List of chief ministers of Punjab, India

The Chief Minister of Punjab, an Indian state, is the head of the Government of Punjab. As per the Constitution of India, the Governor of Punjab is the state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[2]

Chief Minister of Punjab
Seal of Punjab
Incumbent
Captain Amarinder Singh
since 16 March 2017
StyleThe Honourable
StatusHead of Government
AbbreviationCM
Member ofPunjab Legislative Assembly
SeatPunjab Civil Secretariat, Chandigarh
AppointerGovernor of Punjab
constitutionally; based on the appointee's ability to command confidence in the House
Inaugural holderSikandar Hayat Khan
(as Prime Minister)
Formation5 May 1937 (1937-05-05) (as Prime Minister)
DeputyDeputy Chief Minister of Punjab
SalaryMonthly, ₹230,000 (US$3,200)[1]

History

Punjab Province (1937-1947)
Map of Punjab Province during British India

After passing of Government of India Act 1935, Punjab Assembly was established in 1937 when first time Punjab Provincial Assembly elections, 1937 were held and Unionist Party won the election and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan became the Prime Minister of the Punjab and hold the position till his death in 1942 and he was succeeded by Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana. In 1946 when Punjab Provincial Assembly elections, 1946 were held Unionist Party stood fourth place but with the support of Indian National Congress and Shiromani Akali Dal formed the government and second time Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana became the Prime Minister of the Punjab but resigned on 2 March 1947 against decision of Partition of India.

PEPSU (1948-1956)
Map of PEPSU in red color

It was created by combining eight princely states, which maintained their native rulers :

Six Salute states
  • Patiala, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (19-guns local)
  • Jind, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
  • Kapurthala, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
  • Nabha, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns local):
  • Faridkot, title Raja, Hereditary salutes of 11-guns
  • Malerkotla, title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
and two Non-salute states
  • Kalsia, title Raja (till 1916 Sardar)
  • Nalagarh, title Raja.

The state was inaugurated on 15 July 1948 and formally became a state of India in 1950. In 1956 PEPSU was merged with Punjab.

Punjab (1947-1966) (Punjab, Haryana and Himachal)
Map of East Punjab in red color from 1947-1966

Since 1947, Punjab has had fifteen chief ministers. The first was Gopi Chand Bhargava of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn-in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British. He was succeeded by fellow Congressman Bhim Sen Sachar, who was then subsequently replaced after 188 days by former Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava. After a brief term, President Rajendra Prasad placed the Punjab Legislative Assembly under suspension for ninth months to help the state government gets its act together. In 1952, the first state elections took place for the Legislative Assembly. The results of the election saw the return of the Congress government with former Chief Minister Bhim Sen Sachar as its leader. After he resigned in 1956, Partap Singh Kairon became chief minister. Serving until 1964, Khairon remain's one of Punjab's longest-serving chief ministers. He was followed by the returning Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava, who briefly held office as acting chief minister for only 15 days. In July 1964, Ram Kishan assumed the office and served for two years. His tenure was followed by the President's rule which lasted for 119 days. During this time, the state of Haryana was separated from Punjab.

Punjab (Since 1966)
Map of present Punjab in red color

The first chief minister of the newly re-configured state was Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir who led a Congress government from the Vidhan Parishad, one of only two to have done so. In the 1967 elections, he was voted out of power in favour of the Akali Das Sant Fateh Singh Group whose leader Gurnam Singh became the first non-Congress chief minister. Gurnam Singh's government was succeeded by three short-lived Akali Dal governments—Lachhman Singh Gill's government for less than a year and for a little more than a year under the returning Gurnam Singh and Parkash Singh Badal. After 272 days under President's rule, the Congress party returned to power under future President Zail Singh. In 1977, Parkash Singh Badal became the chief minister for the second time. Darbara Singh became chief minister in 1980 and remained in office for three years before a long period under President's rule. A brief interlude under Surjit Singh Barnala followed, after which three Congress-led governments took office—led by Beant Singh from 1992 to 1995, Harcharan Singh Brar from 1995 to 1996 and Rajinder Kaur Bhattal from 1996 to 1997. Upon taking office, Rajinder Kaur Bhattal became the first female chief minister of Punjab and overall the 8th female chief minister in India.

