List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership. In countries with different heads of state and heads of government, both offices are listed. For leaders who held the same office prior to their state's independence, the start of their tenure is used, not independence. For a list of heads of state taking dates of independence into account, see List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence.
Elizabeth II is the world's longest-serving current state leader, having reigned as Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 1952.
Acting presidents are included in this list, but if a leader has non-consecutive terms, only the current period of service is listed.
States where head of state differs from head of government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.
List of state leaders by date of assuming office
Prior to 1970
| Assumed office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 February 1952 | Elizabeth II[1][2] |  |
Queen |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Queen | ||
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Queen | ||
 |
Queen | ||
 |
Queen: 6 August 1962 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 30 November 1966 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 10 July 1973 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 7 February 1974 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 16 September 1975 – present[4] | ||
 |
Queen: 7 July 1978 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 1 October 1978 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 22 February 1979 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 27 October 1979 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 21 September 1981 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 1 November 1981 – present[3] | ||
 |
Queen: 19 September 1983 – present[3] | ||
| 5 October 1967[5] | Hassanal Bolkiah |  |
Sultan: 5 October 1967 – present Prime Minister: 1 January 1984 – present |
1970s
| Assumed office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 January 1970[6] | Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa[7] |  |
Prime Minister |
| 14 January 1972 | Margrethe II |  |
Queen |
| 15 September 1973 | Carl XVI Gustaf |  |
King |
| 30 June 1975 | Paul Biya |  |
Prime Minister: 30 June 1975 – 6 November 1982 President: 6 November 1982 – present |
| 3 August 1979 | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[9] |  |
Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council: 3 August 1979 – 25 August 1979 Chairman of the Supreme Military Council: 25 August 1979 – 12 October 1982 President: 12 October 1982 – present |
1980s
| Assumed office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 October 1981 | Ali Khamenei |  |
President: 13 October 1981 – 2 August 1989 Supreme Leader: 4 June 1989 – present |
| 22 March 1984[10] | Nursultan Nazarbayev |  |
Chairman of the Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers: 22 March 1984 – 27 July 1989 First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Kazakh SSR Communist Party: 22 June 1989 – 14 December 1991 Chairman of the Kazakh SSR Supreme Soviet: 22 February 1990 – 24 April 1990 President: 24 April 1990 – 20 March 2019 Chairman of the Security Council: 21 August 1991 – present |
| 26 August 1984 | Hans-Adam II |  |
Prince-regent: 26 August 1984 – 13 November 1989 Prince Regnant: 13 November 1989 – present[12] |
| 26 December 1984 | Hun Sen |  |
Acting Prime Minister: 26 December 1984 – 14 January 1985 Prime Minister: 14 January 1985 – 2 July 1993 Co-Equal Prime Minister: 2 July 1993 – 21 September 1993 Second Prime Minister: 21 September 1993 – 30 November 1998 Prime Minister: 30 November 1998 – present |
| 29 January 1986 | Yoweri Museveni |  |
President[14] |
| 25 April 1986 | Mswati III |  |
King |
1990s
| Assumed office | Leader | State | Office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 June 1990 | Harald V |  |
Prince-regent: 1 June 1990 – 17 January 1991 King: 17 January 1991 – present[16] |
| 2 December 1990 | Idriss Déby |  |
President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement: 2 December 1990 – 4 December 1990 President of the Council of State: 4 December 1990 – 4 March 1991 President: 4 March 1991 – present |
| 27 April 1991[17] | Isaias Afwerki |  |
Secretary-General of the Provisional Government: 27 April 1991 – 23 May 1993 President: 23 May 1993 - present |
| 19 November 1992 | Emomali Rahmon |  |
Acting Chairman of the Supreme Council: 19 November 1992 – 27 November 1992 Chairman of the Supreme Council: 27 November 1992 – 16 November 1994 President: 16 November 1994 – present |
| 17 November 1993 | Sir Colville Young | |
