threatened to blow up jet'". CNN. 4 October 2006. Archived from the original on 3 November 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  162. "Turkish plane crash in Amsterdam". BBC News. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  163. "Faulty altimeter led to plane's reduced speed". Reuters. 6 May 2010.
  164. "Faulty altimeter contributed to Turkish Airlines crash: officials". CBC News. 4 March 2009.
  165. "Altimeter 'had role' in air crash". BBC News. 4 March 2009.
  166. Hradecky, Simon (4 March 2015). "Accident: THY A333 at Kathmandu on Mar 4th 2015, runway excursion and nose gear collapse". The Aviation Herald. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  167. Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: THY A320 at Istanbul on Apr 25th 2015, hard landing, go-around, engine problem, gear problem, gear collapse, runway excursion". Aviation Herald. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  168. "Belarus' First Deputy Foreign Minister signs Book of Condolences at Kyrgyzstan's embassy". Belarusin Telegraph Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  169. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-412F TC-MCL Bishkek-Manas International Airport (FRU)". Aviation Safety Network. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  170. Hradecky, Simon (16 January 2017). "Crash: MyCargo B744 at Bishkek on Jan 16th 2017, impacted terrain on go around". The Aviation Herald. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  171. @TurkishAirlines (16 January 2017). "Regarding the ACT Airlines accident in Kyrgyzstan". Twitter. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017.
  172. https://www.businessinsider.com/turkish-airlines-boeing-737-crash-lands-in-odessa-ukraine-2019-11
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.