State Council of the People's Republic of China

The State Council, constitutionally[1] synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China.[3] It is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each of the cabinet-level executive departments.[4] Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councillors (of whom two are also ministers), and 25 in charge of the Council's constituent departments.[5] In the politics of the People's Republic of China, the Central People's Government forms one of three interlocking branches of power, the others being the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army. The State Council directly oversees the various subordinate People's Governments in the provinces, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Communist Party of China.

"Central People's Government" redirects here. For the central government of the PRC during 1949-1954, see Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–1954).
State Council of the
People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国国务院
Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn
Agency overview
Formed27 September 1954
Preceding agency
TypeExecutive branch of the central government
Executive body of the National People's Congress[1]
Highest organ of State administration[1]
JurisdictionGovernment of the People's Republic of China
HeadquartersState Council Hall, Zhongnanhai, Beijing
Motto"Serve the People"
Annual budget$2.7 trillion (2019)[2]
Agency executives
Child agencies
WebsiteEnglish.gov.cn
China
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State Council of the People's Republic of China
Simplified Chinese中华人民共和国国务院
Traditional Chinese中華人民共和國國務院
Literal meaning"Chinese People('s) Republic State Affair(s) Court"
State Council
(commonly used abbreviation)
Simplified Chinese国务院
Traditional Chinese國務院
Literal meaning"The Court of State Affairs"
Central People's Government
(Constitutional synonym[1])
Chinese中央人民政府
Literal meaningCentral People('s) Government

Organization

The State Council meets every six months. Between meetings it is guided by a Standing Committee that meets weekly. The standing committee includes the premier, one executive vice premier, three vice premiers, and five other state councilors (normally one of whom serves as Secretary-General of the State Council, and two of whom concurrently serve as ministers).

The vice-premiers and state councilors are nominated by the premier, and appointed by the president with National People's Congress' (NPC) approval. Incumbents may serve two successive five-year terms.

Each vice premier oversees certain areas of administration. Each State Councilor performs duties as designated by the Premier. The secretary-general heads the General Office which handles the day-to-day work of the State Council. The secretary-general has relatively little power and should not be confused with the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.

Each ministry supervises one sector. Commissions outrank ministries and set policies for and coordinate the related activities of different administrative organs. Offices deal with matters of ongoing concern. Bureaus and administrations rank below ministries.

In addition to the 25 ministries, there are 38 centrally administered government organizations that report directly to the state council. The heads of these organizations attend full meetings of the state committee on an irregular basis.

In practice, the vice premiers and State Councilors assume responsibility for one or more sectors or issues, and remain in contact with the various bodies responsible for policy related to that area. This allows the Standing Committee to oversee a wide range of government functions.

The State Council, like all other governmental bodies, is nominally responsible to the NPC and its Standing Committee in conducting a wide range of government functions both at the national and at the local levels, and nominally acts by virtue of the NPC's authority. In practice, however, the NPC had historically done little more than ratify decisions already made by the State Council. More recently, however, the NPC has taken on a more independent role. There has been at least one case where the NPC has outright rejected an initiative of the State Council and a few cases where the State Council has withdrawn or greatly modified a proposal in response to NPC opposition.

The State Council and the Communist Party of China are also tightly interlocked. With rare exceptions, State Councilors are high-ranking members of the CPC. Although, as Party members, they are supposed to follow Party instructions, because they tend to be senior members of the Party they also have substantial influence over what those instructions are. This results in a system which is unlike the Soviet practice in which the Party effectively controlled the State. Rather, the Party and State are fused at this level of government. The members of the State Council derive their authority from being members of the state, while as members of the Party they coordinate their activities and determine key decisions such as the naming of personnel.

There were attempts to separate the party and state in the late 1980s under Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang and have the Party in charge of formulating policy and the State Council executing policy, but these efforts were largely abandoned in the early 1990s.

As the chief administrative organ of government, its main functions are to formulate administrative measures, issue decisions and orders, and monitor their implementation; draft legislative bills for submission to the NPC or its Standing Committee; and prepare the economic plan and the state budget for deliberation and approval by the NPC. The State Council is the functional center of state power and clearinghouse for government initiatives at all levels. With the government's emphasis on economic modernization, the State Council clearly acquired additional importance and influence.

The State Council controls the Ministry for National Defense but does not control the People's Liberation Army, which is instead controlled by the Central Military Commission.