Governor-General[2] |
| 19 July 1994 | Paul Kagame |  |
Vice-President and de facto leader: 19 July 1994 – 22 April 2000[18] Acting President: 24 March 2000 – 22 April 2000 President: 22 April 2000 – present |
| 20 July 1994 | Alexander Lukashenko |  |
President |
| 7 February 1996 | Letsie III |  |
King[19] |
| 25 October 1997 | Denis Sassou Nguesso |  |
President[20] |
| 3 March 1998 | Henri |  |
Prince-regent: 3 March 1998 – 7 October 2000 Grand Duke: 7 October 2000 – present |
| 23 November 1998 | Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi |  |
Prime Minister |
| 7 February 1999 | Abdullah II |  |
King |
| 6 March 1999 | Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | |
Emir: 6 March 1999 – 14 February 2002 King: 14 February 2002 – present |
| 8 May 1999 | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh[21] |  |
President |
| 23 July 1999 | Mohammed VI |  |
King |
| 9 August 1999 | Vladimir Putin |  |
Acting Prime Minister: 9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999 Prime Minister: 16 August 1999 – 7 May 2000 Acting President: 31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000 President: 7 May 2000 – 7 May 2008 Prime Minister: 8 May 2008 – 7 May 2012 President: 7 May 2012 – present |
2000s
2010–2014
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2015–2016
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2017
2018
2019
2020
List of upcoming leaders
| Taking office | Leader | State | Future office |
|---|---|---|---|
| August 2020 | Zoran Zaev |  |
President of the Government[128] |
| Hichem Mechichi |  |
Prime Minister | |
| 1 September 2020 | Pierre Dartout |  |
Minister of State |
| 17 November 2021 | Benny Gantz |  |
Prime Minister |
| 27 December 2022 | Leo Varadkar |  |
Taoiseach[129] |
See also
Notes
- Elizabeth II was Queen of Ceylon from 6 February 1952 – 22 May 1972, Queen of Pakistan from 6 February 1952 – 23 March 1956, Queen of South Africa from 6 February 1952 – 31 May 1961, Queen of Ghana from 6 March 1957 – 28 April 1960, Queen of Nigeria from 1 October 1960 – 1 October 1963, Queen of Sierra Leone from 27 April 1961 – 19 April 1971, Queen of Tanganyika from 9 December 1961 – 9 June 1962, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago from 31 August 1962 – 1 August 1976, Queen of Uganda from 9 October 1962 – 9 October 1963, Queen of Kenya from 12 December 1963 – 12 December 1964, Queen of Malawi from 6 July 1964 – 6 July 1966, Queen of Malta from 21 September 1964 – 13 December 1974, Queen of Gambia from 18 February 1965 – 24 April 1970, Queen of Guyana from 26 May 1966 – 23 February 1970, Queen of Mauritius from 12 March 1968 – 12 March 1992 and Queen of Fiji from 10 October 1970 – 15 October 1987.
- The Governors-General of each Commonwealth realm outside of the United Kingdom represent Elizabeth II.
- This is the date of this territory's independence from the United Kingdom. Prior to this date, Elizabeth II was the head of state in her role as Queen of the United Kingdom.
- Prior to this date, Papua New Guinea was an Australian-administered United Nations Trust Territory. Elizabeth II was the head of state in her role as Queen of Australia.
- Brunei was a British protected state until 1 January 1984.
- Bahrain was a British protectorate until 16 December 1971.
- Prince Khalifa is the uncle of the King, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, and brother of the previous monarch, Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa.
- The country was called the State of Bahrain before 14 February 2002.
- President Obiang is the nephew of the previous president, Francisco Macías Nguema.
- The country declared independence from the Soviet Union on 16 December 1991.
- The country was called the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic until 10 December 1991.
- Hereditary Prince Alois has been the Prince-Regent for his father, Prince Hans-Adam II since 15 August 2004.
- The country was called the People's Republic of Kampuchea until 1 May 1989, and the State of Cambodia until 24 September 1993.
- Yoweri Museveni was the de facto head of state of Uganda as Commander of the National Resistance Army from 26 January 1986 – 29 January 1986.
- The country was called the Kingdom of Swaziland until 19 April 2018.
- Haakon was Prince-Regent of Norway from 25 November 2003 – 13 April 2004 and 29 March 2005 – 7 June 2005.
- The country gained independence from Ethiopia on 23 May 1993.
- Paul Kagame was simultaneously Vice-President, Minister of Defence, commander-in-chief of the Rwandan Patriotic Army and (from 15 February 1998) President of the dominant Rwandan Patriotic Front party.
- Letsie III was previously King of Lesotho from 12 November 1990 – 25 January 1995.
