List of oldest living state leaders

This article lists the 100 oldest living current or former state leaders whose age can be demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. State leaders are defined to include heads of state (including representatives who act in their stead, generally a governor-general), heads of government and internationally recognized de facto leaders[lower-greek 1] of sovereign states with significant international recognition. Leaders are not included if no reliable secondary sources have confirmed that the leader is alive within the last 10 years. The oldest living former state leader is Mustafa Ben Halim of the Kingdom of Libya at the age of 99 years, 201 days. Leaders currently in office are in bold on purple, with Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom[lower-greek 2] being the oldest currently-serving head of state.

For a list of the oldest currently serving state leaders, see Lists of state leaders by age.

Not to be confused with List of longest-living state leaders.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

List

• 
  Oldest living:
  Mustafa Ben Halim
  served 1954–1957
• 
  2nd-oldest living:
  Francisco Morales Bermúdez
  served 1975–1980
• 
  3rd-oldest living:
  Luis Echeverría
  served 1970–1976
• 
  Oldest living incumbent and 18th-oldest living:
  Elizabeth II
  serving 1952–present

     Currently in office

No.	Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
1	Mustafa Ben Halim	Libya	Prime Minister (1954–1957)	29 January 1921	99 years, 201 days	2020-05-11[2]
2	Francisco Morales Bermúdez	Peru	Prime Minister (1975) President (1975–1980)	4 October 1921	98 years, 318 days	2019-07-08[3]
3	Luis Echeverría	Mexico	President (1970–1976)	17 January 1922	98 years, 213 days	2020-05-21[4]
4	Khamtai Siphandon	Laos	Prime Minister (1991–1998) Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006) President (1998–2006)	8 February 1924	96 years, 191 days	2020-02-05[5]
5	Tomiichi Murayama	Japan	Prime Minister (1994–1996)	3 March 1924	96 years, 167 days	2020-02-06[6]
6	Kenneth Kaunda	Zambia	State President (1964–1991) President of the United National Independence Party (1973–1990)	28 April 1924	96 years, 111 days	2019-12-10[7]
7	Jimmy Carter	United States	President (1977–1981)	1 October 1924	95 years, 321 days	2020-07-18[8]
8	Lubomír Štrougal	Czechoslovakia	Prime Minister (1970–1988)	19 October 1924	95 years, 303 days	2019-11-26[9]
9	Guillermo Rodriguez	Ecuador	President (1972–1976)	4 November 1924	95 years, 287 days	2020-02-27[10]
10	Ali Hassan Mwinyi	Tanzania	President (1985–1995) National Chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (1985–1995)	8 May 1925	95 years, 101 days	2019-12-12[11]
11	Giorgio Napolitano	Italy	President (2006–2015)	29 June 1925	95 years, 49 days	2019-08-27[12]
12	Mahathir Mohamad	Malaysia	Prime Minister (1981–2003; 2018–2020)	10 July 1925	95 years, 38 days	2020-07-14[13]
13	Ali Bozer	Turkey	Acting Prime Minister (1989)	28 July 1925	95 years, 20 days	2019-11-06[14]
14	Yang Hyong-sop	North Korea	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1994–1998)	1 October 1925	94 years, 321 days	2019-04-10[15]
15	Arnaldo Forlani	Italy	Prime Minister (1980–1981)	8 December 1925	94 years, 253 days	2020-01-29[16]