Parkash Singh Badal assumed office for the third time in 1997 and became the first chief minister, since Kairon's resignation in 1964, to serve a full term. Badal was succeeded by Congressman Amarinder Singh, who also successfully served a full term. The incumbent Chief Minister of Punjab is Captain Amarinder Singh who is heading an Indian National Congress government since 16 March 2017.

Key

Chief Ministers of the Punjab

Prime Ministers of Punjab (1937-1947)
No Name Portrait Party
(Coalition with)		 Term of office[3]Constituency Election (Assembly) Appointed by
1 Sikandar Hayat Khan Unionist Party 5 April 1937 26 December 1942
[d]		 5 years, 265 days West Punjab-Landlord 1937 (1) Herbert William Emerson
2 Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana 30 December 1942 19 March 1945 2 years, 79 days Khushab Bertrand Glancy
(i) Governor Rule (Bertrand Glancy) - 19 March 1945 21 March 1946 1 year, 2 days - - Viscount Wavell
(2) Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana Unionist Party
(INC and SAD)		 21 March 1946 2 March 1947 346 days Khushab 1946 (2) Bertrand Glancy
(ii) Governor Rule (Evan Meredith Jenkins) - 2 March 1947 15 August 1947
[pd]		 166 days - - Earl Mountbatten

PEPSU (1948-1956)
No Name Portrait Party
(coalition with)		 Term of office[4] Election (Assembly) Appointed by
List of Premier of PEPSU (1948-1952)
1 Gian Singh Rarewala IND
(SAD)		 15 July 1948 13 January 1949 2 years, 312 days Caretaker Government Yadavindra Singh
13 January 1949 23 May 1951 Not yet created
2 Raghbir Singh N/A Indian National Congress 23 May 1951 21 April 1952 334 days
Chief Minister of PEPSU (1952-1956)
1 Gian Singh Rarewala IND
(UDF)		 22 April 1952 5 March 1953 317 days 1952 (1) Yadavindra Singh
(i) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 - 5 March 1953 8 March 1954 1 year, 3 days - Rajendra Prasad
2 Raghbir Singh N/A Indian National Congress 8 March 1954 12 January 1955
[d]		 310 days 1954 (2) Yadavindra Singh
3 Brish Bhan 12 January 1955 1 November 1956
[pd]		 1 year, 294 days

Chief Minister of Punjab (1947-1966) (Punjab, Haryana and Himachal)
№ Portrait Name
(constituency)		 Term of office[6]
(Assembly election)		 Party
(coalition with)		 Appointed by(Governor)
1 Gopi Chand Bhargava

(University)

15 August 1947 13 April 1949 1 year, 241 days Indian National Congress Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
Interim Punjab assembly
Bhargava resigned from the post of chief minister on 6 April 1949 but hold the office till Sachar succeeded him on 13 April.
2 Bhim Sen Sachar

(Lahore city)

13 April 1949 18 October 1949 188 days Indian National Congress
Interim Punjab assembly
Sachar hold the office for few months and had to resign in October 1949 due to allegations of corruption
(1) Gopi Chand Bhargava

(University)

 18 October 1949 20 June 1951 1 year, 245 days Indian National Congress
Interim Punjab assembly
Bhargava become CM for second time but resigned due to conflict with Party
(i) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 20 June 1951 17 April 1952 302 days - Rajendra Prasad
First time President's rule was imposed due to failure of government
(2) Bhim Sen Sachar
(Ludhiana City South)		 17 April 1952 22 July 1953 3 years, 281 days Indian National Congress Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
22 July 1953 23 January 1956 Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
1952
Sachar was the first elected CM of Punjab. In 1953 he resigned due to conflict with cabinet minister Ram Sharma but re-sworn on same day. In 1956 he resigned due to differences with central leadership.
3 Partap Singh Kairon