- Denis Sassou Nguesso was previously President of the People's Republic of the Congo / Republic of the Congo from 8 February 1979 – 31 August 1992. Sassou Nguesso was the de facto head of state of the Republic of the Congo as a militia leader from 15 October 1997 – 25 October 1997.
- President Guelleh is the nephew of the previous president, Hassan Gouled Aptidon.
- President Assad is the son of the previous president, Hafez al-Assad.
- The Representatives of Andorra each represent their respective Co-Prince. Josep Maria Mauri represents Joan Enric Vives i Sicília and Patrick Strzoda represents Emmanuel Macron.
- Sheikh Sabah is the son of an earlier emir, Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah who ruled between 1921 and 1950.
- President Aliyev is the son of the previous president, Heydar Aliyev.
- Artur Rasizade was Acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 6 August 2003 – 4 November 2003.
- Lee Hsien Loong is the son of former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan is the son of the previous president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.
- Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan has been regent for his brother, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan since 25 January 2014.
- Mahmoud Abbas was Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority from 19 March 2003 – 6 September 2003.
- President Gnassingbé is the son of the previous president, Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
- Faure Gnassingbé was previously President of Togo from 5 February 2005 – 25 February 2005.
- The country gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011.
- It was the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region until 9 July 2011.
- Sheikh Mohammed is the brother of the previous Prime Minister Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, and son of the Prime Minister before that, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum.
- Raúl Castro is the brother of the previous President of the Council of State and First Secretary of the Communist Party, Fidel Castro.
- The office of Head of State of Cuba was styled as President of the Council of State from 2 December 1976 – 10 October 2019, then as President of the Republic from 10 October 2019 – present.
- The office of Head of Government of Cuba was styled as President of the Council of Ministers from 2 December 1976 – 21 December 2019, then as Prime Minister from 21 December 2019 – present.
- Frank Bainimarama was President of the Interim Military Government of Fiji from 29 May 2000 – 13 July 2000.
- Daniel Ortega was a member (and from 4 March 1981 the Coordinator) of the Junta of National Reconstruction of Nicaragua from 18 July 1979 – 10 January 1985; he was President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1985 – 25 April 1990.
- The Swiss Federal Council is a collective seven-member Head of State. The President of Switzerland serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Sheikh Hasina is the daughter of former President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
- Sheikh Hasina was Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 23 June 1996 – 15 July 2001.
- Benjamin Netanyahu was Prime Minister of Israel from 18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999.
- President Bongo Ondimba is the son of the previous president, Omar Bongo.
- Viktor Orbán was Prime Minister of Hungary from 6 July 1998 – 27 May 2002.
- Alassane Ouattara was Prime Minister of Ivory Coast from 7 November 1990 – 9 December 1993.
- Mahamadou Issoufou was Prime Minister of Niger from 17 April 1993 – 28 September 1994.
- Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi served as Acting President of Yemen from 4 June 2011 – 23 September 2011.
- The office of Head of State of Yemen has been in dispute between Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and the Leader of the Supreme Political Council, Mahdi al-Mashat, since 23 April 2018.
- Kim Jong-un is the son and grandson of the two previous supreme leaders, Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-sung.
- The late Kim Il-sung has been designated "Eternal President of North Korea" and the post of President has not been filled since his death on 8 July 1994, making Kim Il-sung in his de jure capacity the only deceased person considered a current head of state in the world.
- The term Supreme Leader is used as a description, for the sake of brevity, rather than being an official title of a single office. The actual offices held by Kim Jong-un are: Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK, and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the DPRK.
- Tupou VI (then known as ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho) was Prime Minister of Tonga from 3 January 2000 – 11 February 2006.
- Macky Sall was Prime Minister of Senegal from 21 April 2004 – 19 June 2007.
- Hage Geingob was Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 – 28 August 2002.
- Borut Pahor was Prime Minister of Slovenia from 21 November 2008 – 10 February 2012.
- Shinzō Abe is the grandson of a former Prime Minister, Nobusuke Kishi.
- Shinzō Abe was Prime Minister of Japan from 26 September 2006 – 26 September 2007.
- President Remengesau is the son of a former president, Thomas Remengesau Sr.
- Tommy Remengesau was President of Palau from 1 January 2001 – 15 January 2009.
- Keith Mitchell was Prime Minister of Grenada from 22 June 1995 – 9 July 2008.