16	Trần Thiện Khiêm	South Vietnam	Member of the Provisional Leadership Committee (1964) Prime Minister (1969–1975)	15 December 1925	94 years, 246 days	2019-12-23[17]
17	Valéry Giscard d'Estaing	France	President (1974–1981)[lower-greek 3]	2 February 1926	94 years, 197 days	2020-03-05[18]
18	Elizabeth II	United Kingdom	Queen (1952–present)[lower-greek 2]	21 April 1926	94 years, 118 days	2020-07-17[19]
19	Abdoulaye Wade	Senegal	President (2000–2012)	29 May 1926	94 years, 80 days	2019-12-05[20]
20	Jiang Zemin	China	General Secretary of the Communist Party (1989–2002) President (1993–2003)	17 August 1926	94 years, 0 days	2019-10-01[21]
21	Valdas Adamkus	Lithuania	President (1998–2003; 2004–2009)	3 November 1926	93 years, 288 days	2019-12-13[22]
22	Raif Dizdarević	Yugoslavia	President of the Presidency (1988–1989)	9 December 1926	93 years, 252 days	2020-05-09[23]
23	Thanin Kraivichien	Thailand	Prime Minister (1976–1977)	5 April 1927	93 years, 134 days	2019-01-11[24]
24	Benedict XVI	Vatican City	Pope and Sovereign (2005–2013)	16 April 1927	93 years, 123 days	2020-08-03[25]
25	Arturo Armando Molina	El Salvador	President (1972–1977)	6 August 1927	93 years, 11 days	2017-02-28[26]
26	Edward Babiuch	Poland	Prime Minister (1980)	28 December 1927	92 years, 233 days	2014-01-31[27]
27	Hans Modrow	East Germany	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1989–1990)	27 January 1928	92 years, 203 days	2019-08-23[28]
28	Ciriaco De Mita	Italy	Prime Minister (1988–1989)	2 February 1928	92 years, 197 days	2020-07-31[29]
29	Kim Yong-nam	North Korea	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1998–2019)	4 February 1928	92 years, 195 days	2019-04-13[30]
30	Arthur Dion Hanna	Bahamas	Governor-General (2006–2010)	7 March 1928	92 years, 163 days	2019-03-11[31]
31	Fidel Ramos	Philippines	President (1992–1998)	18 March 1928	92 years, 152 days	2020-05-02[32]
32	Arnold Rüütel	Estonia	Chairman of the Supreme Council (1991–1992) President (2001–2006)	10 May 1928	92 years, 99 days	2019-12-30[33]
33	Sir Arthur Foulkes	Bahamas	Governor-General (2010–2014)	11 May 1928	92 years, 98 days	2019-06-12[34]
34	Enrique Bolaños	Nicaragua	President (2002–2007)	13 May 1928	92 years, 96 days	2020-07-22[35]
35	Balakh Sher Mazari	Pakistan	Acting Prime Minister (1993)	8 July 1928	92 years, 40 days	2019-04-25[36]
36	Péter Boross	Hungary	Prime Minister (1993–1994)	27 August 1928	91 years, 356 days	2020-06-04[37]
37	Kåre Willoch	Norway	Prime Minister (1981–1986)	3 October 1928	91 years, 319 days	2019-03-16[38]
38	Borisav Jović	Yugoslavia	President of the Presidency (1990–1991)	19 October 1928	91 years, 303 days	2019-08-01[39]
39	Zhu Rongji	China	Premier of the State Council (1998–2003)	23 October 1928	91 years, 299 days	2019-06-30[40]
40	Poul Schlüter	Denmark	Prime Minister (1982–1993)	3 April 1929	91 years, 136 days	2019-07-12[41]
41	Christos Sartzetakis	Greece	President (1985–1990)	6 April 1929	91 years, 133 days	2019-04-06[42]
42	Édouard Balladur	France	Prime Minister (1993–1995)	2 May 1929	91 years, 107 days	2019-10-01[43]
43	Sam Nujoma	Namibia	President (1990–2005)	12 May 1929	91 years, 97 days	2019-09-10[44]
44	Otar Patsatsia	Georgia	Prime Minister (1993–1995)	15 May 1929	91 years, 94 days	2019-05-15[45]
45	Karolos Papoulias	Greece	President (2005–2015)	4 June 1929	91 years, 74 days	2019-07-17[46]
46	John Turner	Canada	Prime Minister (1984)	7 June 1929	91 years, 71 days	2019-06-17[47]