( Sujanpur)

 23 January 1956 9 April 1957 8 years, 150 days Indian National Congress
9 April 1957 11 March 1962
11 March 1962 21 June 1964 Narhar Vishnu Gadgil
1957, 1962
First Sikh CM of Punjab and first CM who completed five years term. He resigned due the charges of corruption
- Gopi Chand Bhargava
(MLC in Vidhan Parishad)		 21 June 1964 6 July 1964 15 days Indian National Congress Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
-
He sworn as caretaker CM of Punjab due to the sudden resignation of Kairon
4 Ram Kishan (Jalandhar City North East) 7 July 1964 5 July 1966 1 year, 363 days Indian National Congress
-
He was a comrade. He had to resign due to suspension of assembly for the creation of Haryana
(ii) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 5 July 1966 1 November 1966 119 days - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
President's rule was imposed for the peaceful partition of Punjab in 1966

Chief Minister of Punjab (Since 1966)
№ Portrait Name Term of office[7]
(Assembly election)		 Party
(coalition with)		 Appointed by (Governor)
5 Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
(MLC in Vidhan Parishad)		 1 November 1966 8 March 1967 127 days Indian National Congress Dharma Vira
-
Musafir was the former Jathedar of Akal Takht and First CM after reorganisation of Punjab
6 Gurnam Singh
(Qila Raipur)		 8 March 1967 25 November 1967 262 days Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh
(BJS-CPI)
1967
He was the First non-Congress CM of Punjab and former Judge of Punjab High Court. He resigned due to defection in his party
7 Lachhman Singh Gill
(Dharamkot)		 25 November 1967 23 August 1968 272 days Punjab Janta Party
(INC)		 D. C. Pavate
-
He was minister in Gurnam Singh's cabinet, after defection formed coalition government but resigned after breakdown of coalition
(iii) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 23 August 1968 17 February 1969 178 days - Zakir Hussain
President's rule was imposed due to failure of any party to form government
(6) Gurnam Singh
(Qila Raipur)		 17 February 1969 27 March 1970 1 year, 38 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJS)		 D. C. Pavate
1969
Second time became the CM. Resigned due to change in leadership
8 Parkash Singh Badal
(Giddarbaha)		 27 March 1970 14 June 1971 1 year, 79 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJS)
-
He became CM after resignation of Gurnam Singh but resigned due to poor performance in Lok Sabha election
(iv) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 14 June 1971 17 March 1972 277 days - Varahagiri Venkata Giri
President's rule was imposed due to resignation of Badal government
9 Zail Singh
(Anandpur Sahib)		 17 March 1972 30 April 1977 5 years, 44 days Indian National Congress D. C. Pavate
1972
After Kairon he was the second CM who completed five years term. Later became the President of India
(v) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 30 April 1977 20 June 1977 51 days - B. D. Jatti
President's rule was imposed to conduct fresh election after abrogation of National Emergency
(8) Parkash Singh Badal
(Gidderbaha)		 20 June 1977 17 February 1980 2 years, 242 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(JP-CPI)		 Mahendra Mohan Choudhry
1977
Second time became CM of Punjab but resigned due to dissolution of assembly
(vi) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 17 February 1980 6 June 1980 110 days - Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
President's rule was imposed after proclamation of article 356 of Constitution although Badal government had majority in assembly
10 Darbara Singh
(Nakodar)		 6 June 1980 6 October 1983 3 years, 122 days Indian National Congress (Indira) Jaisukh lal Hathi
1980
He became CM during the time of Insurgency in Punjab and due to this President's rule was imposed in 1983
(vii) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 6 October 1983 29 September 1985 1 year, 358 days - Zail Singh
President's rule was imposed due to breakdown of law and order
11 Surjit Singh Barnala