- Miloš Zeman was Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 22 July 1998 – 15 July 2002.
- President Kenyatta is the son of a former president, Jomo Kenyatta.
- Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was Prime Minister of Mali from 4 February 1994 – 15 February 2000.
- Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan is the brother of the current President, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
- Muhammadu Buhari was Head of State of Nigeria (titled Head of the Federal Military Government) from 31 December 1983 – 27 August 1985.
- Yemi Osinbajo acted as President of Nigeria in Abuja from 6 June 2016 – 19 June 2016 while Muhammadu Buhari recovered from an illness in a London hospital. Osinbajo again acted as President in Abuja from 19 January 2017 – 13 March 2017 and 7 May 2017 – 19 August 2017 while Buhari received treatment in a London hospital.
- Prime Minister Trudeau is the son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
- Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 22 March 1994 – 6 February 1996.
- Bounnhang Vorachith was Prime Minister of Laos from 27 March 2001 – 8 June 2006.
- Andrew Holness was Prime Minister of Jamaica from 23 October 2011 – 5 January 2012.
- Faustin Touadéra was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 22 January 2008 – 17 January 2013.
- The office of Head of State of Libya has been in dispute between the internationally-recognized incumbent, Fayez al-Sarraj, and Aguila Saleh Issa, the Chairman of the House of Representatives, since 30 March 2016. The office of Prime Minister of Libya has been in dispute between the internationally-recognized incumbent, Fayez al-Sarraj, and Abdullah al-Thani, the prime minister approved by the House of Representatives, since 30 March 2016.
- Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of former Premier Aung San.
- Hashim Thaçi was provisional Prime Minister of the mostly unrecognized Republic of Kosova from 2 April 1999 – 1 February 2000, Prime Minister of UN-administered Kosovo from 9 January 2008 – 17 February 2008, and Prime Minister of independent Kosovo from 17 February 2008 – 9 December 2014. Kosovo did not gain independence until 17 February 2008, being part of Serbia.
- Azali Assoumani was Chief of Staff of the National Development Army (de facto leader of the Comoros) from 30 April 1999 – 6 May 1999, Head of State of the Comoros from 6 May 1999 – 21 January 2002, then the elected President from 6 May 2002 – 26 May 2006.
- Evaristo Carvalho was Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 7 July 1994 – 25 October 1994 and from 26 September 2001 – 28 March 2002.
- Prem Tinsulanonda was Regent of Thailand from 13 October 2016 – 1 December 2016.
- Michel Aoun was both the disputed President of Lebanon and the disputed President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon simultaneously from 22 September 1988 – 13 October 1990.
- President Akufo-Addo is the son of a former president, Edward Akufo-Addo.
- Prime Minister Jugnauth is the son of a former prime minister and president, Sir Anerood Jugnauth.
- Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed was Prime Minister of Somalia from 1 November 2010 – 19 June 2011.
- Boyko Borisov was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 27 July 2009 – 13 March 2013 and from 7 November 2014 – 27 January 2017.
- Mohammed bin Salman is the son of the current King, Salman.
- Va'aletoa Sualauvi II was Acting O le Ao o le Malo from 11 May 2007 – 20 June 2007.
- Ilir Meta was Prime Minister of Albania from 29 October 1999 – 22 February 2002.
- Sooronbay Jeenbekov was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 13 April 2016 – 22 August 2017.
- Dame Sandra Mason was Acting Governor-General of Barbados from 30 May 2012 – 1 June 2012.
- Sir Neville is the brother of former Prime Minister Winston Cenac.
- KP Sharma Oli was Prime Minister of Nepal from 12 October 2015 – 4 August 2016.
- Sebastián Piñera was President of Chile from 11 March 2010 – 11 March 2014.
- Julius Maada Bio was Head of State of Sierra Leone (as leader of the Supreme Council of State) from 16 January 1996 – 29 March 1996.
- Armen Sarkissian was Prime Minister of Armenia from 4 November 1996 – 20 March 1997.
- Milo Đukanović was Prime Minister of the Republic of Montenegro from 15 February 1991 – 5 February 1998, President of the Republic of Montenegro from 15 January 1998 – 25 November 2002, Prime Minister again from 8 January 2003 – 10 November 2006; and Prime Minister of Montenegro from 29 February 2008 – 29 December 2010 and 4 December 2012 – 29 November 2016. The Republic of Montenegro became independent on 3 June 2006 by seceding from Serbia and Montenegro, and was renamed Montenegro on 22 October 2007.