47	Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	Kuwait	Prime Minister (2003–2006) Emir (2006–present)	16 June 1929	91 years, 62 days	2020-07-18[48]
48	Sir Orville Turnquest	Bahamas	Governor-General (1995–2001)	19 July 1929	91 years, 29 days	2019-07-21[49]
49	Jamshid bin Abdullah	Zanzibar	Sultan (1963–1964)	16 September 1929	90 years, 336 days	2018-04-27[50]
50	Nikolai Ryzhkov	Soviet Union	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985–1991)	28 September 1929	90 years, 324 days	2019-11-25[51]
51	Mir Hazar Khan Khoso	Pakistan	Acting Prime Minister (2013)	30 September 1929	90 years, 322 days	2017-01-02[52]
52	Violeta Chamorro	Nicaragua	Member of the Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1980) President (1990–1997)	18 October 1929	90 years, 304 days	2019-10-18[53]
53	Muhammad Rafiq Tarar	Pakistan	President (1998–2001)	2 November 1929	90 years, 289 days	2020-08-10[54]
54	Gombojavyn Ochirbat	Mongolia	General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party (1990)	15 November 1929	90 years, 276 days	2019-11-26[55]
55	Alfred Moisiu	Albania	President (2002–2007)	1 December 1929	90 years, 260 days	2019-12-02[56]
56	Selim Hoss	Lebanon	President of the Council of Ministers (1976–1980; 1987–1990; 1998–2000) Acting President (1988–1989; 1989)	20 December 1929	90 years, 241 days	2019-02-14[57]
	Lee Hyun-jae	South Korea	Prime Minister (1988)			2019-01-14[58]
	Milan Panić	Yugoslavia	Federal Prime Minister (1992–1993)			2017-09-15[59]
59	Efraín Goldenberg	Peru	Prime Minister (1994–1995)	28 December 1929	90 years, 233 days	2018-03-02[60]
60	Ahmed Osman	Morocco	Prime Minister (1972–1979)	3 January 1930	90 years, 227 days	2019-09-27[61]
61	Shahabuddin Ahmed	Bangladesh	Acting President (1990–1991) President (1996–2001)	1 February 1930	90 years, 198 days	2018-01-12[62]
62	Ion Iliescu	Romania	Chairman of the National Salvation Front Council (1989–1990) President of the Provisional National Unity Council (1990) President (1990–1996; 2000–2004)	3 March 1930	90 years, 167 days	2019-12-11[63]
63	Sir Anerood Jugnauth	Mauritius	Prime Minister (1982–1995; 2000–2003; 2014–2017) President (2003–2012)	29 March 1930	90 years, 141 days	2019-11-17[64]
64	Vigdís Finnbogadóttir	Iceland	President (1980–1996)	15 April 1930	90 years, 124 days	2019-11-20[65]
65	José Sarney	Brazil	President (1985–1990)	24 April 1930	90 years, 115 days	2020-01-06[66]
66	Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada	Bolivia	President (1993–1997; 2002–2003)	1 July 1930	90 years, 47 days	2019-11-19[67]
67	Carlos Menem	Argentina	President (1989–1999)	2 July 1930	90 years, 46 days	2020-07-30[68]
68	Dame Ivy Dumont	Bahamas	Acting Governor-General (2001–2002) Governor-General (2002–2005)	2 October 1930	89 years, 320 days	2019-07-18[69]
69	Ivan Silayev	Soviet Union	Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee (1991)[lower-greek 4]	21 October 1930	89 years, 301 days	2015-07-13[70]
70	Mabandla Dlamini	Swaziland	Prime Minister (1979–1983)	11 November 1930	89 years, 280 days	2019-02-09[71]
71	Choe Yong-rim	North Korea	Premier (2010–2013)	20 November 1930	89 years, 271 days	2019-07-28[72]
72	Cesar Virata	Philippines	Prime Minister (1981–1986)	12 December 1930	89 years, 249 days	2020-04-15[73]
