List of the Cenozoic life of Washington (state)

This list of the Cenozoic life of Washington contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Washington and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A
  • Abdiunguis
  • Abies
  • Acanthocardia
    • †Acanthocardia brewerii
  • Acer[2]
  • Acharax
    • †Acharax dalli
  • †Acherontemys – type locality for genus
    • †Acherontemys heckmani – type locality for species
  • Acidota
    • Acidota crenata
  • Acila
    • †Acila conradi
    • †Acila decisa
    • †Acila gettysburgensis
    • †Acila pugetensis
  • Aclypea
  • Acrulia
    • †Acrulia tumidula
  • Actium
  • †Acutostrea
    • †Acutostrea idriaensis
  • †Adamsochrysa
    • †Adamsochrysa wilsoni – type locality for species
  • Illustration of an Aegialia dung beetle
    Aegialia
  • Aesculus[2]
    • †Aesculus hankinsii - type locality for species[5]
  • Aforia
    • †Aforia clallamensis
  • Agabus
  • Agathidium
  • †Aglyptorhynchus
    • †Aglyptorhynchus columbianus – type locality for species
  • Agonum
  • Fossilized wing and holotype specimen of the Eocene lacewing Ainigmapsychops
    †Ainigmapsychops – type locality for genus[6]
    • †Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus – type locality for species[6]
  • †Alilepus
    • †Alilepus vagus
    • †Alilepus wilsoni – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Allantodiopsis
    • †Allantodiopsis erosa[7]
    • †Allantodiopsis pugetensis[8][2]
    • †Allantodiopsis undescribed species[2]
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene seal Allodesmus
    †Allodesmus
  • †Allophylus
    • †Allophylus duktothensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Allorapisma – type locality for genus[9]
    • †Allorapisma chuorum – type locality for species[9]
  • Alniphagus
  • Alnus
    • †Alnus carpinoides[10]
    • †Alnus kluckingi - type locality for species[8]
    • †Alnus operia[8]
    • A fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene Alder species Alnus parvifolia
      †Alnus parvifolia - type locality for species [11]
  • Altica
    • †Altica lazulina – or unidentified comparable form
  • Amaea
    • †Amaea olympicensis
    • †Amaea washingtonensis
  • Amara
    • †Amara conflata – or unidentified comparable form
  • Amauropsis
    • †Amauropsis blakeleyensis
  • Amia
    • †Amia hesperia[12]
  • Ammospermophilus
    • †Ammospermophilus hanfordi
  • Amphimorphina
    • †Amphimorphina californica
  • Amphistegina
  • Fossilized skeleton found in Republic belonging to the Eocene-Oligocene sucker fish Amyzon aggregatum
    †Amyzon[12]
    • †Amyzon aggregatum[12]
  • †Anacardites
    • †Anacardites franklinensis – type locality for species[8]
  • Anadara
    • †Anadara devincta
    • †Anadara lakei – or unidentified related form
  • †Anamirta
    • †Anamirta milleri – or unidentified comparable form
  • Ancistrolepis
    • †Ancistrolepis rearensis
  • †Anechinocardium
    • †Anechinocardium lorenzanum
    • †Anechinocardium weaveri – or unidentified comparable form
  • Anemia[7]
    • †Anemia elongata[7]
  • Anthrax
    • †Anthrax dentoni – type locality for species
  • †Aperiploma
    • †Aperiploma bainbridgensis
  • †Aphelops
    • †Aphelops mutilus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Aphodius
  • Aphrocallistes
    • †Aphrocallistes polytretos – or unidentified comparable form
  • Apion
  • †Aporolepas
  • †Arceuthobium
  • †Archarax
    • †Archarax dalli
  • Arcoscalpellum
    • †Arcoscalpellum knapptonensis – type locality for species
    • †Arcoscalpellum raricostatum
  • †Arctostaphylos
    • †Arctostaphylos uvaursi
  • Shell of an Argobuccinum triton sea snail
    Argobuccinum
    • †Argobuccinum goodspeedi
    • †Argobuccinum mathewsonii
    • †Argobuccinum washingtoniana
  • Arpedium
    • †Arpedium cribratum
  • Artemisia
  • Artochia
    • †Artochia productifrons
  • Asiorestia
    • †Asiorestia pallida
  • †Asplenium
    • †Asplenium delicata – or unidentified comparable form
  • Astrangia
    • †Astrangia clarki – type locality for species
  • Astreopora
    • †Astreopora duwamishensis – type locality for species
    • †Astreopora sanjuanensis – type locality for species
  • Athyrium
    • †Athyrium gracilium - type locality for species[7]
  • Atomaria
  • Restoration of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia
    †Aturia
    • †Aturia alabamensis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Aturia angustata
    • †Aturia grandior – type locality for species
  • Auleutes
  • †Azolla

