List of World Chess Championships
The following is a list of World Chess Championships including the hosting cities.
Before 1948, the matches were privately organised. After 1948, challengers were usually chosen by a Candidates Tournament.
List of World Chess Championships
Unofficial Championships
Year | Host country | Host city | World champion | Runner(s)-up | Won (+) | Lost (−) | Draw (=) | Format | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unofficial World Chess Championships (1834–1886) | ||||||||||
1834 | London | 45 | 27 | 13 | ||||||
1843 | London | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
1843 | Paris | 11 | 6 | 4 | ||||||
1846 | London | 14 | 7 | 3 | ||||||
1851 | London | 4 | 2 | 1 | single-elimination tournament, best-of-7 final | |||||
1858 | Paris | 7 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
1862 | London | 11 | 1 | 1 | round robin tournament, 14 players | |||||
1866 | London | 8 | 6 | 0 | ||||||
1883 | London | 22 | 4 | 0 | double round robin tournament, 14 players | |||||
Non-recognized World Chess Championships (1928, 1992) | ||||||||||
1928 | The Hague | 3 | 2 | 5 | one-time FIDE championship, but not called a world championship.[1] | |||||
1992 | Sveti Stefan and Belgrade | 10 | 5 | 15 | First to reach 10 wins, draws not counting. Fischer claimed this was a world championship.[2] |
Official Championships
Year | Host country | Host city | World champion | Runner(s)-up | Won (+) | Lost (−) | Draw (=) | Format |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Official World Chess Championships (1886–1946) | ||||||||
1886 | New York City Saint Louis New Orleans |
10 | 5 | 5 | first-to-10 wins | |||
1889 | Havana | 10 | 6 | 1 | best-of-20 + tiebreak | |||
1891 | New York City | 6 | 4 | 9 | ||||
1892 | Havana | 8+2 | 8 | 4+1 | ||||
1894 | New York City Philadelphia Montreal |
10 | 5 | 4 | first-to-10 wins | |||
1897 | Moscow | 10 | 2 | 5 | ||||
1907 | New York City Philadelphia Washington, D.C. Baltimore Chicago Memphis |
8 | 0 | 7 | first-to-8 wins | |||
1908 | Düsseldorf Munich |
8 | 3 | 5 | ||||
1910 | Vienna Berlin |
1 | 1 | 8 | best of 10; disputed whether challenger had to win by 1 or 2 points;[3][4] | |||
1910 | Berlin | 8 | 0 | 3 | first-to-8 wins | |||
1921 | Havana | 4 | 0 | 10 | best-of-24;[3] Emanuel Lasker resigned after 14 games | |||
1927 | Buenos Aires | 6 | 3 | 25 | first-to-6 wins | |||
1929 | Wiesbaden Heidelberg Berlin The Hague |
11 | 5 | 9 | first-to-6 wins AND 15 points | |||
1934 | 8 | 3 | 15 | |||||
1935 | 9 | 8 | 13 | |||||
1937 | 10 | 4 | 11 | |||||
Interregnum (1946–1948) | ||||||||
Alexander Alekhine died in 1946 as World Chess Champion. | ||||||||
FIDE World Chess Championships (1948–1993) | ||||||||
1948 | The Hague Moscow |
14 points out of 20 | 5-player, 5-cycle round-robin tournament | |||||
1951 | Moscow | 5 | 5 | 14 | best-of-24[3] | |||
1954 | Moscow | 7 | 7 | 10 | ||||
1957 | Moscow | 6 | 3 | 13 | ||||
1958 | Moscow | 7 | 5 | 11 | ||||
1960 | Moscow | 6 | 2 | 13 | ||||
1961 | Moscow | 10 | 5 | 6 | ||||
1963 | Moscow | 5 | 2 | 15 | ||||
1966 | Moscow | 4 | 3 | 17 | ||||
1969 | Moscow | 6 | 4 | 13 | ||||
1972 | Reykjavík | 7 | 3 | 11 | ||||
1975 | Manila | by default | first-to-10 wins | |||||
1978 | Baguio | 6 | 5 | 21 | first-to-6 wins | |||
1981 | Kurhaus Merano |
6 | 2 | 10 | ||||
1984 | Moscow | No winner | 5 | 3 | 40 | first-to-6 wins; unfinished match | ||
1985 | Moscow | 5 | 3 | 16 | best-of-24[3] | |||
1986 | London Leningrad |
5 | 4 | 15 | ||||
1987 | Seville | 4 | 4 | 16 | ||||
1990 | New York City Lyon |
4 | 3 | 17 | ||||
Classical World Chess Championships (1993–2006) | ||||||||
World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov and challenger Nigel Short split from FIDE, the official world governing body of chess, and played their title match under the auspices of the Professional Chess Association. | ||||||||
1993 | London | 6 | 1 | 13 | best-of-24[3] | |||
1995 | New York City | 4 | 1 | 13 | best-of-20[3] | |||
2000 | London | 2 | 0 | 13 | best-of-16[3] | |||
2004 | Brissago | 2 | 2 | 10 | best-of-14[3] | |||
FIDE World Chess Championships (1993–2006) | ||||||||
Garry Kasparov was stripped of his FIDE title after he and challenger Nigel Short split from FIDE in 1993. Anatoly Karpov, former champion and the challenger in the 1990 FIDE World Chess Championship match, was announced as incumbent World Champion. Beginning with the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996, FIDE changed its rules and the incumbent World Champion was no longer automatically qualified for the final match. | ||||||||
1993 | Zwolle Arnhem Amsterdam Jakarta |
6 | 2 | 13 | best-of-24[3] | |||
1996 | Elista | 6 | 3 | 9 | best-of-20[3] | |||
1998 | Groningen Lausanne |
2+2 | 2 | 2 | single-elimination tournament with finals best-of-6 + tiebreaks | |||
1999 | Las Vegas | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
2000 | New Delhi Tehran |
3 | 0 | 1 | ||||
2002 | Moscow | 2 | 0 | 5 | single-elimination tournament with finals best-of-8 + tiebreaks | |||
2004 | Tripoli | 2+1 | 2 | 2+1 | single-elimination tournament with finals best-of-6 + tiebreaks | |||
2005 | Potrero de los Funes San Luis |
10 points out of 14 | 8-player double round-robin tournament | |||||
World Chess Championships (2006–present) | ||||||||
2006 | Elista | 3+2 | 3+1 | 6+1 | best-of-12 + tiebreaks | |||
2007 | Mexico City | 9 points out of 14 | 8-player double round-robin tournament | |||||
2008 | Bonn | 3 | 1 | 7 | best-of-12 + tiebreaks | |||
2010 | Sofia | 3 | 2 | 7 | ||||
2012 | Moscow | 1+1 | 1 | 10+3 | ||||
2013 | Chennai | 3 | 0 | 7 | ||||
2014 | Sochi | 3 | 1 | 7 | ||||
2016 | New York City | 1+2 | 1 | 10+2 | ||||
2018 | London | 0+3 | 0 | 12 |
Multiple times champions
Unofficial championships are not counted.
Titles | Player | Country |
---|---|---|
6 | Emanuel Lasker | |
Anatoly Karpov (3 when split) | ||
Garry Kasparov (2 when split) | ||
5 | Mikhail Botvinnik | |
Viswanathan Anand (1 when split) | ||
4 | Wilhelm Steinitz | |
Alexander Alekhine | ||
Magnus Carlsen | ||
3 | Vladimir Kramnik (2 when split) | |
2 | Tigran Petrosian | |
References
- "FIDE Championship (1928) by Edward Winter". Chesshistory.com. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- "World Chess Championship : 1992 Fischer – Spassky Rematch". Mark-weeks.com. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- in case of a draw the World Championship title defender keeps holding his title
- There is dispute over whether Lasker would keep the title in the case of a 1 point with to Schlechter, and even question over whether the match was for the world championship. See World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Schlechter) for discussion.
Further reading
- Davidson, Henry A. (1949, 1981). A Short History of Chess. McKay. ISBN 0-679-14550-8.
- Barcza, Alföldy, Kapu: Die Weltmeister des Schachspiels. Hamburg 1975
- Jens Enevoldsen: Verdens bedste Skak, Politiken (Denmark) 1966
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