73	Dame Elmira Minita Gordon	Belize	Governor-General (1981–1993)	30 December 1930	89 years, 231 days	2016-04-12[74]
74	Toshiki Kaifu	Japan	Prime Minister (1989–1991)	2 January 1931	89 years, 228 days	2019-05-11[75]
75	Sir William Deane	Australia	Governor-General (1996–2001)	4 January 1931	89 years, 226 days	2019-02-09[76]
	Cleopa Msuya	Tanzania	Prime Minister (1980–1983; 1994–1995)			2019-08-19[77]
77	Chun Doo-hwan	South Korea	De facto Head of State (1979–1980) President (1980–1988)	18 January 1931	89 years, 212 days	2019-12-16[78]
78	Sir Philip Greaves	Barbados	Acting Governor-General (2017–2018)	19 January 1931	89 years, 211 days	2019-05-08[79]
79	Dries van Agt	Netherlands	Prime Minister (1977–1982)	2 February 1931	89 years, 197 days	2020-06-23[80]
80	Isabel Martínez de Perón	Argentina	President (1974–1976)	4 February 1931	89 years, 195 days	2020-02-04[81]
81	Lamberto Dini	Italy	Prime Minister (1995–1996)	1 March 1931	89 years, 169 days	2019-11-15[82]
82	Mikhail Gorbachev	Soviet Union	General Secretary of the Communist Party (1985–1991) Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988–1989) Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (1989–1990) President (1990–1991)	2 March 1931	89 years, 168 days	2020-03-02[83]
83	Sir Elliott Belgrave	Barbados	Acting Governor-General (2011–2012) Governor-General (2012–2017)	16 March 1931	89 years, 154 days	2018-03-16[84]
84	Jean-Jacques Honorat	Haiti	Prime Minister (1991–1992)	1 April 1931	89 years, 138 days	2019-06-17[85]
85	Dame Catherine Tizard	New Zealand	Governor-General (1990–1996)	4 April 1931	89 years, 135 days	2018-09-17[86]
86	Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Prime Minister (1984–2000)	15 May 1931	89 years, 94 days	2019-10-03[87]
87	Giorgos Vasiliou	Cyprus	President (1988–1993)	20 May 1931	89 years, 89 days	2019-10-04[88]
88	Raúl Castro	Cuba	President of the Council of State (2006–2018) President of the Council of Ministers (2006–2018) First Secretary of the Communist Party (2011–present)	3 June 1931	89 years, 75 days	2020-02-18[89]
89	Fernando Henrique Cardoso	Brazil	President (1995–2002)	18 June 1931	89 years, 60 days	2019-06-18[90]
90	Khieu Samphan	Kampuchea	Acting Prime Minister (1976) Chairman of the State Presidium (1976–1979)	27 July 1931	89 years, 21 days	2020-04-24[91]
91	Sir Paulias Matane	Papua New Guinea	Governor-General (2004–2010)	21 September 1931	88 years, 331 days	2019-12-16[92]
92	Pié Masumbuko	Burundi	Acting Prime Minister (1965)	29 September 1931	88 years, 323 days	2019-05-18[93]
93	Sir Michael Hardie Boys	New Zealand	Governor-General (1996–2001)	6 October 1931	88 years, 316 days	2012-07-14[94]
94	Nicola Mancino	Italy	Acting President (1999)	15 October 1931	88 years, 307 days	2019-06-23[95]
	Ahmed Laraki	Morocco	Prime Minister (1969–1971)			2016-03-28[96]
96	Pascal Lissouba	Congo-Brazzaville	Prime Minister (1963–1966) President (1992–1997)	15 November 1931	88 years, 276 days	2019-11-15[97]
	Mwai Kibaki	Kenya	President (2002–2013)			2020-07-29[98]
98	Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar	Bangladesh	Acting President (2002)	1 December 1931	88 years, 260 days	2018-12-28[99]
99	Javier Valle Riestra	Peru	Prime Minister (1998)	5 January 1932	88 years, 225 days	2019-04-17[100]
100	Sir Carlyle Glean	Grenada	Governor-General (2008–2013)	11 February 1932	88 years, 188 days	2017-10-30[101]