Members
Main article: Li Keqiang Government

Executive Meeting
Members of the Executive Meeting of the 13th State Council (March 2018 – March 2023)
# Portrait
Name		 Birth
year		 Government posts Duties Party Party positions Functional roles
1
Li Keqiang
李克强		 1955 Premier Overall work of the State Council CPC Member, 19th PSC
Secretary, SC Party Group		 Deputy Chairman, Central National Security Commission
Director, Central Institutional Organization Commission
Director, National Defense Mobilization Commission
Director, National Energy Commission
2
Han Zheng
韩正		 1954 Vice Premier

(first-ranked)

 Develop & reform, institutional reform, etc. CPC Member, 19th PSC
Deputy Secretary, SC Party Group
3
Sun Chunlan
孙春兰
(female)		 1950 Vice Premier Education, health, sport, etc. CPC Member, 19th Politburo
Member, SC Party Group		 国家科技教育领导小组副组长
国务院深化医药卫生体制改革领导小组组长
国务院防治艾滋病工作委员会主任
国务院学位委员会主任
国务院妇女儿童工作委员会主任
中国足球改革领导小组组长
4
Hu Chunhua
胡春华		 1963 Vice Premier Agricultural and rural affairs, anti-poverty, water resources, foreign trade CPC Member, 19th Politburo
Member, SC Party Group		 国家防汛抗旱总指挥部总指挥
国务院抗震救灾指挥部指挥长
国务院扶贫开发领导小组组长
5 Liu He
刘鹤		 1952 Vice Premier Finance, science and technology, industry and transport CPC Member, 19th Politburo
Member, SC Party Group		 Director of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission Office
6
General
Wei Fenghe
魏凤和		 1954 State Councilor

Minister of National Defense

 National defense mobilization, etc. CPC Member, 19th Central Committee
Member, SC Party Group
Member, Central Military Commission		 Member, Central Foreign Affairs Commission
Director, 国家边海防委员会
7 Wang Yong
王勇		 1955 State Councilor Emergency management, etc. CPC Member, 19th Central Committee
Member, SC Party Group		 中央财经领导小组成员
国务院安全生产委员会副主任
国家减灾委员会主任
国务院残疾人工作委员会主任
全国老龄工作委员会主任
8
Wang Yi
王毅		 1953 State Councilor

Minister of Foreign Affairs

 Foreign affairs CPC Member, 19th Central Committee
Member, SC Party Group		 Member, Central Foreign Affairs Commission
9
Xiao Jie
肖捷		 1957 State Councillor

Secretary-General

 In charge of the General Office CPC Member, 19th Central Committee
Member, SC Party Group
Secretary, SC Offices Party Group
10
Police Commissioner-General
Zhao Kezhi
赵克志		 1953 State Councillor

Minister of Public Security

 Public security, etc. CPC Member, 19th Central Committee
Member, SC Party Group		 Member, Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission
Member, Central National Security Commission
国家禁毒委员会主任
国家反恐怖工作领导小组组长
国务院安全生产委员会副主任

Plenary Meeting

The Plenary Meeting of State Council is hosted by the Premier, joined by Vice Premiers, State Councilor, Ministers (of Ministry), Ministers (in charge of Commissions), the Governor of People's Bank, the Auditor-General and the Secretary General. It usually runs bi-annually and when necessary, non-members can be invited to participate.

Organizational structure

General Office of the State Council
Main article: General Office of the State Council

Constituent Departments of the State Council (cabinet-level)
Main article: Ministries of the People's Republic of China
Constituent Departments of the 13th State Council (March 2018 – March 2023)
# Logo Name of Ministry/Agency Year Established Current Chief Party Reports To
1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
外交部		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)		 Wang Yi
王毅
State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs		 CPC General Secretary Xi Jinping (Director of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission)
∟ Yang Jiechi (Director of the CFAC Office)
2 Ministry of National Defense
国防部		 1954 (of PRC) General
Wei Fenghe
魏凤和
(Member of the Central Military Commission)
State Councilor and Minister of National Defense		 CPC General Secretary Xi Jinping (Chairman of the Central Military Commission)
3 National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)
国家发展和改革委员会		 2003 He Lifeng
何立峰
(Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee)
Minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission		 CPC Vice-Premier Han Zheng
4 Ministry of Education (MOE)
教育部		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)		 Chen Baosheng
陈宝生
Minister of Education		 CPC Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan
5 Ministry of Science and Technology
科学技术部		 1998 Wang Zhigang
王志刚
Minister of Science and Technology		 CPC Vice-Premier Liu He
6 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT)
工业和信息化部		 2008 Miao Wei
苗圩
Minister of Industry and Information Technology		 CPC
7 State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC)
国家民族事务委员会		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)		 Bagatur (Mongol)
ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ
巴特尔
(Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee)
Minister in charge of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission		 CPC You Quan (Head of the CPC Central Committee United Front Work Department)
8 Ministry of Public Security (MPS)
公安部		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)		 Police Commissioner-General
Zhao Kezhi
赵克志
State Councilor and Minister of Public Security		 CPC Guo Shengkun (Secretary of the CPC Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission)
9 Ministry of State Security (MSS)
国家安全部		 1983 Chen Wenqing
陈文清
Minister of State Security		 CPC
10 Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA)
民政部		 1978 Huang Shuxian
黄树贤
Minister of Civil Affairs		 CPC
11 Ministry of Justice
司法部		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)
1979 (re-established)		 Fu Zhenghua
傅政华
Minister of Justice		 CPC Guo Shengkun (Secretary of the CPC Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission)
12 Ministry of Finance
财政部		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)		 Liu Kun
刘昆Minister of Finance		 CPC Vice-Premier Han Zheng
13 Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS)
人力资源和社会保障部		 2008 Zhang Jinan
张纪南
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security		 CPC Vice-Premier Hu Chunhua
14 Ministry Natural Resources
自然资源部		 2018 Lu Hao
陆昊
Minister of Natural Resources		 CPC Vice-Premier Han Zheng
15 Ministry of Ecology and Environment
生态环境部		 2018 Li Ganjie
李干杰
Minister of Ecology and Environment		 CPC
16 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
住房和城乡建设部		 2008 Wang Menghui
王蒙徽
Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development		 CPC
17 Ministry of Transport (MOT)
交通运输部		 2008 Li Xiaopeng
李小鹏
Minister of Transport		 CPC Vice-Premier Liu He
18 Ministry of Water Resources
水利部		 1949 (of CPG)
1954 (of PRC)		 E Jingping
鄂竟平
Minister of Water Resources		 CPC Vice-Premier Hu Chunhua
19 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
农业农村部		 2018 Han Changfu
韩长赋
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs		 CPC
20 Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM)
商务部		 2003 Zhong Shan
钟山
Minister of Commerce		 CPC
21 Ministry of Culture and Tourism
文化和旅游部		 2018 Luo Shugang
雒树刚
Minister of Culture and Tourism		 CPC Huang Kunming (Head of the CPC Central Committee Publicity Department)
22 National Health Commission
国家卫生健康委员会		 2018 Ma Xiaowei
马晓伟
Minister in charge of the National Health Commission		 CPC Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan
23 Ministry of Veterans Affairs
退役军人事务部		 2018 Sun Shaocheng
孙绍骋
Minister of Veterans Affairs		 CPC
24 Ministry of Emergency Management
应急管理部		 2018 Wang Yupu
王玉普
Minister of Emergency Management		 CPC State Councilor Wang Yong
25 People's Bank of China (PBC)
中国人民银行		 1948 Yi Gang
易纲
Governor of the People's Bank of China		 CPC Vice-Premier Liu He (Director of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission Office)
26 National Audit Office
审计署		 1983 Hu Zejun (female)
胡泽君
Auditor-General of the National Audit Office		 CPC Premier Li Keqiang
∟ Vice-Premier Han Zheng