- Moustafa Madbouly was Acting Prime Minister of Egypt from 23 November 2017 – 27 January 2018.
- Taur Matan Ruak was President of East Timor from 20 May 2012 – 20 May 2017.
- The office of Head of Government of Yemen has been in dispute between Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed and Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, the Prime Minister of the Supreme Political Council government, since 18 October 2018.
- In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Presidency is a Tripartite council, with the Chairman of the Presidency rotating every eight months.
- Željko Komšić was a Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 6 November 2006 – 17 November 2014, and served as the Chairman of the Presidency from 6 July 2007 – 6 March 2008, 6 July 2009 – 6 March 2010, 10 July 2011 – 10 March 2012, and from 10 July 2013 – 10 March 2014.
- Su Tseng-chang was President of the Executive Yuan from 25 January 2006 – 21 May 2007.
- Andry Rajoelina was Head of State of Madagascar (as President of the High Transitional Authority) from 17 March 2009 – 25 January 2014.
- Félix Tshisekedi is the son of former Prime Minister Étienne Tshisekedi.
- Kassym-Jomart Tokayev was Acting Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 1 October 1999 – 12 October 1999, then Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 12 October 1999 – 28 January 2002.
- Manasseh Sogavare was Prime Minister of Solomon Islands from 30 June 2000 – 17 December 2001, from 4 May 2006 – 20 December 2007, and from 9 December 2014 – 15 November 2017.
- Anas al-Abdah was President of the National Coalition from 5 March 2016 – 6 May 2017.
- Kyriakos Mitsotakis is the son of former Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis.
- Gotabaya Rajapaksa is the brother of a former President, Mahinda Rajapaksa, the current Prime Minister.
- Prime Minister Sabah is the grandson of an earlier ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.
- Mahinda Rajapaksa is the brother of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa.
- Mahinda Rajapaksa was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 6 April 2004 – 19 November 2005, President of Sri Lanka from 19 November 2005 – 9 January 2015, then the disputed Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (with Ranil Wickremesinghe) from 26 October 2018 – 15 December 2018.
- Abdelmadjid Tebboune was Prime Minister of Algeria from 25 May 2017 – 15 August 2017.
- Sebastian Kurz was Federal Chancellor of Austria from 18 December 2017 – 28 May 2019.
- Haitham bin Tariq is the cousin of the former Sultan Qaboos bin Said.
- Robert Abela is the son of former President George Abela.
- David Kabua is the son of former President Amata Kabua.
- Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun was Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic from 19 September 1993 – 8 September 1995 and 10 February 1999 – 29 October 2003.
- Andrei Belousov was acting as Prime Minister for Mikhail Mishustin from 30 April 2020 – 19 May 2020.
- Zoran Milanović was Prime Minister of Croatia from 23 December 2011 – 22 January 2016.
- Umaro Sissoco Embaló was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau from 18 November 2016 – 30 January 2018.
- Luis Lacalle Pou is the son of former President Luis Alberto Lacalle.
- Janez Janša was Prime Minister of Slovenia from 3 December 2004 – 21 November 2008 and 10 February 2012 – 20 March 2013.
- Alessandro Mancini was a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 2007 – 1 October 2007.
- Grazia Zafferani is the granddaughter of an earlier Captain Regent, Luigi Zafferani.
- Alexander Ankvab was Prime Minister of Abkhazia from 14 February 2005 – 13 February 2010 and President of Abkhazia from 29 May 2011 – 1 June 2014. Russia recognized Abkhazia as an independent state on 26 August 2008.
- Arayik Harutyunyan was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh from 14 September 2007 – 25 September 2017. The country was called the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh until 10 March 2017.
- Hamed Bakayoko was Interim Prime Minister for Amadou Gon Coulibaly from 2 May 2020 – 2 July 2020.
- Zoran Zaev was President of the Government of North Macedonia from 31 May 2017 – 3 January 2020. North Macedonia was called the Republic of Macedonia until 12 February 2019.
- Leo Varadkar was Taoiseach from 14 June 2017 – 27 June 2020.
External links
- Rulers.org List of rulers throughout time and places
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