Addendum

Uncertain date of birth

The following individuals might be older than #100–10 on this list, but their exact date of birth is uncertain.

Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
Abdelsalam al-Majali	Jordan	Prime Minister (1993–1995; 1997–1998)	April 1925	95 years, 109 days to 95 years, 138 days	2019-03-04[102]
Ben Nsibandze	Swaziland	Acting Prime Minister (1979)	1931	88 years, 230 days to 89 years, 229 days	2019-01-06[103]
Abdul Rauf al-Kasm	Syria	Prime Minister (1980–1987)	1932	87 years, 230 days to 88 years, 229 days	2020-01-29[104]

Unclear status as state leaders

The following individuals are older than #26–1 on this list, but their status as a state leader is unclear.[lower-greek 5]

Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
Josip Manolić	Croatia	Prime Minister (1990–1991)	22 March 1920	100 years, 148 days	2020-03-20[105]
Kim Yong-ju	North Korea	Vice president during vacancy (1994–1998)	21 September 1920	99 years, 331 days	2018-05-23[106]
Mohammad Hasan Sharq	Afghanistan	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988–1989)	17 July 1925	95 years, 31 days	2016-08-30[107]
Cardinal Eduardo Martínez Somalo	Vatican City	Acting sovereign (2005)	31 March 1927	93 years, 139 days	2019-10-23[108]
Cardinal Angelo Sodano		Cardinal Secretary of State (1991–2006) Dean of the College of Cardinals during vacancy (2013)	23 November 1927	92 years, 268 days	2019-12-21[109]

Unclear status as state leader with an uncertain date of birth

The following individual is older than #74–60 on this list, but his exact date of birth is uncertain and his status as a state leader is unclear.[lower-greek 6]

Name	State	Position	Birth	Age	Living as of
Umar Arteh Ghalib	Somalia	Prime Minister (1991–1993)	1930	89 years, 230 days to 90 years, 229 days	2018-10-23[110]

See also

• List of centenarians (politicians and civil servants)
• List of current heads of state and government
• List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
• List of elected and appointed female heads of state
• List of longest-living state leaders
• List of longest-reigning monarchs
• List of youngest state leaders since 1900
• Lists of state leaders by age
• Lists of state leaders
• Oldest people

Notes

1. Including but not limited to Prime Ministers of Peru, recognized as heads of government by the United Nations[1] and party leaders of single-party states.
2. In 1952, Princess Elizabeth acceded as the monarch of seven Commonwealth realms. She currently reigns as Queen of 16 sovereign states including the United Kingdom. From 1957 to 1983, most of her British colonies attained independence, and some joined the other realms in different years; most states ceased to be a realm upon becoming republics.
3. By virtue of his position as President of France, Giscard was also concurrently Co-Prince of the Principality of Andorra.
4. The office of Chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee existed from 5 September 1991 to 26 December 1991. On 6 September 1991 a presidential decree by Mikhail Gorbachev temporarily gave the IEC the same authority as the Cabinet of Ministers, and Silayev became the Soviet Union's de facto Premier.
5. They were either members of collective presidencies without a clear leader, interim leaders, de facto leaders, widely recognised leaders whose true power was limited or leaders of political entities whose status as sovereign states was unclear or disputed.
6. The Interim Government of Somalia was a partially-recognised government whose true influence in Somalia was limited.