Special Organization directly under the State Council

Organizations directly under the State Council
  1. General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国海关总署)
  2. State Administration of Taxation (国家税务总局)
  3. State Administration for Market Regulation (国家市场监督管理总局)
  4. National Radio and Television Administration (国家广播电影总局)
  5. General Administration of Sport (国家体育总局)
  6. National Bureau of Statistics (国家统计局)
  7. China International Development Cooperation Agency (国家国际发展合作署)
  8. National Healthcare Security Administration (国家医疗保障局)
  9. Counsellors' Office of the State Council (国务院参事室)
  10. National Government Offices Administration (国家机关事务管理局), formerly the "Government Offices Administration of the State Council" (国务院机关事务管理局)
  11. National Press and Publication Administration (国家新闻出版署), additional name "National Copyright Administration" (国家版权局), a name reserved by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China
  12. National Religious Affairs Administration (国家宗教事务局), a name reserved by the United Front Work Department of the Communist Party of China
  13. Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR (中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署)

Administrative Offices of the State Council
  1. Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council (国务院港澳事务办公室)
  2. State Council Research Office (国务院研究室)

Reserved Names

Institutions directly under the State Council

State Administrations and Bureaus administrated by ministry-level agencies
  1. National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration (国家信访局), administrated by the State Council General Office
  2. National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (国家粮食和物资储备局), administrated by the National Development and Reform Commission
  3. National Energy Administration (国家能源局), administrated by the National Development and Reform Commission
  4. State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (国家国防科技工业局), administrated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  5. State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (国家烟草专卖局) (officially sharing its office with China National Tobacco Corporation), administrated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  6. National Immigration Administration (国家移民管理局), administrated by the Ministry of Public Security
  7. National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), administrated by the Ministry of Natural Resources
  8. National Railway Administration (国家铁路局), administrated by the Ministry of Transport
  9. Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) (中国民用航空局), administrated by the Ministry of Transport
  10. State Post Bureau (国家邮政局), administrated by the Ministry of Transport, officially sharing its office with China Post Group Corporation
  11. National Cultural Heritage Administration (国家文物局), administrated by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism
  12. National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (国家中医药管理局), administrated by the National Health Commission
  13. National Coal Mine Safety Administration (国家煤矿安全监察局), administrated by the Ministry of Emergency Management
  14. State Administration of Foreign Exchange (国家外汇管理局), administrated by the People's Bank of China
  15. National Medical Products Administration (国家药品监督管理局), formerly China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (国家食品药品监督管理总局), now administrated by the State Administration for Market Regulation
  16. National Intellectual Property Administration (国家知识产权局), administrated by the State Administration for Market Regulation

Names Reserved

See also

References
  1. Article 85 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China
  2. "Government Revenue Growth Dips to More Than Three-Decade Low - Caixin Global".
  3. "The State Council". English.peopledaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2014-11-22. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  4. "The State Council". Gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  5. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-24. Retrieved 2011-12-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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