(Barnala)		 29 September 1985 11 June 1987 1 year, 255 days Shiromani Akali Dal Arjun Singh
1985
He also became CM during Insurgency in Punjab and due to this President's rule was imposed in 1987. Later on he was appointed Governor of various States of India
(viii) Vacant[lower-alpha 1]
(President's rule)		 11 June 1987 25 February 1992 4 years, 259 days - Zail Singh
President's rule was imposed due breakdown of law and order. It was the longest President's rule in Punjab
12 Beant Singh
( Jalandhar Cantonment)		 25 February 1992 31 August 1995
[†]		 3 years, 187 days Indian National Congress (Indira) Surendra Nath
1992
He also became CM during Insurgency in Punjab. He was the first Indian CM who was assassinated in his office
13 Harcharan Singh Brar
(Muktsar)		 31 August 1995 21 November 1996 1 year, 82 days Indian National Congress (Indira) B. K. N. Chhibber
-
He became CM after assassination of Beant Singh but resigned due to personal reasons
14 Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
(Lehra)		 21 November 1996 11 February 1997 82 days Indian National Congress (Indira)
-
She is the first and only female CM of Punjab and the shortest served CM of Punjab
(8) Parkash Singh Badal
(Lambi)		 12 February 1997 26 February 2002 5 years, 14 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJP)
1997
First non-Congress CM who completed five years term
15 Amarinder Singh
(Patiala Urban)		 26 February 2002 1 March 2007 5 years, 3 days Indian National Congress J. F. R. Jacob
2002
He served cabinet miniter of Punjab in Barnala's government and belongs to Patiala Royal Family
(8) Parkash Singh Badal
(Lambi)		 1 March 2007 14 March 2012 10 years, 15 days Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJP)		 S. F. Rodrigues
14 March 2012 16 March 2017 Shivraj Patil
2007, 2012
Till now Badal is the longest served CM of Punjab and after Kairon he is the only who took office for two terms continuesly
(15) Amarinder Singh
(Patiala Urban)		 16 March 2017 Incumbent 3 years, 152 days Indian National Congress V. P. Singh Badnore
2017
amrinder singh is the second after Kairon under whose leadership congress won two elections

List of Chief Ministers by Party

Following is the summary of hold of Chief Minister's office by members of Indian political parties.

S. No. Party Number of Chief Ministers Total days of holding CM Office
1 Indian National Congress 13 16095 days
2 Shiromani Akali Dal 3 7977 days
3 Unionist Party 2 3251 days
4 Independent 1 2090 days
5 Punjab Janta Party 1 272 days
6 Akali Dal Fateh Singh 1 262 days

Parties by number of their members served as Punjab Chief Ministers
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
INC
SAD
UP
ADSF
PJP
IND
  •   INC
  •   SAD
  •   UP
  •   ADSF
  •   PJP
  •   IND

Living former Chief Ministers
Name Portrait Birth
(age)		 Tenure as CM
Parkash Singh Badal 8 December 1927
(92)		 1970-1971, 1977-1980, 1997-2002, 2007-2017
Rajinder Kaur Bhattal 3 September 1945
(74)		 1996-1997

The most recent death of a former chief minister was that of Surjit Singh Barnala on 14 January 2017.

See also
  • List of governors of Punjab (India)
  • List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)

Notes
  1. President's rule may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.[5]

References
  1. Captain Amarinder Singh. Pay Check. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  2. Durga Das Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. ISBN 978-81-8038-559-9. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Punjab as well.
  3. World statesman - British India
  4. worldstatesmen.org PEPSU
  5. Amberish K. Diwanji. "A dummy's guide to President's rule". Rediff.com. 15 March 2005.
  6. page v of Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium.Retrieved on 25 September 2018.
  7. page v of Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium.Retrieved on 25 September 2018.

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