References

1. Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers for Foreign Affairs. United Nations Protocol and Liaison Service.
2. نجل مصطفى بن حليم يستنكر ويحتج على ادعاءات محمد المقريف عبر قناة ليبيا الأحرار على والده
3. Ratifican en Italia cadena perpetua para exmandatario Francisco Morales Bermúdez
4. Son of Mexican ex-president Luis Echeverria kills himself
5. ອາດີດປະທານປະເທດໂອ້ລົມພະນັກງານຫຼັກແຫຼ່ງ ແຂວງ ອັດຕະປື
6. 日本前首相村山富市拍片为武汉加油
7. Ex-Zambian president receives anti-corruption award
8. "Presidents Jimmy Carter, Obama, and more share tributes to John Lewis". FOX 5 Atlanta. 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
9. Jakeš a Štrougal majú problém: Obvinenie za streľbu ľudí na hraniciach
10. Dictador militar Rodríguez y Dictador presidencial Moreno coinciden en Quito
11. Mwinyi awapa somo wasomi Tanzania
12. Cecina saluta Giorgio Napolitano
13. Palansamy, Yiswaree. "Dr Mahathir: BNM governor 'very independent', refused my request to use reserves to pay 1MDB debts". Malay Mail. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
14. Prof Dr Bozer hayatini kaybetti
15. Thursday is a SPA Day | North Korea Leadership Watch
16. "Pesaro, ladri scatenati nelle ville: assalto a quella di Arnaldo Forlani. In un'altra bottino da 40mila euro". www.corriereadriatico.it (in Italian). Retrieved 16 February 2020.
17. Cựu Thủ Tướng Trần Thiện Khiêm: Niềm Vui Đức Tin
18. MOURE, MANUEL (5 March 2020). "El ex presidente francés Valery Giscar D'Estaing recuerda a su hija fallecida en la Real Escuela". Diario de Jerez (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 March 2020.
19. Childs, Paul (17 July 2020). "Arise Sir Tom: Queen Elizabeth knights 100-year-old fundraising captain". Reuters. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
20. PHOTOS - When Abdoulaye Wade and Moustapha Niasse meet
21. 中国70周年国庆 江泽民胡锦涛现身天安门城楼
22. PREZIDENTAS V. ADAMKUS PAGERBTAS UŽ NUOPELNUS TEISMŲ SISTEMAI
23. Raif Dizdarević / Kakav je cinizam prenositi pomen zločincima u slobodarsko Sarajevo?
24. ฯพณฯ ธานินทร์ กรัยวิเชียร และรายงานความก้าวหน้า
25. Philip Pullella; Thomas Seythal (3 August 2020). "Former Pope Benedict is seriously ill: German newspaper". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
26. Muere Carlos Humberto Romero, el último presidente militar de El Salvador
27. Kto dziś pamięta Messnera, Pieńkowskiego i Babiucha? Poczet premierów PRL [GALERIA - Dziennikzachodni.pl]
28. Les souvenirs aigres-doux de l’apparatchik Hans Modrow
29. Campania elections, everyone wants Ciriaco De Mita
30. North Korean President Steps Down at 91; Kim Yong Nam's 21 Years in Power
31. Tribute dinner for former Governor General
32. "FVR is doing fine". businessmirror.com.ph. May 2, 2020.
33. "President Kersti Kaljulaid celebrates birthday with Kadriorg reception". ERR. December 30, 2019.
34. "Sir Arthur Foulkes heads awards ceremony list". www.tribune242.com. June 12, 2019.
35. "Enrique Bolaños: el Cosep puede tratar de volver a ser "un faro cívico"". confidencial.com.ni (in Spanish). July 22, 2020.
36. "Punjab Chief Minister Sardar Usman Buzdar And Governor Chaudhry Muhammad Sarwar Express Condolence With MPA Over His Fathers Death". UrduPoint. April 25, 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
37. "Boross Péter: Többször kellett bravúr a megmaradásunkhoz". Origo (in Hungarian). June 4, 2020.
38. Lilleås, Heidi Schei (16 March 2019). "Kåre Willoch: - Ja, nå er jeg frisk!". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 16 February 2020.
39. "Predsjedništvo SFRJ nije branilo Hrvatskoj da se odcijepi, tražili smo rješenje za srpski problem". www.vecernji.hr (in Croatian). August 1, 2019.
40. "NDTV". ntdtv.com. June 30, 2019.
41. Esben Schjørring (July 12, 2019). "Schlüter: Jeg vil sætte et sidste punktum". Altinget.dk (in Danish).
42. "Τα 90α γενέθλια του Κρητικού Χρήστου Σαρτζετάκη". Νέα Κρήτη (in Greek). April 6, 2019.
43. Karachi submarine case: Balladur faces trial in France
44. "Nujoma remembers Mugabe as uncompromising Pan-Africanist". neweralive.na. September 10, 2019.