B

C

D
  • Danaea
    • †Danaea borealis - type locality for species[7]
  • Dascillus – tentative report
    • †Dascillus latahensis – type locality for species
  • Delectopecten
  • Deltocyathus
    • †Deltocyathus insperatus – type locality for species
  • Dendroctonus
  • A living Dendrophyllia cup coral
    Dendrophyllia
    • †Dendrophyllia cowlitzensis – type locality for species
    • †Dendrophyllia hannibali – type locality for species
    • †Dendrophyllia tejonensis
  • Dennstaedtia
    • †Dennstaedtia delicata - type locality for species[7]
  • Dentalina
    • †Dentalina consorbrina – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Dentalina dusenburyi – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Dentalina hispidocostata – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Dentalina longiscata
  • Dentalium
    • †Dentalium porterensis
    • †Dentalium pseudonyma
    • †Dentalium schencki
    • †Dentalium stramineum
  • †Dentimitra
    • †Dentimitra cretacea
  • †Desmatophoca
    • †Desmatophoca brachycephala – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene herbivorous marine mammal Desmostylus
    †Desmostylus
    • †Desmostylus hesperus
  • Dianous
    • †Dianous nitidulus
  • Diapterna
  • †Diceratherium
    • †Diceratherium annectens
  • Dicotylophyllum
    • †Dicotylophyllum kummerensis
  • †Dillhoffia[21]
    • †Dillhoffia cachensis[21]
  • †Dimorphastrea
    • †Dimorphastrea vaughani – type locality for species
  • †Dinofelis
    • †Dinofelis palaeoonca – or unidentified comparable form
  • A fossilized wing with original coloration found in Republic; the holotype specimen of the Eocene scorpionfly Dinokanaga andersoni
    †Dinokanaga[22]
    • †Dinokanaga andersoni – type locality for species[22]
    • †Dinokanaga dowsonae[22]
    • †Dinokanaga sternbergi – type locality for species[22]
  • Diodora
  • Diospyros[3]
    • †Diospyros washingtoniana - type locality for species[3]
  • †Diplodipelta
    • †Diplodipelta miocenica
  • Diplodonta
  • †Dipoides
    • †Dipoides rexroadensis
  • †Discotrochus
  • Dosinia
    • †Dosinia whitleyi
  • †Dryophyllum
    • †Dryophyllum pugetensis – type locality for species[8]
  • Illustration of a modern Dryopteris, or wood fern
    Dryopteris
    • †Dryopteris chuckanutensis - type locality for species[7]
    • †Dryopteris gibbsi - type locality for species[7]
    • †Dryopteris whatcomensis - type locality for species[7]
  • Dyschiriodes
  • Dyschirius
  • Dyslobus
  • Dytiscus
    • †Dytiscus latahensis – type locality for species

E
  • Echinophoria
    • †Echinophoria dalli
    • †Echinophoria trituberculata
  • †Ectinochilus
    • †Ectinochilus macilentus
  • Eggerella
    • †Eggerella bradyi – or unidentified comparable form
  • Elaphe
    • †Elaphe pliocenica
    • †Elaphe vulpina
  • A living Elaphrus ground beetle
    Elaphrus
  • Eleocharis
  • Elphidium
  • Emarginula
    • †Emarginula dotyhillsensis – type locality for species
  • †Enhydrocyon
  • †Eoceneithycerus - type locality for genus[23]
    • †Eoceneithycerus carpenteri - type locality for species[23]
  • †Eoprephasma – type locality for genus[24]
    • †Eoprephasma hichensi – type locality for species[24]
  • †Eopustularia
    • †Eopustularia goedertorum – type locality for species
  • †Eorpa
    • †Eorpa elverumi – type locality for species
    • †Eorpa ypsipeda – tentative report
  • †Eosalmo[12]
    • A fossilized skeleton found in Republic belonging to the Eocene salmon Eosalmo driftwoodensis
      †Eosalmo driftwoodensis[12]
  • Ephedra
  • Epitonium
    • †Epitonium berthiaumei
    • †Epitonium clallamense
    • †Epitonium olympicensis – or unidentified related form
    • †Epitonium schencki
  • Eponides
    • †Eponides mexicana
    • †Eponides yeguaensis
  • Epophthalmia
    • †Epophthalmia biordinata – type locality for species
  • Fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Eporeodon
    †Eporeodon
  • †Equisetum
    • †Equisetum alexanderi - type locality for species[10]
    • †Equisetum newberryi - type locality for species[7]
  • Equus
    • †Equus simplicidens
  • †Eratotrivia
    • †Eratotrivia crescentensis
  • Erginus
    • †Erginus vaderensis
  • Eucommia[25]
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene coyote-like canine Eucyon
    †Eucyon
    • †Eucyon davisi
  • Eulima
    • †Eulima clarki
  • †Eulimia
    • †Eulimia lewisiana
  • Eupatagus
    • †Eupatagus carolinensis – or unidentified related form
  • Eurete
    • †Eurete geoderti – tentative report
    • †Eurete goederti
  • Eurytellina
    • †Eurytellina lorenzoensis
  • A living Eusmilia stony coral
    Eusmilia
    • †Eusmilia bainbridgensis – type locality for species
  • Euspira
    • †Euspira hotsoni
    • †Euspira nuciformis
  • †Eutrephoceras
    • †Eutrephoceras eyerdami – type locality for species
  • †Exilia
    • †Exilia clarki
    • †Exilia dickersoni
    • †Exilia mclellani

F
  • Fagopsis[11]
    • Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene beech relative Fagopsis undulata
      Fagopsis undulata[11]
  • Fagus
    • †Fagus washoensis[2]
  • Falsifusus – tentative report
    • †Falsifusus marysvillensis
  • Farrea – tentative report
  • Felis
    • †Felis lacustris
  • †Ficopsis
    • †Ficopsis cowlitzensis
    • †Ficopsis redmondi – or unidentified comparable form
  • Ficus
    • †Ficus clallamensis
    • †Ficus modesta
    • †Ficus restorationensis
    • †Ficus washingtonensis
  • Flabellum
    • †Flabellum californicum
    • †Flabellum clarki
    • †Flabellum hertleini – type locality for species
  • †Florissantia
  • †Folindusia
    • †Folindusia miocenica – type locality for species
  • Fothergilla
  • Foveoscapha
  • †Fraxinus[2]
    • †Fraxinus yubaensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Fucaia – type locality for genus
    • †Fucaia buelli – type locality for species
    • †Fucaia goedertorum – type locality for species
  • Fulgoraria
    • †Fulgoraria indurata
    • †Fulgoraria weaveri
  • Fulgurofusus
    • †Fulgurofusus washingtonensis
    • †Fulgurofusus washingtoniana
  • A living Fusinus sea snail
    Fusinus
    • †Fusinus dilleri

G

H

I
  • Idas
  • Ilex[2]
    • Branches of a living Ilex opaca, or American holly, full of ripe fruit
      †Ilex opaca – or unidentified comparable form
  • Ilybius
  • †Involutina
    • †Involutina incertus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Ips
    • †Ips concinnus
  • Ischnochiton
    • †Ischnochiton goederti
  • Ischnosoma
    • †Ischnosoma pictum
  • Isochnus
    • †Isochnus rufipes
  • Isocrinus – tentative report
  • Isognomon
    • †Isognomon clarki
  • A modern Isurus, or mako shark
    Isurus
  • Itea[11]
  • †Ithyceroides – type locality for genus
    • †Ithyceroides klondikensis – type locality for species

J

K
  • Kalissus
    • †Kalissus nitidus
  • Katherinella
    • †Katherinella angustiformis
    • †Katherinella angustifrons
    • †Katherinella arnoldi
    • †Katherinella augustifrons
  • Kellia
    • †Kellia twinensis
  • †Klondikia – type locality for genus
    • †Klondikia whiteae – type locality for species
  • A living Koelreuteria tree
    Koelreuteria
    • †Koelreuteria dilcheri[32]
  • †Kolponomos
    • †Kolponomos clallamensis
  • †Kronokotherium – tentative report
  • †Kummelonautilus
    • †Kummelonautilus cookanus – or unidentified related form

L
  • Laccobius
    • †Laccobius ellipticus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Lamelliconcha
    • †Lamelliconcha eocenica
  • Lampropeltis
    • †Lampropeltis getulus
  • Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene witch-hazel relative Langeria magnifica
    †Langeria – type locality for genus[11]
    • †Langeria magnifica – type locality for species[11]
  • Lanternarius – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Lanternarius parrotus
  • Lapsus
    • †Lapsus tristis
  • †Latahcoris – type locality for genus
    • †Latahcoris spectatus – type locality for species
  • Latirus
    • †Latirus eocenica
  • Laurus
    • †Laurus grandis
  • †Leguminosites
    • †Leguminosites bonseri
  • Leiodes
  • Lemna
  • Lenticulina
  • A living Lepidochitona chiton
    Lepidochitona
    • †Lepidochitona lioplax
    • †Lepidochitona squiresi
    • †Lepidochitona washingtonensis
  • Lepidophorus
    • †Lepidophorus alternatus
  • Lepidopleurus
    • †Lepidopleurus propecajetanus
  • †Leptarctus
  • Leptastrea – tentative report
    • †Leptastrea hertleini
  • Leptochiton
    • †Leptochiton alveolus
  • Lepyrus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Leukoma
  • †Libotonius[33]
    • †Libotonius pearsoni[33]
  • Lioligus
  • Lioon
  • Liothorax
    • †Liothorax alternatus
  • Liotia
    • †Liotia washingtoniana – type locality for species
  • The autumn foliage of a living Liquidambar, or sweetgum tree
    Liquidambar
  • †Litorhadia
    • †Litorhadia washingtonensis
  • †Lophomastix
    • †Lophomastix altoonaensis
    • †Lophomastix antiqua
    • †Lophomastix boykoi
    • †Lophomastix kellyi
  • Loricera
  • Lucinoma
    • †Lucinoma acutilineata
    • †Lucinoma annulatum
    • †Lucinoma columbiana – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Lucinoma hannibali
  • Lycopodium[2]
  • Lygodium
    • †Lygodium kaulfussi[35]
  • A living Lynx
    Lynx
    • †Lynx canadensis
    • †Lynx rufus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Lyria
    • †Lyria andersoni

M
  • Macaranga
    • †Macaranga pugetensis – type locality for species[8][2]
  • †Macclintockia
    • †Macclintockia pugetensis – type locality for species[8]
  • Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene plane tree relative Macginitiea gracilis
    †Macginitiea[11]
    • †Macginitea angustilobia
    • †Macginitiea gracilis[11]
  • Macoma
    • †Macoma albaria
    • †Macoma astori
    • †Macoma calcarea
    • †Macoma inquinata
    • †Macoma nasuta
    • †Macoma secta – or unidentified related form
    • †Macoma snohomishensis
    • †Macoma sookensis
    • †Macoma twinensis
  • Macrocallista
    • †Macrocallista cathcartensis
  • Mactromeris
    • †Mactromeris albaria
    • †Mactromeris pittsburgensis
  • Madracis
    • †Madracis crescentensis – type locality for species
    • †Madracis stewarti – type locality for species
  • Magdalis
  • Magnolia
  • †Mammut
    • †Mammut americanum
  • †Mammuthus
    • †Mammuthus columbi
    • Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
      †Mammuthus primigenius
  • Marcia
    • †Marcia oregonensis
  • Margarites
    • †Margarites serceus
  • Marginella
    • †Marginella shepardae
  • Marginulina
    • †Marginulina subbulata
  • Martinottiella
    • †Martinottiella communis
  • †Megalonyx
    • Restoration of two Megalonyx leptostomus ground sloths. Jay Matternes.
      †Megalonyx leptostomus
  • Megarthrus
  • †Megatylopus
    • †Megatylopus cochrani – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Megistostoma
    • †Megistostoma gabbiana
  • †Megokkos[36]
    • †Megokkos alaskensis[36]
    • †Megokkos feldmanni[36]
    • †Megokkos macrospinus[36]
  • †Meibomites
    • †Meibomites lucens
  • Melanoides
    • †Melanoides fettkei
  • †Menispermites
    • †Menispermites parvareolatus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Menyanthes
  • †Merycoides
  • †Mesoreodon
  • †Metacarcinus
  • †Metanephrocerus
    • †Metanephrocerus belgardeae – type locality for species[38]
  • Metasequoia
  • Microedus
  • Microlestes
  • Micropeplus
    • †Micropeplus cribratus
    • †Micropeplus laticollis
    • †Micropeplus nelsoni
    • †Micropeplus punctatus
  • †Miocordulia – type locality for genus
    • †Miocordulia latipennis – type locality for species
  • †Miohippus
    • †Miohippus equiceps – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Miohippus equinanus – tentative report
  • †Miopsyche – type locality for genus
    • †Miopsyche alexanderi – type locality for species
    • †Miopsyche martynovi – type locality for species
  • Mitra
    • Fossilized shell found in Vader; the hypotype specimen of the Eocene miter snail Mitra washingtoniana
      †Mitra washingtoniana
  • Modiolus
    • †Modiolus restorationensis – or unidentified related form
    • †Modiolus willapaensis
  • †Molopophorus
    • †Molopophorus newcombei – or unidentified related form
  • Montipora
    • †Montipora schencki – type locality for species
  • Morychus
  • Murex
    • †Murex cowlitzensis
    • †Murex sopenahensis
  • †Mursia
    • †Mursia marcusana[16]
  • Mustela
    • †Mustela rexroadensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Mya
  • Mycetoporus
    • †Mycetoporus punctatissimus
  • Myriophyllum
  • Fossil queen or worker found in Republic from the Eocene bulldog ant form taxon Myrmeciites
    †Myrmeciites[39]
  • Mytilus
    • †Mytilus dichotomus
    • †Mytilus edulis
    • †Mytilus sammamishensis
    • †Mytilus snohomishensis
    • †Mytilus stillaguamishensis
    • †Mytilus tichanovitchi – or unidentified related form

N
    • †Nassarius mednica
  • Multiple views of a fossilized shell belonging to a Natica moon snail
    Natica
    • †Natica clarki – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Natica oligocenica
    • †Natica teglandae
    • †Natica vokesi
    • †Natica weaveri
  • †Nayadina
    • †Nayadina batequensis
  • Nebria
  • †Nekewis
    • †Nekewis washingtoniana
  • †Nekrolagus
    • †Nekrolagus progressus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Nemocardium
    • †Nemocardium lincolnensis
    • †Nemocardium linteum
  • †Neoephemera
  • A living Neotoma, or pack rat
    Neotoma
    • †Neotoma fossilis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Neotoma quadriplicata – or unidentified comparable form
  • Neptunea
    • †Neptunea landesi
    • †Neptunea lincolnensis
    • †Neptunea teglandae
  • Nerita
    • †Nerita triangulata
  • Neverita
    • †Neverita globosa
    • †Neverita jamesae
    • †Neverita reclusiana
  • †Nitidavenus
    • †Nitidavenus conradi – or unidentified comparable form
  • Nitidotachinus
    • †Nitidotachinus tachyporoides – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Nolorhynchus
  • Notaris
  • Notiophilus
  • Nucella
  • †Nucleolaria
    • †Nucleolaria cowlitziana – type locality for species
  • Nucula
    • †Nucula hannibali
  • Nuculana
    • †Nuculana aikiensis
    • †Nuculana alkiensis
    • †Nuculana calkinsi
    • †Nuculana chehalisensis
    • †Nuculana cowlitzensis – or unidentified related form
    • †Nuculana elmana – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Nuculana grasslei
    • †Nuculana vaderensis
    • †Nuculana washingtoni
  • Nuphar[41]
  • Fossilized wing found in Ferry County; the holotype specimen of the Eocene lacewing Nymphes georgei
    Nymphes[42]
  • Nyssa[2]
    • †Nyssa eydei - type locality for species[5]

O

P

Q
  • Quedius
  • A living Quercus, or oak tree
    Quercus[2]
    • †Quercus cognatus
    • †Quercus hiholensis[55]
    • †Quercus leuca - type locality for species[3]
    • †Quercus sahnii - type locality for species[5]
    • †Quercus simulata
    • †Quercus treleasii
  • Quinqueloculina
    • †Quinqueloculina imperalis
    • †Quinqueloculina imperialis
    • †Quinqueloculina minuta – or unidentified comparable form

R

S

T

U
Ulmus chuchuanus leaf, Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation

V
  • Venericardia
    • †Venericardia castor
    • †Venericardia clarki
    • †Venericardia hannai
    • †Venericardia hornii
    • †Venericardia weaveri – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Vertipecten
    • †Vertipecten fucanus
  • Vesicomya
    • †Vesicomya chinookensis
  • Viburnum[8]
    • †Viburnum pugetensis – type locality for species[8]
  • †Vinea - type locality for genus[8]
    • †Vinea pugetensis – type locality of species[8]
  • Leaves and fruit of a living Vitis, or grapevine
    Vitis
  • Volsella
    • †Volsella restorationensis
    • †Volsella trinominata

W
  • †Wessiea[63]
    • †Wessiea yakimaensis[63]
  • †Willisia - type locality for genus[8]
    • †Willisia rentonensis - type locality for species[8]
  • †Whitneyella
    • †Whitneyella gabbi
    • †Whitneyella markleyensis
    • †Whitneyella washingtoniana
  • Woodwardia[2][63]
    • †Woodwardia aurora - type locality for species[7]
    • †Woodwardia clarus - type locality for species[7]
    • Woodwardia virginica[63]

X
  • Xenoturris
    • †Xenoturris antiselli

Y
  • Yoldia
    • †Yoldia chehalisensis
    • †Yoldia clallamensis – type locality for species
    • †Yoldia duprei
    • †Yoldia newcombi
    • †Yoldia olympiana
    • †Yoldia reagani
    • †Yoldia sammamishensis
    • †Yoldia supramontereyensis

Z

References
  1. Schorn, Howard; Wehr, Wesley (1986). "Abies milleri, sp. nov., from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation, Republic, Ferry County, Washington". Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History (1): 1–7.
  2. Dillhoff, R.M.; Dillhoff, T.A.; Jijina, A.P.; Strömberg, C.A.E. (2014). "The Vasa Park flora, King County, Washington, USA – a window into the late Miocene of the Pacific Northwest". In Stevens, W.D.; Montiel, O.M.; Raven, P.H. (eds.). Paleobotany and Biogrography, A Festschrift for Alan Graham in His 80th Year. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 64–97.
  3. Prakash, U.; Barghoorn, E. S. (1961). "Miocene fossil woods from the Columbia Basalts of central Washington". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 42 (2): 165–203. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.19013.
  4. Wolfe, J.A.; Tanai, T. (1987). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America". Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy. 22 (1): 23, 74, 75, 240, & plate 4.
  5. Prakash, U.; Barghoorn, E. S. (1961). "Miocene fossil woods from the Columbia Basalts of central Washington, II". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 42 (3): 347–362. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.19013.
  6. Makarkin, V.; Archibald, S.B. (2014). "An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3838 (3): 385–391. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.1185. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8. PMID 25081783.
  7. Pabst, M. B. (1968). "The flora of the Chuckanut Formation—the Equisitales. Filicales, and Coniferales". University of California Publications in Geological Sciences. 76 (85).
  8. Wolfe, J.A. (1968), "Paleogene Biostratigraphy of Nonmarine Rocks in King County, Washington", United States Geological Survey Bulletin, 571: 1–29
  9. Vladimir N. Makarkin & S. Bruce Archibald (2009). "A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2063: 55–63. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2063.1.3.
  10. Berry, E.W. 1936 "A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation", United states Geological Survey Professional paper number 154-H.
  11. Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). "Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington". United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1597: 1–25.
  12. Wilson, MVH (1977). "Middle Eocene freshwater fishes from British Columbia". Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum. 113: 1–66.
  13. Arnold, C. A. (1955). "A Tertiary Azolla from British Columbia" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 12 (4): 37–45.
  14. B. K. Shipps; Carlos Mauricio Peredo; Nicholas D. Pyenson (2019). "Borealodon osedax, a new stem mysticete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Oligocene of Washington State and its implications for fossil whale-fall communities". Royal Society Open Science. 6 (7): Article ID 182168. Bibcode:2019RSOS....682168S. doi:10.1098/rsos.182168. PMC 6689636. PMID 31417706.
  15. Herendeen, P. S.; Dilcher, D. L. (1991). "Caesalpinia subgenus Mezoneuron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from the Tertiary of North America". American Journal of Botany. 78 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1991.tb12566.x. JSTOR 2445223.
  16. Fraaije, R. H.; van Bakel, B. W.; Jagt, J. W.; Coole, Y. (2006). "Two new Paleogene species of mud shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Upogebiidae) from Europe and North America". Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 33: 77–85.
  17. Pigg, K.B.; Manchester, S.R.; Wehr, W.C. (2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816.
  18. Manchester, S.R. (1987). "The fossil history of the Juglandaceae". Monographs in Systematic Botany. 21: 1–137.
  19. Shi, G.; Zhou, Z.; Xie, Z. (2010). "A new Cephalotaxus and associated epiphyllous fungi from the Oligocene of Guangxi, South China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 161 (3–4): 179–195. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.04.002.
  20. Radtke, M.G.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2005). "Fossil Corylopsis and Fothergilla Leaves (Hamamelidaceae) from the Lower Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Their Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 166 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1086/427483.
  21. Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. (2008). "The Eocene mystery flower of McAbee, British Columbia". Botany. 86 (9): 1034–1038. doi:10.1139/B08-044.
  22. Archibald, S.B. (2005). "New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 119–136. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..119A. doi:10.1139/e04-073.
  23. Andrei A. Legalov (2013). "New and little known weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from the Paleogene and Neogene". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 25 (1): 59–80. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.692681.
  24. Archibald, SB; Bradler, S (2015). "Stem-group stick insects (Phasmatodea) in the early Eocene at McAbee, British Columbia, Canada, and Republic, Washington, United States of America". The Canadian Entomologist. 147 (6): 744. doi:10.4039/tce.2015.2.
  25. Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). "The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. JSTOR 2445816. PMID 21708632.
  26. Manchester, S. R. (1992). "Flowers, fruits and pollen of Florissantia, an extinct malvalean genus from the Eocene and Oligocene of western North America". American Journal of Botany. 79 (9): 996–1008. doi:10.2307/2444909. JSTOR 2444909.
  27. Mustoe, G.E. (2002). "Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Botany. 80 (10): 1078–1087. doi:10.1139/b02-097.
  28. Scott, R. A.; Barghoorn, E. S.; Prakash, U. (1962). "Wood of Ginkgo in the Tertiary of western North America". American Journal of Botany. 49 (10): 1095–1101. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1962.tb15052.x. JSTOR 2439157.
  29. LePage, B. A. (2007). "The taxonomy and biogeographic history of Glyptostrobus Endlicher (Cupressaceae)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 48 (2): 359–426. doi:10.3374/0079-032x(2007)48[359:ttabho]2.0.co;2.
  30. Hilton, E. J.; Grande, L. (2008). "Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295 (1): 221–251. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295..221H. doi:10.1144/sp295.13.
  31. Kiel, S. (2008). "An unusual new gastropod from an Eocene hydrocarbon seep in Washington state". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (1): 188–191. doi:10.1666/06-029.1.
  32. Wang, Q.; Manchester, S. R.; Gregor, H. J.; Shen, S.; Li, Z. Y. (2013). "Fruits of Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) from the Cenozoic throughout the northern hemisphere: their ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographic implications". American Journal of Botany. 100 (2): 422–449. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200415. PMID 23360930.
  33. Wilson, M. V. H. (1979). "A Second Species of Libotonius (Pisces: Percopsidae) from the Eocene of Washington State". Copeia. 1979 (3): 400–405. doi:10.2307/1443214. JSTOR 1443214.
  34. Pigg, K. B.; Ickert-Bond, S. M.; Wen, J. (2004). "Anatomically preserved Liquidambar (Altingiaceae) from the middle Miocene of Yakima Canyon, Washington state, USA, and its biogeographic implications". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 499–509. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.499. PMID 21653405.
  35. NW palms
  36. Schweitzer, C. E.; Iturralde-Vinent, M.; Hetler, J. L.; Velez-Juarbe, J. (2006). "Oligocene and Miocene decapods (Thalassinidea and Brachyura) from the Caribbean". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 75 (2): 111–136. doi:10.2992/0097-4463(2006)75[111:oamdta]2.0.co;2.
  37. Ross E. Berglund & James L. Goedert (1996). "A new crab (Brachyura: Cancridae) from Lower Miocene rocks of the Northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 70 (5): 830–835. doi:10.1017/S0022336000023866. JSTOR 1306484.
  38. Archibald, SB; Kehlmaier, C; Mathewes, RW (2014). "Early Eocene big headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 146 (4): 429–443. doi:10.4039/tce.2013.79.
  39. Archibald, S.B.; Cover, S. P.; Moreau, C. S. (2006). "Bulldog Ants of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands and History of the Subfamily (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)" (PDF). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 99 (3): 487–523. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[487:BAOTEO]2.0.CO;2.
  40. Sinitchenkova, N. D. (1999). "A new mayfly species of the extant genus Neoephemera from the Eocene of North America (Insecta: Ephemerida=Ephemeroptera)" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 33 (4): 403–405. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-30.
  41. DeVore, ML; Taylor, W; Pigg, KB (2015). "Nuphar carlquistii sp. nov. (Nymphaeaceae): A Water Lily from the Latest Early Eocene, Republic, Washington". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 176 (4): 365–377. doi:10.1086/680482.
  42. Archibald, S. B.; Makarkin, V. N.; Ansorge, J. (2009). "New fossil species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene of North America and Europe" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2157: 59–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2157.1.4.
  43. Perfilieva, K. S.; Dubovikoff, D. A.; Dlussky, G. M. (2017). "Miocene ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Crimea". Paleontological Journal. 51 (4): 391–401. doi:10.1134/s0031030117040098.
  44. Bogner, J.; Johnson, K. R.; Kvacek, Z.; Upchurch, G. R. (2007). "New fossil leaves of Araceae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of western North America" (PDF). Zitteliana. A (47): 133–147. ISSN 1612-412X.
  45. Miller, C.N. jr. (1982). "Osmunda wehrii, a New Species Based on Petrified Rhizomes from the Miocene of Washington". American Journal of Botany. 69 (1): 116–121. doi:10.2307/2442836. JSTOR 2442836.
  46. Karasawa, H.; Fudouji, Y. (2018). "Two new species of hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura) from the Paleogene Kishima Group, Saga Prefecture, Japan". Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 44: 23–28.
  47. Pigg, K. B.; Bryan, F. A.; DeVore, M. L. (2018). "Paleoallium billgenseli gen. et sp. nov.: Fossil Monocot Remains from the Latest Early Eocene Republic Flora, Northeastern Washington State, USA". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 179 (6): 477–486. doi:10.1086/697898.
  48. Engel, M.S.; Grimaldi, D.A.; Nascimbene, P.C.; Singh, H. (2011). "The termites of Early Eocene Cambay amber, with the earliest record of the Termitidae (Isoptera)". ZooKeys (148): 105–123. doi:10.3897/zookeys.148.1797. PMC 3264413. PMID 22287892.
  49. Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. B.; Kvaček, Z; DeVore, M. L.; Dillhoff, R. M. (2018). "Newly recognized diversity in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 179 (8): 663–676. doi:10.1086/699282.
  50. Kvaček, Z.; Dašková, J.; Zetter, R. (2004). "A re-examination of Cenozoic Polypodium in North America". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 128 (3–4): 219–227. doi:10.1016/s0034-6667(03)00134-9.
  51. Archibald, S.B.; Makarkin V.N. (2006). "Tertiary Giant Lacewings (Neuroptera: Polystechotidae): Revision and Description of New Taxa From Western North America and Denmark". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 4 (2): 119–155. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001817. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  52. Vladimir N. Makarkin; Sonja Wedmann; Thomas Weiterschan (2016). "A new genus of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with a critical review of the Cenozoic Megalomus-like taxa and remarks on the wing venation variability of the family". Zootaxa. 4179 (3): 345–370. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.2. PMID 27811679.
  53. Dlussky, G. M.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. (1999). "Two new species of aculeate hymenopterans (Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Middle Eocene of the United States". Paleontological Journal. 33: 546–549.
  54. Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
  55. Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753. JSTOR 2656753.
  56. Flynn, S.; DeVore, M. L.; Pigg, K. B. (2019). "Morphological Features of Sumac Leaves (Rhus, Anacardiaceae), from the Latest Early Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 180 (6): 464–478. doi:10.1086/703526.
  57. Blokhina, N. I. (2007). "Fossil wood of the Juglandaceae: Some questions of taxonomy, evolution, and phylogeny in the family based on wood anatomy" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 41 (11): 1040–1053. doi:10.1134/s0031030107110032.
  58. Pigg, K. B.; DeVore, M. L. (2005). "Shirleya grahamae gen. et sp. nov.(Lythraceae), Lagerstroemia-like fruits from the middle Miocene Yakima Canyon flora, central Washington State, USA". American Journal of Botany. 92 (2): 242–251. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.2.242. PMID 21652401.
  59. Soomro, N.; Arain, B. A.; Rajput, M. T. M. (2016). "Albizzioxylon chinjiensis sp. nov., a new fossil species of the family Leguminosae from Chinji formation salt range, Punjab Pakistan". International Journal. 11 (28): 2838–2843.
  60. Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C.; Ickert-Bond, S.M. (2001). "Trochodendron and Nordenskioldia (Trochodendraceae) from the Middle Eocene of Washington State, U.S.A". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 162 (5): 1187–1198. doi:10.1086/321927.
  61. Denk, T.; Dillhoff, R.M. (2005). "Ulmus leaves and fruits from the Early-Middle Eocene of northwestern North America: systematics and implications for character evolution within Ulmaceae" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Botany. 83 (12): 1663–1681. doi:10.1139/b05-122.
  62. Archibald, S.B.; Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2015). "New early Eocene Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 148 (2): 209–228. doi:10.4039/tce.2015.55.
  63. Pigg, K.B. (2001). "Anatomically preserved Woodwardia virginica (Blechnaceae) and a new Filicalean fern from the Middle Miocene Yakima Canyon Flora of central Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany. 88 (5): 777–787. doi:10.2307/2657030. JSTOR 2657030.

Uncited entries
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.