Ohio's 6th congressional district

Ohio's 6th congressional district
	Ohio's 6th congressional district - since January 3, 2013.
	Bill Johnson; R–Marietta
Distribution	57.32% rural[1]; 42.68% urban;
Population (2016)	703,190[2]
Median income	$47,067[3]
Ethnicity	95.13% white; 3.73% Asian; 2.55% black; 1.13% Hispanic; 0.4% Native American;
Cook PVI	R+16[4]

Ohio's 6th congressional district is represented by Representative Bill Johnson (R-OH). This district runs along the southeast side of the state, bordering Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. It stretches from rural Lucasville through Athens and several older Ohio River industrial towns all the way to the Youngstown city limits.[5]

History

When Robert McEwen was first elected in 1980, the Sixth District of Ohio consisted of Adams, Brown, Clinton, Fayette, Highland, Pickaway, Pike, Scioto, and Ross Counties plus Clermont County outside the city of Loveland, Harrison Township in Vinton County and the Warren County townships of Clearcreek, Deerfield, Hamilton, Harlan, Massie, Salem, and Wayne.[6] At that time, The Washington Post described the Sixth as "a fail-safe Republican district."[7]

The Ohio General Assembly redrew the Sixth District following the results of the 1980 Census. The boundaries from 1983 to 1987 included all of Adams, Clinton, Fayette, Highland, Hocking, Jackson, Pike, Ross, Scioto, Vinton and Warren Counties, plus Waterloo and York Townships in Athens County; Wayne Township in Clermont County; Concord, Jasper, Marion, Perry, Union, and Wayne Townships in Fayette County; and Washington Township and the Cities of Miamisburg and West Carrollton in Montgomery County.[8]

Beginning with the 100th Congress in 1987, adjustments were made by the legislature to the boundaries; reapportionment between censuses is unusual in American politics. A small part of the Montgomery County territory was detached, as were parts of Fayette County in Washington Court House in Union Township and the townships of Jasper and Marion. Part of Brown County was added, Jackson and Eagle Townships. These were the boundaries for the rest of McEwen's service in Congress.[9]

The district was largely rural and agricultural with no large cities. One of the major industries was the United States Department of Energy's Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant at Piketon, which manufactured uranium for nuclear weapons. The district was 97 per cent white with a median household income of $21,761.[10]

In 1992, the district was altered significantly to accommodate Ohio's loss of two House seats in redistricting. The state legislature anticipated that Clarence Miller of the neighboring Tenth District would retire, and thus combined the southern end of his district (which included Athens, Gallipolis, and Ironton) with most of the area previously represented by McEwen. Although the district did not include Miller's hometown of Lancaster, Miller decided not to retire and instead challenged McEwen in the Sixth District primary in 1992. The campaign was bitter, and McEwen eked out only a narrow victory. In November, McEwen was upset by Democrat Ted Strickland, a prison psychologist. Strickland himself was defeated in 1994 by Republican Frank Cremeans, but won the seat back in 1996.

For 2002 the district was shifted dramatically eastward to make the seat friendlier for Strickland. At the same time, it effectively ended the career of James Traficant in the neighboring 17th District by placing his hometown of Poland into the 6th. Traficant opted to run in his old district and lost. The district currently includes all of Belmont, Carroll, Columbiana, Gallia, Guernsey, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Meigs, Monroe, Noble and Washington counties, and portions of Athens, Mahoning, Muskingum, Scioto and Tuscarawas counties.

In 2010, Republican Bill Johnson defeated incumbent Democrat Charles Wilson, returning the seat Republican for the first time since 1997. Following the 2010 United States Census, the bounds of the sixth district were changed again as Ohio lost two seats in Congress.[11]

In recent years and like much of coal country, the district has swung decidedly toward the Republican Party at local, state and national levels. Going from what was once a dead heat in presidential elections, such as in 2000 or 2004, to a 42-point win for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in 2016.

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Year(s)	Cong ress	Electoral history
District created		March 4, 1813
Vacant		March 4, 1813 – April 20, 1813	13th	Member-elect John Stark Edwards died before commencement of term.
Reasin Beall	Democratic-Republican	April 20, 1813 – June 7, 1814		Elected to finish Edwards's term. Resigned.
Vacant		June 7, 1814 – October 11, 1814
David Clendenin	Democratic-Republican	October 11, 1814 – March 3, 1817	13th 14th	Elected to finish Beall's term. Also elected the same day in 1814 to the next term. Lost re-election.
Peter Hitchcock	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1819	15th	Elected in 1816. Lost re-election.
John Sloane	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1819 – March 3, 1823	16th 17th	Elected in 1816. Re-elected in 1818. Re-elected in 1820. Redistricted to the 12th district.
Duncan McArthur	Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th	Elected in 1822. Lost re-election.
John Thomson	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827	19th	Elected in 1824. Lost re-election.
William Creighton Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1827 – ????, 1828	20th	Elected in 1826. Resigned to when appointed U.S. District Court for the District of Ohio.
Vacant		????, 1828 – December 19, 1828
Francis Swaine Muhlenberg	Anti-Jacksonian	December 19, 1828 – March 3, 1829		Elected to finish Creighton's term. Was not elected to the next term.
William Creighton Jr.	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1833	21st 22nd	Elected in 1828. [data unknown/missing]
Samuel Finley Vinton	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835	23rd 24th	Redistricted from the 7th district. [data unknown/missing]
Samuel Finley Vinton	Whig	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837	23rd 24th
Calvary Morris	Whig	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1843	25th 26th 27th	[data unknown/missing]
Henry St. John	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1847	28th 29th	[data unknown/missing]
Rodolphus Dickinson	Democratic	March 4, 1847 – March 20, 1849	30th 31st	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Amos E. Wood	Democratic	December 3, 1849 – November 19, 1850	31st	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		November 19, 1850 – January 7, 1851
John Bell	Whig	January 7, 1851 – March 3, 1851		Elected to finish Wood's term. [data unknown/missing]
Frederick W. Green	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 9th district.
Andrew Ellison	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	[data unknown/missing]
Jonas R. Emrie	Opposition	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	[data unknown/missing]
Joseph R. Cockerill	Democratic	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859	35th	[data unknown/missing]
William Howard	Democratic	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	36th	[data unknown/missing]
Chilton A. White	Democratic	March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1865	37th 38th	[data unknown/missing]
Reader W. Clarke	Republican	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1869	39th 40th	[data unknown/missing]
John Armstrong Smith	Republican	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	[data unknown/missing]
Isaac R. Sherwood	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	[data unknown/missing]
Frank H. Hurd	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	44th	[data unknown/missing]
Jacob Dolson Cox	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	[data unknown/missing]
William D. Hill	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881	46th	[data unknown/missing]
James M. Ritchie	Republican	March 3, 1881 – March 3, 1883	47th	[data unknown/missing]
William D. Hill	Democratic	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887	48th 49th	[data unknown/missing]
Melvin M. Boothman	Republican	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1891	50th 51st	[data unknown/missing]
Dennis D. Donovan	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 5th district.
George W. Hulick	Republican	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1897	53rd 54th	[data unknown/missing]
Seth W. Brown	Republican	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1901	55th 56th	[data unknown/missing]
Charles Q. Hildebrant	Republican	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1905	57th 58th	[data unknown/missing]
Thomas E. Scroggy	Republican	March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907	59th	[data unknown/missing]
Matthew Denver	Democratic	March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1913	60th 61st 62nd	[data unknown/missing]
Simeon D. Fess	Republican	March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915	63rd	[data unknown/missing] Redistricted to the 7th district.
Charles Cyrus Kearns	Republican	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1931	64th 65th 66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st	[data unknown/missing]
James G. Polk	Democratic	March 3, 1931 – January 3, 1941	72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th	[data unknown/missing]
Jacob E. Davis	Democratic	January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943	77th	[data unknown/missing]
Edward Oscar McCowen	Republican	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1949	78th 79th 80th	[data unknown/missing]
James G. Polk	Democratic	January 3, 1949 – April 28, 1959	81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th	[data unknown/missing] Died.
Vacant		April 28, 1959 – November 8, 1960	86th
Ward Miller	Republican	November 8, 1960 – January 3, 1961	86th	Elected to finish Polk's term. [data unknown/missing]
Bill Harsha	Republican	January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1981	87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th	Elected in 1960. [data unknown/missing]
Bob McEwen	Republican	January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1993	97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd	[data unknown/missing]
Ted Strickland	Democratic	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1995	103rd	[data unknown/missing]
Frank Cremeans	Republican	January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1997	104th	[data unknown/missing]
Ted Strickland	Democratic	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2007	105th 106th 107th 108th 109th	[data unknown/missing] Retired to become Governor of Ohio.
Charlie Wilson	Democratic	January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2011	110th 111th	[data unknown/missing]
Bill Johnson	Republican	January 3, 2011 – present	112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	[data unknown/missing]

Recent election results

The following chart shows historic election results.

Year	Democratic	Republican	Other
1920	Cleona Searles: 30,903	√ Charles C. Kearns (Incumbent): 38,044	—
1922	William N. Gableman: 28,939	√ Charles C. Kearns (Incumbent): 32,416	—
1924	Edward N. Kennedy:[12] 29,283	√ Charles C. Kearns (Incumbent): 33,064	—
1926	Edward H. Kennedy:[12] 24,730	√ Charles C. Kearns (Incumbent): 27,688	—
1928	George D. Nye: 33,020	√ Charles C. Kearns (Incumbent): 43,519	—
1930	√ James G. Polk: 37,158	Charles C. Kearns (Incumbent): 33,300	—
1932	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 50,913	Mack Sauer: 39,668	—
1934	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 42,340	Albert L. Daniels: 38,538	Mark A. Crawford: 312
1936	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 54,904	Emory F. Smith: 45,733	—
1938	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 43,646	Emory F. Smith: 42,847	—
1940	√ Jacob E. Davis: 52,769	Chester P. Fitch: 48,257	—
1942	Jacob E. Davis (Incumbent): 31,793	√ Edward O. McCowen: 33,171	—
1944	John W. Bush: 42,167	√ Edward O. McCowen (Incumbent): 45,284	—
1946	Franklin E. Smith: 33,013	√ Edward O. McCowen (Incumbent): 39,992	—
1948	√ James G. Polk: 46,944	Edward O. McCowen (Incumbent): 41,402	—
1950	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 40,335	Edward O. McCowen: 38,996	—
1952	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 67,220	Leo Blackburn: 66,896	—
1954	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 54,044	Leo Blackburn: 49,531	—
1956	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 72,229	Albert L. Daniels: 60,300	—
1958	√ James G. Polk (Incumbent): 76,566	Elmer S. Barrett: 46,924	—
1960	Franklin E. Smith: 65,045	√ Bill Harsha: 80,124	—
1960 s[lower-alpha 1]	Gladys E. Davis: 61,713	√ Ward Miller: 76,520	—
1962	Jerry C. Rasor: 47,737	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 72,743	—
1964	Franklin E. Smith: 57,223	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 86,015	—
1966	Ottie W. Reno: 35,345	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 74,847	—
1968	Kenneth L. Kirby: 40,964	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 107,289	—
1970	Raymond H. Stevens: 39,265	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 82,772	—
1972	—	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 128,394	—
1974	Lloyd Allan Wood: 42,316	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 93,400	—
1976	Ted Strickland: 67,067	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 107,064	—
1978	Ted Strickland: 46,313	√ Bill Harsha (Incumbent): 85,592	—
1980	Ted Strickland: 84,235	√ Bob McEwen: 101,288	—
1982	Lynn Alan Grimshaw: 63,435	√ Bob McEwen (Incumbent): 92,135	—
1984	Bob Smith: 52,727	√ Bob McEwen (Incumbent): 150,101	—
1986	Gordon R. Roberts: 42,155	√ Bob McEwen (Incumbent): 106,354	Amos Seeley: 2,829
1988	Gordon R. Roberts: 52,635	√ Bob McEwen (Incumbent): 152,235	—
1990	Ray Mitchell: 47,415	√ Bob McEwen (Incumbent): 117,220	—
1992	√ Ted Strickland: 122,720	Bob McEwen (Incumbent):[lower-alpha 2] 119,252	—
1994	Ted Strickland (Incumbent): 87,861	√ Frank Cremeans: 91,263	—
1996	√ Ted Strickland: 118,003	Frank Cremeans (Incumbent): 111,907	—
1998	√ Ted Strickland (Incumbent): 102,852	Nancy P. Hollister: 77,711	—
2000	√ Ted Strickland (Incumbent): 138,849	Mike Azinger: 96,966	Kenneth R. MacCutcheon (L): 4,759
2002	√ Ted Strickland (Incumbent): 113,972	Mike Halleck: 77,643	—
2004	√ Ted Strickland (Incumbent): 223,884	None	John Stephen Luchansky (Write-in): 145
2006	√ Charles A. Wilson Jr.: 131,322	Chuck Blasdel: 80,705	—
2008	√ Charles A. Wilson Jr. (Incumbent): 176,330	Richard Stobbs: 92,968	Dennis Spisak (G): 13,812
2010	Charles A. Wilson Jr. (Incumbent): 91,039	√ Bill Johnson: 101,580	Richard Cadle (C): 4,963 Martin Elass (L): 4,424
2012[13]	Charles A. Wilson Jr.: 144,444	√ Bill Johnson (Incumbent): 164,536
2014	Jennifer Garrison: 73,561	√ Bill Johnson (Incumbent): 111,026	Dennis Lambert (G): 6,065
2016	Michael L. Lorentz: 88,780	√ Bill Johnson (Incumbent): 213,975
2018	Shawna Roberts: 76,716	√ Bill Johnson (Incumbent): 172,774	—

Competitiveness

Election results from presidential races:

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	George W. Bush 49 - Al Gore 47%
2004	President	George W. Bush 51 - John Kerry 49%
2008	President	John McCain 50 - Barack Obama 48%
2012	President	Mitt Romney 55 - Barack Obama 43%
2016	President	Donald Trump 69 - Hillary Clinton 27%

Historical district boundaries

2003 - 2013

Notes and references

https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html
https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=06
https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=06
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
http://www.ohiofreepress.com/2010/ohio-congressional-districts-map/
Ohio. Secretary of State. Official Roster of Federal, State, and County Officers and Departmental Information for 1991-1992. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 1991. 330-335.
"Election 80: New Faces in the House". The Washington Post. November 23, 1980. A15.
Ohio. Secretary of State. Official Roster of Federal, State, and County Officers and Departmental Information for 1991-1992. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 1991. 330-335; United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Printing. 1987-1988 Official Congressional Directory, 100th Congress. Duncan Nystrom, editor. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1987.
Ohio. Secretary of State. Official Roster of Federal, State, and County Officers and Departmental Information for 1991-1992. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 1991. 330-335; United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Printing. 1991-1992 Official Congressional Directory, 102d Congress. Duncan Nystrom, editor. S. Pub. 102-4. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1991.
Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa. The Almanac of American Politics, 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Journal, 1993. ISBN 0-89234-058-4.
"APPORTIONMENT POPULATION AND NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES, BY STATE: 2010 CENSUS" (PDF). US Census. December 21, 2010. Retrieved December 21, 2010.
Probable error in records: Edward H. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee in 1926, and Edward N. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee in 1924, are most probably the same person. Which name is correct is unknown.
"2012 Election Results". Ohio Secretary of State.

A separate, special election was held to fill out Polk's unexpired term. Miller, the winner of this election, served the remainder of 1960, until Harsha's term began in 1961.
Redistricting following the 1990 census resulted in putting two Republican incumbents, Bob McEwen and Clarence E. Miller (incumbent in the 10th District), in the new Sixth District. McEwen defeated Miller in a bitterly fought Republican primary election in 1992.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

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[1] ttps://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html

[2] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=06

[3] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=39&cd=06

[Cook-4] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[5] ttp://www.ohiofreepress.com/2010/ohio-congressional-districts-map/

[SecState-6] Ohio. Secretary of State. Official Roster of Federal, State, and County Officers and Departmental Information for 1991-1992. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 1991. 330-335.

[Election1980-7] "Election 80: New Faces in the House". The Washington Post. November 23, 1980. A15.

[87CongDir-8] Ohio. Secretary of State. Official Roster of Federal, State, and County Officers and Departmental Information for 1991-1992. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 1991. 330-335; United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Printing. 1987-1988 Official Congressional Directory, 100th Congress. Duncan Nystrom, editor. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1987.

[91CongDir-9] Ohio. Secretary of State. Official Roster of Federal, State, and County Officers and Departmental Information for 1991-1992. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 1991. 330-335; United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Printing. 1991-1992 Official Congressional Directory, 102d Congress. Duncan Nystrom, editor. S. Pub. 102-4. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1991.

[Almanac2-10] Michael Barone and Grant Ujifusa. The Almanac of American Politics, 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Journal, 1993. ISBN 0-89234-058-4.

[11] "APPORTIONMENT POPULATION AND NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES, BY STATE: 2010 CENSUS" (PDF). US Census. December 21, 2010. Retrieved December 21, 2010.

[Kennedy-12] Probable error in records: Edward H. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee in 1926, and Edward N. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee in 1924, are most probably the same person. Which name is correct is unknown.

[15] "2012 Election Results". Ohio Secretary of State.

[1960_special-13] A separate, special election was held to fill out Polk's unexpired term. Miller, the winner of this election, served the remainder of 1960, until Harsha's term began in 1961.

[1992_election-14] Redistricting following the 1990 census resulted in putting two Republican incumbents, Bob McEwen and Clarence E. Miller (incumbent in the 10th District), in the new Sixth District. McEwen defeated Miller in a bitterly fought Republican primary election in 1992.