45. "ოთარ ფაცაცია _ გამოჩენილი სახელმწიფო და საზოგადო მოღვაწე" (in Georgian). Retrieved 5 March 2020.
46. "Κάρολος Παπούλιας: Fake news περί θανάτου του πρώην Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας". Pagenews.gr (in Greek). July 17, 2019.
47. Blendz, Marketing (June 17, 2019). "Canada's Northern Light: John Turner at 90". Ottawa Life Magazine.
48. "Kuwait's ruler Sheikh Sabah admitted to hospital for medical checkup". arabnews. 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
49. "thebahamasweekly.com - The Governor General visits Sir Orville at his 90th Birthday Celebration". www.thebahamasweekly.com. July 21, 2019.
50. Michael Joseph Gross (April 27, 2018). ""There's Nothing Wrong With Falling from Grace": The Global Network of Monarchists Helping Deposed Kings and Queens". www.vanityfair.com.
51. "Николай Рыжков: "Главным в моей жизни было служение Родине"". oblgazeta.ru (in Russian). November 25, 2019.
52. "FC IG lauds tribes' role in peace revival in Balochistan". The Nation. January 4, 2017.
53. "Violeta Barrios de Chamorro: 90 años de su natalicio". elsiglo.com.gt (in Spanish). October 18, 2019.
54. "Former president Rafiq Tarar's wife passes away". nation.com.pk. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
55. "УИХ-ын дарга Г.Занданшатар ахмад настан Г.Очирбатад хүндэтгэл үзүүлэв". inews.mn (in Mongolian). November 26, 2019.
56. "Mbushi 90 VJEÇ, presidenti ALFRED MOISIU ka një mesazh pas TËRMETIT: Kocka jonë e fortë, të rrojë në JETË TË JETËVE KOMBI YNË (DEKLARATA E PLOTË)". www.newsbomb.al (in Albanian). December 2, 2019.
57. "عاجل: دار الفتوى تنفي وفاة الرئيس سليم الحص | سيدر نيوز". cedarnews.net (in Arabic). February 14, 2019.
58. "이현재 前 국무총리 "'나'만 생각지 말고 사회적 책임의식 가졌으면"". hankyung.com (in Korean). 14 January 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
59. Aleks, Piše; Milošević, ar (September 15, 2017). "Milan Panić: Potpuno upućen u dešavanja u Srbiji". Dnevni list Danas (in Serbian).
60. "Odebrecht: casa mencionada por Barata pertenece a familiar de exministro fujimorista". América Noticias (in Spanish). March 2, 2018.
61. "استعدادات لتكريم عصمان والماجدي لازال وفيا لابنه نوفل". adare.ma (in Arabic). Retrieved 5 March 2020.
62. "Former president Shahabuddin returns home". risingbd.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019.
63. "Ion Iliescu: Revoluția română a fost un moment de violență socială. Sunt un martor și un participant la evenimente". www.digi24.ro (in Romanian). December 11, 2019.
64. "Sir Anerood Jugnauth: ce n'est qu'un au revoir". lexpress.mu (in French). November 17, 2019.
65. Hafstað, Vala. "Women Leaders Convene at Harpa". Iceland Monitor. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
66. "Ex-presidente José Sarney passa por cirurgia para retirada de sinal em São Luís". g1.globo.com (in Portuguese). January 6, 2020.
67. Cardona, Alexi C. (19 November 2019). "Former Bolivian Leaders Back in Court in Miami Over Human-Rights Abuses". Miami New Times. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
68. "Volvieron a internar a Carlos Menem". clarin (in Spanish). July 30, 2020.
69. "Governor General Hosts Luncheon in Honour of Former Governors General". Retrieved 16 February 2020.
70. "Герой: Силаев Иван Степанович". er.ru (in Russian). July 13, 2015.
71. "HMCS bids farewell to Hillary, two ex-deputies". pressreader.com. February 9, 2019.
72. "北김정은, 6·25전사자묘 참배…공연엔 김여정·최선희 대동(종합2보)". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). July 28, 2019.
73. "Former finance chief Cesar Virata discharged after stroke, COVID-19 treatment". news.abs-cbn.com. April 15, 2020.
74. "Dame Minita Gordon, Belize's first Governor General". Amandala Newspaper. April 16, 2016.
75. "賴清德拜會日本3名前首相 海部俊樹：你選總統一定要必勝 | ETtoday新聞雲". www.ettoday.net (in Japanese). May 11, 2019.
76. Worboys, Jessica (February 10, 2019). "Gunnedah's ready to celebrate its seniors | Flashback Gallery". Namoi Valley Independent.
77. "SADC SUMMIT 2019: Tshisekedi, retired leaders steal show". Mwananchi. August 19, 2019.
78. "Calls grow to arrest ex-President Chun". koreatimes.co.kr. December 16, 2019.
