Ngardi language

Ngardi (Ngarti) or Ngardilj, also called Bunara, is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language.

Ngardi
Bunara
Native to	Australia
Region	Northern Territory and Western Australia
Ethnicity	Ngardi
Native speakers	3 (2016 census)[1]
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Ngumbin? Wati? Ngardi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	rxd
Glottolog	ngar1288[2]
AIATSIS[1]	A69

Classication

Capell (1962) considered Ngardi, Warlpiri, and Warlmanpa to be dialects of a single language. R. M. W. Dixon (2002) grouped Ngardi together with Warlpiri and Warlmanpa in the Yapa group, but admitted that this was based on limited data. McConvell and Laughren (2004) showed that it was in Ngumbin, a closely related group, and this was followed in Honeyman (2005). However, Bowern (2011) listed it as a more distant Wati language.[3]

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Low	a

Consonants

	Peripheral		Laminal	Apical
	Bilabial	Velar	Palatal	Alveolar	Retroflex
Stop	p	k	c	t	ʈ
Nasal	m	ŋ	ɲ	n	ɳ
Lateral			ʎ	l	ɭ
Rhotic				r	ɻ
Semivowel	w		j

References

1. A69 Ngardi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ngardi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Bowern, Claire. 2011 "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)

• Capell, A. (1962). Some linguistic types in Australia. Sydney: Oceania Publications.
• Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Honeyman, Tom (2005). Topic and Focus in Ngardi. thesis. University of Sydney.
• McConvell and Laughren (2004) "The Ngumpin-Yapa subgroup". In Claire Bowern & Harold Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.