79. "A fond farewell". Barbados Today. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
80. "Kijk dan! Van de wagen gevallen CDA-ex-premier Dries van Agt stemt al enige tijd op GroenLinks". dagelijksestandaard.nl (in Dutch). June 23, 2020.
81. "Isabel Perón cumple 89 años y así vive". Diario de Cuyo. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
82. "Lamberto Dini offeso dal paragone con Conte: "Guida un governo d'ignoranti"". Adnkronos (in Italian). November 15, 2019.
83. "On This Day in 1931 Mikhail Gorbachev Was Born". The Moscow Times. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
84. "Sir Elliott's birthday treat". www.nationnews.com. March 16, 2018.
85. "Duvaliers et Jean-Bertrand Aristides : des voyoucrates criminels". lenouvelliste.com (in French). June 17, 2019.
86. "Trailblazers: Dame Catherine Tizard". NZ Herald. September 17, 2018.
87. ""Dr Friday Is A Crab Without A Shell" By Mourine Gaymes". news784.com. October 10, 2019.
88. "Γιώργος Βασιλείου: O Περιορισμός της Προεδρίας σε δύο θητείες". Dialogos (in Greek). 4 October 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
89. "Raul Castro extols Cuban Children's Company La Colmenita's work". Prensa Latina (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 March 2020.
90. "FHC faz 88 anos e quem ganha o presente é você". www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br (in Portuguese). June 18, 2019.
91. "Decision on Co-Prosecutors' Request for additional pages to Respond to KHIEU Samphan's Appeal Brief of the Case 002/02 Judgement" (PDF). Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
92. Moses, Albert. "UBS inquiry 'interim list of witnesses'". Retrieved 6 March 2020.
93. "Au coin du feu avec Pie Masumbuko – IWACU". www.iwacu-burundi.org (in French). Retrieved 3 May 2020.
94. "Businessman served wider community". www.stuff.co.nz. July 14, 2012.
95. "Mancino: subito un congresso Pd". www.quotidianodelsud.it (in Italian). June 23, 2019.
96. "Moulay Ahmed Laraki : « Il faut crever l'abcès avec l'ONU »". Sahara Question (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2020.
97. Mapanga, Germaine (15 November 2019). "Pascal Lissouba fête ses 88 ans à Perpignan". Les Echos du Congo Brazzaville (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2020.
98. "Kibaki readmitted at Nairobi Hospital". the-star.co.ke. 29 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
99. "Fierce competition between AL and BNP in Panchagarh 1". www.dhakatribune.com. December 28, 2018.
100. "Javier Valle Riestra tras la muerte de Alan García: "En lugar de debilitarnos, nos fortalece" [VIDEO]". Peru21 (in Spanish). 17 April 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
101. "Sir Carlyle Glean Visited by SRA Members". NOW Grenada. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
102. بالفيديو.. رئيس وزراء الأردن الأسبق: فلسطينيون تركوا أملاكهم لإسرائيل مقابل المال
103. "BREAKING NEWS: Forbes Names Top 5 Richest People in Swaziland in 2019". Indapaper. January 6, 2019.
104. أشهر رؤساء حكومات حافظ الأسد ينعى ابن أخيه
105. "JOSIP MANOLIĆ MORAO JE OTKAZATI PROSLAVU 100. ROĐENDANA ZBOG KORONE, A ZA GLAS ISTRE KAŽE: Šušak je radio za jugoslavenske tajne službe. To je znao i Tuđman koji je za njega tvrdio da mu je najbolji ministar". Glasistre (in Croatian). March 20, 2020.
106. "What will become of Kim Yo Jong?". NK News - North Korea News. May 23, 2018.
107. "داکتر صبور سیاسنگ: پراکنده‌های پیوسته". حقیقت. August 30, 2016.
108. "El riojano Martínez Somalo, entre los acusados por la presunta contabilidad B de El Vaticano". rioja2.com (in Spanish). October 23, 2019.
109. "Long a lightning rod, Sodano figures in McCarrick/Viganò saga too". americamagazine.org. December 21, 2019.
110. "Renowned Somaliland politician, former Somali FM & PM arrives in Hargeisa with warm reception". somalilandstandard.com. October 23, 2018.

External links

• United Nations—a list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
• WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories