List of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers

The list of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers (commonly referred to as Alphas)[1] includes initiated and honorary members of Alpha Phi Alpha (ΑΦΑ), the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students.[2] Convened in December 1905 as a literary society with the first presiding officer being CC Poindexter, it was established as a fraternity on December 4, 1906 at Ithaca, New York. Alpha Phi Alpha opened chapters at other colleges, universities, and cities, and named them with Greek letters. Members traditionally pledge into a chapter, although some members were granted honorary status prior to the fraternity's discontinuation of the practice of granting honorary membership. A chapter name ending in "Lambda" denotes an alumni chapter.[3] The only alumni chapter that does not end in "Lambda" is Rho Chapter, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The Cornell University sign at the West Campus entrance. Cornell was the site of the founding of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity.

No chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha is designated Omega, the last letter of the Greek alphabet that traditionally signifies "the end". Deceased brothers are respectfully referred to as having their membership transferred to Omega Chapter, the fraternity's chapter of sweet rest.[4] Frederick Douglass is distinguished as the only member initiated posthumously when he became an exalted honorary member of Omega chapter in 1921.[5]

The fraternity through its college and alumni chapters serves the community through nearly a thousand chapters in the United States, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean.[6]

The fraternity has been led by 35 General Presidents. Its membership includes two premiers; three governors; a vice president, three senators; a Supreme Court justice; two presidential candidates; Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, Lenin Peace Prize, Kluge Prize, Golden Globe, Academy Award, Grammy Award, and Emmy Award winners; French Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre laureates; at least four Rhodes Scholars; eighteen diplomats; fourteen Presidential Medal of Freedom, seven Congressional Gold Medal, and seventeen Spingarn Medal recipients; and eighteen Olympians. Buildings, monuments, stadiums, arenas, courthouses, and schools have been named after Alpha men, such as the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial, the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge, the Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium, the Paul Robeson Plaza at Rutgers University, the John G. Trice Stadium at Iowa State University, the John H. Johnson School of Communication at Howard University, the Arvarh E. Strickland General Classroom Building at the University of Missouri-Columbia, the G. Larry James Memorial Stadium, the Edward W. Brooke Courthouse, the John H. Stroger Cook County hospital, the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building, the Ralph H. Metcalfe Federal Building, the A. Maceo Smith Federal Building, the Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Cornell University, and the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport.

The House of Alpha

The House of Alpha was first published in the December 1923 edition of The Sphinx Magazine. The poem would later be attributed to Bro. Sydney P. Brown and quickly became a staple within the fraternity. When speaking about the poem in 1981, Brown cited his experiences with Beta (Washington D.C.), Theta (Chicago), Xi Lambda (Chicago Alumni) and Eta Lambda (Atlanta Alumni) as collective inspirations for the poem.[7] Loyalty to the Fraternity was repeatedly urged by brothers on the part of those who were among the initiated, and for every chapter with the vision of a fraternity house. The statement has become a manifesto for the national fraternity and chapters, as each may symbolically be referred to as a "House of Alpha".[8][9]

Eugene K. Jones, sometimes referred to as "The Visionary Jewel", once said:

Alpha Phi Alpha, the oldest of Negro Fraternities, with all of its members presumably far above the average American and having a good and practical understanding of the salient factors involved in the Negro's problem...should be able to take into their hands the leadership in the Negro's struggle for status.[10]

Here follows a list of notable Alphas.

Founders

Name Original chapter Notability References
Henry Arthur Callis Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; 6th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha; physician [11][12]
Charles Henry Chapman Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; Professor of Agriculture at FAMU [11]
Eugene Kinckle Jones Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; first Executive Director of the National Urban League; member of President Franklin D Roosevelt's Black Cabinet [11][13]
George Biddle Kelley Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; first Black licensed engineer of New York [11]
Nathaniel Allison Murray Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; career educator [11]
Robert Harold Ogle Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; professional staff member to the US Congressional Committee on Appropriations [11]
Vertner Woodson Tandy Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha; architect, whose most famous commission was the mansion of Harlem millionairess Madam C.J. Walker [11][14]
Charter for Alpha Phi Alpha's Alpha chapter with signatures of founders, Cornell University, circa 1906

Academia

Educators

Ninety-five percent of all Black colleges have been headed by an Alpha.[9]

Name Original chapter Notability References
Herman Branson Beta Gamma President of Central State University and Lincoln University; co-discoverer of the alpha helix; sickle-cell physicist [15][16]
James P. Brawley Alpha Phi President of Clark College [17]
Calvin Burnett Delta Lambda President of Coppin State University [18]
Julius Chambers Gamma Beta Attorney who argued in the Supreme Court case styled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education; third Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; President of North Carolina Central University [18][19]
James Cheek Beta Rho President of Howard University [20]
Thomas W. Cole, Jr. Alpha Sigma First President of Clark Atlanta University, President of West Virginia State University, Interim Chancellor of University of Massachusetts Amherst [21]
Thomas W. Cole, Sr. Alpha Sigma President of Wiley College; 21st General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][18]
Matthew Davage Alpha Phi President of Clark College, now Clark Atlanta University [17]
William B. Delauder Beta Alpha President of Delaware State University [20]
James Douglas Delta Theta President of Texas Southern University [18]
John Malcus Ellison Gamma First African American President of Virginia Union University, 1941 [13]
Ernest A. Finney, Jr. Delta Alpha Chief Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court; South Carolina House of Representatives; Interim President of South Carolina State University [20][22]
Floyd H. Flake Zeta Gamma Lambda Former US Congressman from New York; President of Wilberforce University; Pastor of Greater Allen Cathedral of New York [23][24]
Elson S. Floyd Mu Zeta First African American President of three universities: Western Michigan University, University of Missouri, and Washington State University [25]
Luther H. Foster, Jr. Beta Gamma Fourth President of Tuskegee University [26]
Luther H. Foster, Sr. Gamma Phi President of Virginia State University [27]
Norman Francis Sigma Lambda President of Xavier University; President of Louisiana Recovery Authority; 2006 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient [28][29]
Robert Michael Franklin, Jr. Eta Lambda President of Morehouse College [30]
James Gavin Gamma Mu President of Morehouse School of Medicine [17]
Hugh Gloster Alpha Rho President of Morehouse College [17]
George Gore, Jr. Tau Lambda Fifth President of Florida A&M University; Interim President of Fisk University; founder of Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society [31][32]
Ervin V. Griffin, Sr. Beta Theta President of West Virginia State College [33]
Cornelius Henderson Alpha Phi President of Gammon Theological Seminary [18][34]
Charles A. Hines Beta President of Prairie View A&M University; Major General [35]
Ernest Holloway Beta Kappa 14th President of Langston University [18]
John Hope Eta Lambda First Black President of Morehouse College; President of Atlanta University; co-founder of the Niagara Movement and NAACP; fourth President of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History; 1936 Spingarn Medal recipient [17][36][37][38]
Freeman A. Hrabowski III Gamma Iota President of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; social activist [39][40]
Frederick Humphries Beta Nu Eighth President of Florida A&M University [20]
Charles S. Johnson Gamma Editor of the National Urban League's Opportunity magazine; first Black President of Fisk University [13]
Walter M. Kimbrough Zeta Pi President of Dillard University; author [20][41]
Raphael Lanier Mu Lambda United States Ambassador to Liberia; first President of Texas Southern University [15]
Thomas F. Law Delta Rho First President of Saint Paul's College [18]
John H. Lewis Zeta President of Morris Brown College [17]
Joseph T. McMillan, Jr. Beta First President of Huston-Tillotson College [18]
John Middleton Nu Eta Lambda President of Morris Brown College [17]
Luna Mishoe Alpha Pi Lambda President of Delaware State University [42]
Frederick D. Patterson Alpha Nu Third President of Tuskegee University; co-founder of the United Negro College Fund (UNCF); 1987 Presidential Medal of Freedom; 1988 Spingarn Medal recipient [28][36][43]
Benjamin Payton Beta Delta Fifth President of Tuskegee University [18]
Henry Ponder Beta Kappa President of Talladega College, Fisk University and Benedict College; 28th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha; vice chairman of the World Policy Council [12][15][44]
Earl Richardson Delta Nu President of Morgan State University [18]
John B. Slaughter Kappa Tau President of University of Maryland and Occidental College; first African American Director of the National Science Foundation [45]
Kent J. Smith, Jr. Beta Sigma 16th President of Langston University [18]
Louis Wade Sullivan Alpha Rho Secretary of Health and Human Services; co-founder and first President of Morehouse School of Medicine [20]
Ronald Temple Delta Gamma Lambda President of City Colleges of Chicago [20]
Jack Thomas Tau Lambda 11th President of Western Illinois University; first African American President of WIU; author; national and international keynote speaker/lecturer [46]
Gregory J. Vincent Alpha Rho Lambda President of Hobart College and William Smith College; Professor; Attorney, civil rights and social justice expert [12][20][18]
Walter Washington Gamma Upsilon President of Alcorn State University; 24th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][18]
Charles H. Wesley Zeta President of Central State University; President of Wilberforce University; Executive Director and President of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASALH); 14th General President and Historian of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][20][38]
Sidney David Williams Beta Zeta Fourth President of Elizabeth City State University [47]
Floyd Flake
Norman Francis
Charles S. Johnson
Louis Sullivan

Professors and researchers

Name Original chapter Notability References
David H. Blackwell Tau Professor of Mathematics University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley); first Black person admitted to the National Academy of Sciences; first tenured black professor in UC Berkeley history; former Chair of the Department of Statistics [48]
Kevin Cokley Xi Eta Author of The Myth of Black Anti-Intellectualism; Former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Black Psychology; University of Texas at Austin educational psychology professor; First Black person admitted to the University of Texas System Academy of Distinguished Teachers; Association of Black Psychologists Distinguished Psychologist [49]
William P. Foster Upsilon Creator of the Florida A&M University Marching "100" Band [50]
E. Franklin Frazier Beta American sociologist; author of The Negro Family, Black Bourgeoisie, and On Race Relations; Fisk University Professor; recipient of 1940 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for the most significant work in the field of race relations; Guggenheim Fellowship Award recipient [51]
John Hope Franklin Alpha Chi President of American Historical Association; 1995 Spingarn Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, and 2006 Kluge Prize recipient; author of From Slavery To Freedom [18][36][52][53]
Ernest J. Harris Gamma Delta Research entomologist; developer of the "male annihilation" method of insect control adopted by over 20 countries; original Montford Point Marine and 2017 recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal [54]
Hobart Jarrett Alpha Sigma Member of the Wiley College Debate Team that in 1935 defeated the University of Southern California national champions; author of the second volume of The History of Sigma Pi Phi [55][56]
Elgy Johnson Alpha Omicron Mathematician [15]
Marshall Jones Beta Pi Lambda Acclaimed research scientist in the field of laser additive technologies; 2017 inductee into the National Inventors Hall of Fame [57]
Kelly Miller Beta
(Honorary)
Leading African-American intellectual for more than half a century; first Black person admitted to Johns Hopkins University [20][58][59]
James A. Porter Beta Scholar whose book Modern Negro Art became a standard reference work on Black art in America [60][61]
J. Marshall Shepherd Kappa Phi Lambda Physicist; NASA meteorologist; international expert on weather and global climate change; university professor [62]
Warren Washington Epsilon Zeta Lambda Climate change scientist; 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for Science recipient; first African American President of the American Meteorological Society; awarded 2010 National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama; Presidential advisor to Presidents Carter, Reagan, Clinton, and both Bushes; Professor of climatology at the University of Oregon [63]
Robert E. Weems, Jr. Theta Willard W. Garvey Distinguished Professor of Business History at Wichita State University; acclaimed for extensive and systematic research on African American consumerism; lecturer and author of books on the economic history of African Americans including Black Business in the Black Metropolis, Desegregating the Dollar, and Business in Black and White [64]
Cornel West Zeta Beta Lambda Professor of religion at Harvard and Princeton; author and social activist [20]
Roger L. Youmans Upsilon Surgeon; University of California Berkeley medical professor; author of When Elephants Fight: An American Surgeon's Chronicle of Congo [62]
John Franklin
Kelly Miller
Cornel West

Rhodes scholars

The Rhodes Scholarship is the world's oldest and arguably most prestigious international fellowship. The scholarships have been awarded to applicants annually since 1902 by the Rhodes Trust in Oxford on the basis of academic qualities, as well as those of character.

Name Original chapter Notability References
Norman Washington Manley Beta Beta Lambda 1914 Rhodes Scholar; Premier of Jamaica; founder of Jamaica's People's National Party [65][66]
Westley Moore Sigma Sigma 2001 Rhodes Scholar; New York Times bestselling author [67]
Randal Pinkett Kappa Phi Lambda 1994 Rhodes Scholar; fourth winner of NBC's reality show The Apprentice [68][69]
Andrew Zawacki Kappa Pi 1994 Rhodes Scholar [28]
Westley Moore

Business

Name Original chapter Notability References
Mark D. Banks Delta Alpha Lambda President of Logos Consulting [20]
Jesse Binga Theta

(Honorary)

Founder of Binga State Bank in Chicago [58]
Henry Brown Alpha Eta Lambda Vice President for Marketing Affairs and Development with Anheuser-Busch [70]
W. Melvin Brown Beta Delta CEO of American Development Corporation [20]
Thomas J. Burrell Theta CEO of Burrell Advertising [20]
Allen Counts Beta Chairman of Doley Securities, Inc.; former President of Mcclendon, Pryor, Counts (once the largest black-owned investment bank in the US) [35]
Nathaniel Goldston Delta Psi Lambda CEO and founder of Gourmet Services [70]
Brett J. Hart Epsilon CEO and President of United Airlines [71]
Alonzo F. Herndon Eta Lambda
(Honorary)
Founder and President of Atlanta Life Insurance; namesake of the Alonzo Herndon Stadium at Morris Brown College [17][72]
Norris Herndon Sigma President of Atlanta Life Insurance [73]
Eugene Jackson Epsilon Psi CEO of World African Network [42]
Charles James III Delta Zeta CEO of James Produce [70]
Clifton Jeter Beta CEO of the Agricultural Federal Credit Union; CFO of Kennedy Center [35]
John H. Johnson Theta Founder of Johnson Publishing Company, which publishes Ebony and Jet magazines; first Black person to appear on the Forbes 400 "Rich List"; namesake of Howard University's School of Communications; Presidential Medal of Freedom and 1966 Spingarn Medal recipient; a portion of Chicago's famed Michigan Avenue was renamed "John H. Johnson Avenue" [28][36][74]
Joe W. Laymon Delta Phi Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Services; Chevron Corporation [75]
L.D. Milton unknown President of Citizens Bank [42]
Henry Parks Kappa Founder of Parks Sausage [20]
William F. Pickard Epsilon Xi CEO Global Automotive Alliance; professor University of Michigan School of Business; 2001 Michigan Citizen of the Year award winner; business lecturer [76]
Samuel Pierce Alpha Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; argued before the United States Supreme Court on behalf of Martin Luther King Jr. and the New York Times in the important First Amendment case styled New York Times v. Sullivan; first African-American to serve on the Board of Directors of a Fortune 500 company [77][78][79]
Jonathan Rodgers Alpha Epsilon CEO of TV One; president of CBS Television Stations; executive producer for the CBS Morning News and weekend evening newscasts [80]
Joshua Smith Delta Xi CEO of Maxima Corporation [20]
Everette Taylor Theta Iota CEO of PopSocial, co-founder of GrowthHackers [81]
Don Thompson Gamma Rho CEO and President of McDonald's, worldwide [82]
Alonzo Herndon
Gerald Albright
Duke Ellington

Entertainment

Music

Name Original chapter Notability References
Cannonball Adderley Beta Nu Jazz saxophonist [83]
Gerald Albright Iota Chi Jazz saxophonist [20]
Jerry Butler Xi Lambda Songwriter, composer; former lead singer of The Impressions; 1991 inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; 1993 NAACP Image Award Hall of Fame inductee [20]
Duke Ellington Alpha Zeta Lambda Composer, bandleader, actor; Grammy Award winner; 1959 Spingarn Medal and 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; Pulitzer Prize in recognition of his musical genius [20][36][84]
Marc Gay Beta Singer in the R&B group Shai [20]
Lionel Hampton Phi Jazz percussionist and bandleader; National Medal of Arts recipient; Goodwill Ambassador for the United States [83][85]
Antonio Hart Sigma Jazz saxophonist [20]
Donny Hathaway Beta Songwriter and arranger for The Staple Singers, Jerry Butler, and Aretha Franklin; singer who recorded duets with Roberta Flack; recorded the theme song to the TV series Maude [20][86]
Fletcher Henderson Alpha Phi Pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and swing music [87]
Carl Martin Beta Singer in the R&B group Shai [83]
Lionel Richie Alpha Nu Lambda Singer and member of the Commodores; Grammy Award and Academy Award winner; 2003 Hollywood Walk of Fame honoree [83][88]
Noble Sissle Theta Jazz composer, lyricist, bandleader, and singer of the Harlem Renaissance; lyricist of Shuffle Along, which became the first hit musical on Broadway written by and about African-Americans [89][90]
Lanzel Smith Jr. Delta Zeta International Disc Jockey and multi-faceted producer [91]
Darnell Van Rensalier Beta Singer in the R&B group Shai [83]
Jonathan White Gamma Delta Jazz composer, saxophonist [83]
Lionel Hampton
Lionel Richie
Noble Sissle

Film, television and theatre

Name Original chapter Notability References
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II Alpha Epsilon Actor, best known for Candyman, The Get Down, The Greatest Showman, Baywatch, Aquaman, Watchmen [92]
Darryl M. Bell Delta Zeta Actor, best known for A Different World [20]
Bret "E." Benson Mu Gamma Actor TV and film; motivational speaker, best known for ATLANTA, Fatal Attraction, Angie's List [20]
Benny Boom Pi Rho Director of music videos; director of 2017 Tupac biography movie All Eyez On Me [20]
Rusty Cundieff Alpha Delta Actor, writer; director of Tales from the Hood and Chappelle's Show; correspondent on TV Nation [20]
Rel Dowdell Alpha Chi Writer and director of feature films Train Ride and Changing the Game [20]
Todd Duncan Mu Lambda First Black person to sing with a major opera company; the original Porgy in George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess; 1984 George Peabody Medal of Music recipient [20][93]
Andra Fuller Tau Alpha Actor, best known for Black Jesus, Roomies, Lovers, & Friends; LA Complex [20]
Kevin Grevioux Beta Writer, producer, actor in Underworld films, The Mask, Steel, Congo, Planet of the Apes [94]
Gary Hardwick Epsilon Producer, writer, director of The Brothers, Deliver Us from Eva, Radio, and Bring It On [20]
Omari Hardwick Zeta Pi Actor in Saved, Dark Blue, Power, and The A-Team [95][96]
Rob Hardy Beta Nu Film director, film producer, screenwriter, and television director [97]
Hill Harper Kappa Phi Lambda Actor on The Good Doctor, CSI: NY; author of Letters to a Young Brother [98][99]
Barry Jenkins Iota Delta First African American director to win an Oscar Academy Award for Best Picture (Moonlight) Director of Golden Globe Award winning movie " If Beale Street could talk " 2019 [100]
Christian Keyes Zeta Beta Television and movie actor, singer, and model; Diary of a Mad Black Woman, Let's Stay Together, Moonlight, Sex Chronicles [101]
Vaughn Lowery Alpha Model, actor, and president/founder of 360 Magazine; model for Joe Boxer, Gap, Fila, Target, Old Navy, Dasani, Skechers, and Ecko Unlimited; runway model for Tommy Hilfiger, Phat Farm, and Karl Kani [102][103]
Yohance Myles Beta Upsilon Television and movie actor; Containment, Into the Badlands, 2 Guns [104]
William Packer Beta Nu Producer and director of films, including The Gospel, Pandora's Box, Stomp the Yard, Trois, and Roots (2016 remake) [105]
Joseph C. Phillips Iota Zeta Lambda Actor on The Cosby Show, General Hospital, and Strictly Business; political commentator on NPR's News and Notes with Ed Gordon [20]
Randal Pinkett Kappa Phi Lambda Fourth winner of NBC's reality show The Apprentice; Rhodes Scholar [68][69]
Kevin Powell Zeta Eta Cast member of The Real World: New York; political activist; poet; writer; entrepreneur [106]
Tim Reid Eta Lambda Actor, Sister, Sister, WKRP in Cincinnati, That '70s Show [107]
Paul Robeson Nu NFL player; actor; singer; attorney; social activist, 1945 Spingarn Medal recipient; Stalin Peace Prize laureate [36][108]
Terrell Tilford Alpha Epsilon Television and movie actor, Soul Food, Days Of Our Lives, Guiding Light, One Life To Live, The Protector [109]
Drew Watkins Beta Producer of Inside the NBA; two-time Emmy Award winner [35]
Keenen Ivory Wayans Gamma Phi Creator of comedy series In Living Color; actor, comedian, writer, director; Emmy Award winner [20]
Hill Harper
Paul Robeson

Government, law, and public policy

Note: individuals who belong in multiple sections appear in the first relevant section.

Vice Presidents and Supreme Court

Name Original chapter Notability References
Hubert Humphrey Honorary 38th Vice President of the United States; 1968 Presidential candidate; Senator from Minnesota; Mayor of Minneapolis; 1979 Congressional Gold Medal and 1980 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient [110][111][112]
Thurgood Marshall Nu First Black Justice of US Supreme Court; attorney in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka; first Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund; 1946 Spingarn Medal and 1993 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; authored the Constitution for the newly independent African nation of Kenya [77][113]
Hubert Humphrey
Thurgood Marshall

Cabinet and Cabinet-level ranks

Name Original chapter Notability References
Lee P. Brown Epsilon Beta Director of National Drug Control Policy; first African-American mayor of Houston, Texas [42][114]
Robert J. Brown Mu Lambda Special Assistant to President Nixon for Minority Affairs [115][116]
William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr. Psi Secretary of Transportation; first Black Supreme Court law clerk; co-author of the brief in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka; co-counsel on the landmark case McLaughlin v. Florida, which established the constitutionality of interracial marriages; editor of the Harvard Law Review; 1995 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient [77][117]
Malcolm Jackson Delta Phi Chief Information Officer and Assistant Administrator: Office of Environmental Information [118]
Rayford Logan Omicron First Executive Director of the National Urban League; member of President Franklin D Roosevelt's Black Cabinet; second Executive Director of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); 1980 Spingarn Medal recipient; 15th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][119]
Samuel Pierce Alpha Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; argued before the United States Supreme Court on behalf of Martin Luther King Jr. and the New York Times in the important First Amendment case styled New York Times v. Sullivan; first African-American to serve on the Board of Directors of a Fortune 500 company [77][78]
Emmett Scott Honorary Special Assistant to the Secretary of War [58]
Ron C. Sims Zeta Pi Lambda Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development; served as King County Executive, King County, Washington [58]
Louis Wade Sullivan Alpha Rho Secretary of Health and Human Services; co-founder and first President of Morehouse School of Medicine [20]
Lee Brown
Samuel Pierce
Louis Sullivan

Members of the United States Congress

Name Original chapter Notability References
Edward Brooke Beta Senator from Massachusetts; Attorney General of Massachusetts; Chairman Emeritus of World Policy Council; 1967 Spingarn Medal and 2004 Presidential Medal of Freedom and Congressional Gold Medal recipient [35][77][120]
Roland Burris Beta Eta Senator from Illinois, appointed to fill the seat vacated by President Barack Obama; first Black Illinois Attorney General [121][122]
Hansen Clarke Gamma Lambda Representative from Michigan [123]
Emanuel Cleaver Eta Gamma Representative from Missouri; Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri [28][124]
Danny K. Davis Gamma Delta Representative from Illinois [125]
William Dawson Theta Representative from Illinois; first African-American chairman of a regular House Committee (Committee on Expenditures in Executive Department); Dawson Technical Institute at Kennedy-King College (Chicago) is named in his honor [20]
Ron Dellums Delta Omicron Representative from California; co-founder of the Congressional Black Caucus; Mayor of Oakland; led the fight in the US against South African apartheid; namesake of the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland [77][126][127]
Julian C. Dixon Alpha Delta Representative from California [77]
Chaka Fattah Zeta Omicron Lambda Representative from Pennsylvania [20]
Floyd H. Flake Zeta Gamma Lambda Representative from Illinois; President of Wilberforce University [23][24]
Harold Ford, Sr. Beta Omicron Representative from Tennessee; legislator of Tennessee [77]
William H. Gray Rho Representative from Pennsylvania; House Majority Whip and House Democratic Whip; CEO of the United Negro College Fund [20]
Al Green Beta Nu Representative from Texas [125]
Earl F. Hilliard Alpha Rho Representative from Alabama; Legislator of Alabama [77]
Steven Horsford Eta Lambda Representative from Nevada [128]
Gregory W. Meeks Zeta Zeta Lambda Representative from New York; New York State Assembly [77]
Ralph Metcalfe Alpha Xi Representative from Illinois; co-founder of the Congressional Black Caucus; 1932 and 1936 Olympian; Ralph H. Metcalfe Federal Building (Chicago) is named in his honor [77][127]
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Eta First Black Representative from New York (Harlem); Chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee; first African American Chairman of a major committee in the U.S. House of Representatives; early civil rights and racial equality legislation advocate; long-time pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church [77]
Charles B. Rangel Alpha Gamma Lambda Representative from New York; co-founder of the Congressional Black Caucus; first Black person to chair the Committee on Ways and Means; New York State Assembly Representative; Marine combat veteran awarded the Bronze Star and Purple Heart medals [20][127][129]
David Scott Beta Nu Representative from Georgia [130]
Robert C. Scott Sigma Representative from Virginia [20]
Bennett M. Stewart Xi Lambda Representative from Illinois [22]
William Dawson
Ron Dellums
Julian Dixon
Chaka Fattah
Harold Ford, Sr.
William H. Gray

US Governors and Lieutenant Governors

Name Original chapter Notability References
Justin Fairfax Kappa Omicron Lieutenant Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia [131]
Walter A. Gordon Alpha Epsilon 17th Governor of the United States Virgin Islands; Federal District Judge of the United States Virgin Islands [132][133]
Joe Rogers Omicron Tau Lieutenant Governor of Colorado [134]
Roy L. Schneider Beta 25th Governor of the United States Virgin Islands [35]
Charles Wesley Turnbull Gamma Iota 26th Governor of the United States Virgin Islands [134][135]
James R. Williams Alpha Tau Lieutenant Governor of Ohio candidate; 25th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [136][12]
Ralph Metcalfe
Adam Powell, Jr.

Diplomats

Name Original chapter Notability References
Orison Rudolph Aggrey Gamma Iota Ambassador to Republic of The Gambia, Republic of Senegal, and Romania [77]
Archibald Carey, Jr. Theta Diplomat; attorney; Circuit Court Judge; Pastor [137][138]
Walter Carrington Sigma Ambassador to Republic of Senegal and Federal Republic of Nigeria [139][140]
Horace Dawson Nu Ambassador to Republic of Botswana; Director of the Ralph Bunche International Affairs Center, Howard University; Chairman of the World Policy Council [15]
Frederick Douglass (Honorary) Minister to Republic of Haiti; anti-slavery activist [28][141]
Edward R. Dudley Alpha Omicron United States Ambassador to Liberia; First African American to hold the rank ambassador; Justice of the New York Supreme Court [142]
Lionel Hampton Phi Goodwill Ambassador; jazz percussionist and bandleader; National Medal of Arts recipient [83][85]
James A. Joseph Beta Sigma Ambassador to South Africa; Under Secretary of Interior [20]
Kenton Keith Upsilon Ambassador to State of Qatar [44]
Raphael Lanier Mu Lambda Minister to Liberia; first President of Texas Southern University [15]
Delano Lewis Upsilon Ambassador to South Africa; President and Chief Executive Officer of National Public Radio; President of The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company [20][143]
Donald McHenry Eta Tau Ambassador to United Nations [77]
John H. Morrow Delta Iota First United States Ambassador to Guinea after its independence; first US Representative to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) [144][145]
Gerald Eustis Thomas Sigma Ambassador to Guyana and Kenya; Admiral, US Navy [22][146]
Terence Todman unknown Ambassador to Republic of Chad, Guinea, Costa Rica, Spain, Denmark, and Argentina [22][146]
Lester Walton Eta Minister to Liberia [147][148]
Clifton Reginald Wharton, Sr. Sigma Ambassador to Norway and Minister to Romania [73][149]
Franklin H. Williams Nu Ambassador to Republic of Ghana and the United Nations; President of the Phelps-Stokes Fund [20]
Andrew Young Beta Ambassador to the United Nations; Representative from Georgia; two-term Mayor of Atlanta; 1990 Governor of Georgia candidate; 1978 Spingarn Medal, 1981 Presidential Medal of Freedom, and French Légion d'honneur recipient [28][36][150][151]
Robert Scott
Charles Turnbull
Frederick Douglass

Mayors

Name Original chapter Notability References
Dennis Archer Alpha Upsilon Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court; Mayor of Detroit, Michigan; first Black President of the American Bar Association [20]
Richard Arrington, Jr. Gamma Kappa First Black Mayor of Birmingham [20]
Thomas V. Barnes Gamma Rho Mayor of Gary, Indiana [22]
Marion Barry Beta Xi Mayor of Washington, DC; first Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) [15][152]
Ted Berry Alpha Alpha First Black Mayor of Cincinnati; board member of the NAACP [153]
Byron Brown Delta Epsilon Senator of New York; first Black Mayor of Buffalo [154]
Willie Brown Xi Rho First Black Mayor of San Francisco; Speaker of the California State Assembly; the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge is in part named in his honor [20][155]
David Dinkins Beta First Black Mayor of New York City [20]
Gow Fields Mu Zeta Lambda First Black Mayor of Lakeland, Florida [156]
Maynard Jackson Alpha Rho First Black and three-term Mayor of Atlanta; Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson Airport is in part named in his honor [20]
Harvey Johnson, Jr. Beta Omicron First Black Mayor of Jackson, Mississippi [157]
Kwame Kilpatrick Beta Nu Mayor of Detroit who resigned after pleading guilty to felony charges stemming from a text message scandal; convicted of federal charges including racketeering and extortion [20][158][159]
Rudolph McCollum Jr. Beta Mayor of Richmond [35]
James McGee Xi First Black Mayor of Dayton [160]
Wayne M. Messam Iota Delta First Black Mayor of Miramar, Florida [161]
Marc Morial Psi Louisiana State Legislature; Mayor of New Orleans; 8th CEO of the National Urban League [28][162]
Ernest Nathan Morial Beta Tau Louisiana State Legislature; first Black Mayor of New Orleans; namesake of the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center in New Orleans [28]
Norm Rice Zeta Pi Lambda First and only African-American Mayor of Seattle [28]
Eugene Sawyer Beta Upsilon Mayor of Chicago [42]
AC Wharton Beta Omicron Mayor of Memphis, Tennessee [28]
Lionel Wilson Alpha Epsilon First Black Mayor of Oakland [28]
Marion Barry
Byron Brown
Willie Brown
David Dinkins

Judges and lawyers

Name Original chapter Notability References
Robert Benham Eta Lambda Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia [17]
Joe Brown Kappa Eta Host of the syndicated show Judge Joe Brown; presided over James Earl Ray's last appeal for Ray's conviction for the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. [20][163]
Robert L. Carter Nu Pivotal role in Sweatt v. Painter, Brown v. Board of Education, and NAACP v. Alabama; US District Court Judge; 2004 Spingarn Medal recipient; Federal District Appellate Judge [36][164][165]
Julius Chambers Gamma Beta Attorney in the Supreme Court case styled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education; third Director-counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; President of North Carolina Central University [18][19]
Christopher Darden Epsilon Mu Prosecutor in the murder trial of O. J. Simpson [166]
Milton C. Davis Gamma Phi Assistant Attorney General of the state of Alabama who researched and wrote opinions which led Governor George Wallace to pardon Clarence Norris, the last known surviving defendant in the international cause célèbre case of the Scottsboro Boys; 29th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][167]
Harry T. Edwards unknown Justice for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit [77]
Ernest A. Finney, Jr. Delta Alpha Chief Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court; South Carolina House of Representatives; Interim President of South Carolina State University; attorney in the civil rights case styled The Friendship 9 [20][22]
Charles Hamilton Houston Sigma Chief architect of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund's strategy for racial equality in dismantling the Jim Crow laws; first Black editor of the Harvard Law Review; 1950 Spingarn Medal recipient [36][73][168]
Harry E. Johnson Beta Tau President of the Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc., which oversees the fundraising, design, and construction of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial; 31st General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][169]
Damon Keith Alpha Zeta Chief Justice of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan who famously ruled in United States v. Sinclair (upheld in United States v. US District Court) that President Nixon's Attorney General John Mitchell had to disclose the transcripts of illegal wiretaps that Mitchell had authorized without first obtaining a search warrant; 1974 Spingarn Medal recipient [77][170]
Belford Lawson, Jr. Epsilon Co-founder of New Negro Alliance; successfully argued in United States Supreme Court cases styled New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. to safeguard the right to boycott, and Henderson v. United States which abolished segregation in railroad dining cars; 16th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][171]
Greg Mathis Gamma Lambda Host of television series Judge Mathis [172][173]
Daryl D. Parks Beta Nu Managing partner in the law firm that represented the parents of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, and the family of Eric Garner [174]
Jawn Sandifer Alpha Omicron Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court; one of two staff lawyers for the NAACP who successfully argued Henderson v. United States [175][176]
Michael A. Shipp Delta Iota Nominated as a judge for the US District Court for the District of New Jersey by President Obama on January 23, 2012 [177]
Arthur Shores Alpha Beta Attorney in Lucy v. Adams, which prevented the University of Alabama from denying admission to applicants solely on account of race or color; civil rights activist; namesake of the Arthur Davis Shores Law Center and A. D. Shores Park in Birmingham, Alabama [178][179]
Charles Z. Smith Beta Nu First African-American to serve as Washington State Supreme Court Justice 1998-2002; first African-American to serve as King County Superior Court judge and Seattle Municipal Court judge; served as a special assistant to United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (1960-64) to investigate corruption related to Teamster Union pension funds; brought an indictment in Chicago against Teamster Union President James Hoffa; appointed by President Clinton in 1999 to the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom [180]
A. P. Tureaud Beta Attorney in Garner v. Louisiana, which legalized sit-in protests at segregated private businesses and restaurants [181][182]
Horace Ward Alpha Rho Senator of Georgia; first African American to serve on the federal bench in Georgia [17][183]
Kwame Kilpatrick
Marc Morial
Norm Rice
Joe Brown
Robert Carter
Name Original chapter Notability References
William T. Andrews unknown New York State Assembly [147]
Daniel T. Blue, Jr. Gamma Beta North Carolina House of Representatives; Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives; 2002 Democratic candidate for the United States Senate [77][184]
Roy A. Burrell Eta Chi Louisiana House of Representatives; former member of the Shreveport City Council; former president of the Delta Upsilon Lambda chapter [185]
Randy D. Dunn Omicron Xi Lambda Missouri House of Representatives [186]
Al Edwards unknown Texas House of Representatives; considered the father of the Juneteenth Holiday [187]
Patrick O. Jefferson Beta Phi Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 11; lawyer in Arcadia, Louisiana [188]
Carl McCall Theta Zeta Legislator of New York; Comptroller of New York; 2002 Democratic candidate for Governor of New York [77][189]
William Byron Rumford Gamma Phi Lambda Member of the California State Legislature [190][191]
C. O. Simpkins, Sr. Dillard University Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for Caddo Parish, 1992 to 1996 [192]
Albert Vann Alpha Xi Lambda New York State Assembly [193]
Herb Wesson Nu California State Assembly; Speaker of the California State Assembly [194]
Tyrone Yates Alpha Alpha Ohio House of Representatives [195]

Government officials outside the U.S.

Name Original chapter Notability References
Joseph Boakai Eta Epsilon Lambda Vice President of Liberia, serving under President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf [196]
E. David Burt Nu Beta Member of Parliament; Deputy Leader of the Progressive Labour Party; former Senator, Bermuda [197]
Shawn Crockwell unknown Member of Parliament and Minister of Tourism, Development & Transport, Bermuda [198]
Clifton Stanley Hardy Tau Chief auditor for the Republic of Liberia, European correspondent for the Associated Negro Press in Paris, government adviser on export-import banking issues for Liberia [199]
Stuart Hayward Beta House of Assembly of Bermuda [35]
Norman Washington Manley Beta Beta Lambda Premier of Jamaica; founder of Jamaica's People's National Party; 1914 Rhodes Scholar [65][66]
Prince K. Moye Eta Epsilon Lambda Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of Liberia [200]
Diallo Rabain Epsilon Theta Lambda Member of Parliament; former Opposition Senate Leader and Senator, Bermuda [201]
Edward Richards Epsilon Theta Lambda First Premier of Bermuda [202]
Lawrence Scott Epsilon Theta Lambda Member of Parliament, Bermuda; son of former Premier of Bermuda William Alexander Scott [203]
Peter Turnquest Eta Gamma Member of Parliament, Deputy Leader of the Free National Movement Party, the Bahamas [204]

Journalists and media personalities

Name Original chapter Notability References
Ron Allen Psi News correspondent for NBC and ABC [205][206]
Tony Brown Alpha Upsilon Commentator on the syndicated television show Tony Brown's Journal; founding dean of Howard University's School of Communication [20][207]
Malvin Russell Goode Omicron First Black news correspondent for ABC as a United Nations reporter [20]
Jay Harris Nu Theta Sportscaster for ESPN on SportsCenter and ESPNEWS [208][209]
Corey Hébert Alpha Rho Celebrity physician, radio talk show host, Chief Medical Editor for National Broadcasting Company for the Gulf Coast, first Black Chief Resident of Pediatrics at Tulane University, Chief executive officer of Community Health TV [210]
Roland S. Martin Pi Omicron Editor of the Chicago Defender, radio talk show host; contributor to CNN, Anchor for TV One network news [211][212]
Lu Palmer Alpha Kappa Chicago Sun Times columnist; community activist; campaign manager for Harold Washington mayoral race [213]
Stuart Scott Mu Zeta Sportscaster for ESPN on SportsCenter [20]
Chuck Stone Alpha Kappa Speechwriter for Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.; first president of the National Association of Black Journalists; Tuskegee Airman [20][214][215]
Lewis Ossie Swingler Beta Beta[216] Editor of the Sphinx; editor in chief of the Memphis World; co-founder and editor in chief of the Tri-State Defender; southern vice president of Alpha Phi Alpha during the Montgomery bus boycott [217][218]
Pierre Thomas Theta Iota ABC Network News Senior Justice Correspondent; 2012 National Association of Black Journalists(NABJ) Journalist of the Year Award Winner; two-time Emmy Award winner (2001 and 2009); winner of the George Foster Peabody and Alfred I DuPont Awards [219]
Stan Verrett Beta Sportscaster for ESPN on SportsCenter and ESPNEWS [220]

Literature

Name Original chapter Notability References
Countee Cullen Eta Poet of the Harlem Renaissance [83]
Eric Jerome Dickey Kappa Eta Author [20]
E. Lynn Harris Kappa Kappa Author, playwright [20]
Chester Himes Kappa Author whose works include If He Hollers Let Him Go and a series of Harlem Detective novels [20][221]
Lawrence Ross Alpha Epsilon Author of The Divine Nine: The History of African American Fraternities and Sororities [20]
Carl Weber Beta Gamma Author [20]
Clint Wilson Alpha Delta Author, Whither the Black Press?; journalist; Howard University professor [222]
Frank Yerby Theta Best-selling author [20]
Countee Cullen

Armed Services

Name Original chapter Notability References
Ronald L. Bailey Zeta Lambda Major General, United States Marine Corps; first African American Commander of the 1st Marine Division [223]
Dr. William Banton Beta First Black Brigadier General in the USAF; clinical faculty member of the University of St. Louis School of Medicine; first African American president of the St. Louis Metropolitan Medical Society [224]
David L. Brewer Gamma Zeta Admiral, United States Navy; Superintendent of L.A. Unified School District, community activist [225]
Charles Q. Brown Eta Upsilon Four star general; U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff; 1st African American military service chief [226]
Wesley A. Brown Sigma Lieutenant Commander; first Black graduate from United States Naval Academy; the Wesley A. Brown Field House at the US Naval Academy is named in his honor [227]
Roscoe Cartwright Zeta Alpha General, United States Army [28]
Victor Daly Alpha French Croix de Guerre recipient; novelist and author [228]
Gracus K. Dunn Nu Alpha Brigadier General, United States Army [229]
Amos M. Gailliard Jr. Zeta Zeta Lambda One-star general, United States Army, New York Guard
Walter E. Gaskin Delta Eta Three-star general, United States Marine Corps [230]
Fred A. Gorden Mu Beta Lambda Brigadier General; first African-American First Captain of the West Point Academy [28][231]
Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. Gamma First African American Admiral, United States Navy; first African American to command a US fleet; the Arleigh Burke class warship USS Gravely (DDG 107) was named in his honor and commissioned on November, 20th 2010 [20]
Benjamin Thurman Hacker Epsilon Mu Lambda Rear Admiral, United States Navy [20]
Clifton Stanley Hardy Tau Commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army, Regional translator for the 365th infantry(french) World War I [199]
Edward Honor Beta Sigma Major General, United States Army [20]
James E. Huger Alpha Zeta Montford Point Marine; awarded Congressional Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama; former executive director and general secretary of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; Alpha Award of Merit recipient [232][233]
Prince C. Johnson, III Eta Epsilon Lambda Brigadier General, Deputy Chief of Staff (DCOS), Armed Forces of Liberia [234]
James McCall Psi Major General Chief in the Pentagon Budget Office [28]
Charles McGee Tau Colonel, United States Air Force; original Tuskegee Airman and 30 year career officer in the USAF; holds an Air Force record 409 fighter combat missions flown in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam; awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, Air Medal, and Army Commendation Medals; awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by President George W. Bush in 2007; inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2011 Promoted to Brigadier General in 2019 [235]
Winston E. Scott Alpha Phi Lambda Astronaut, Johnson Space Center [20]
William J. Walker Theta Psi Lambda Major General, United States Army, commanding general, District of Columbia National Guard [236]
Bobby Wilks Alpha Eta First African American Coast Guard aviator; first African American to reach the rank of Coast Guard captain [237]
Darryl K. Williams Gamma Iota Lieutenant General, Commanding General of combined arms and Senior Mission Commander at Fort Lee, Virginia [238]
Johnnie E. Wilson Theta Theta Lambda Four-star general, United States Army [239]
Daniel Dee Ziankahn Eta Epsilon Lambda Major General, Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of Liberia [240]
Walter E. Gaskin
Samuel L. Gravely, Jr.
Benjamin Hacker
Winston E. Scott
Johnnie Wilson

Religion

Name Original chapter Notability References
John Hurst Adams Alpha Omicron Founder of the Congress of National Black churches; Senior Bishop of the A.M.E. church; civil rights activist; President of Paul Quinn College [241]
Vinton R. Anderson Xi 92nd Bishop of African Methodist Episcopal Church; President of World Council of Churches [44]
James H. Cone Beta Chi Author of Black Theology & Black Power; considered the "father of Black Liberation Theology"; Distinguished Professor of Theology at Union Theological Seminary [242]
Qu'Derrick R. Covington Epsilon Zeta Founder/President of It Is Finished Ministries [243]
Tyrone Crider Theta Mu Lambda National Director of Operation PUSH [243][244]
Harold Davis Beta Sigma President of American Baptist Churches; pastor [243]
Cain Hope Felder Beta First national director of the United Methodist Black Caucus; Professor of Theology at Howard University and Princeton University; editor of The African American Jubilee Bible [35][245]
T. J. Jemison Beta Upsilon Co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); President of National Baptist Convention; organized the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott of 1953 [20]
E. Edward Jones Delta Sigma President of National Baptist Convention of America, Inc. from 1986 to 2003 [243]
Martin Luther King, Jr. Sigma 1962 Nobel Peace Prize; civil rights activist; co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established in his honor; 1957 Spingarn Medal, 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom, and 2004 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; first African American with a memorial on the National Mall [28][36][246]
Clementa C. Pinckney Gamma Gamma Senior Pastor of Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church; one of nine people slain in the 2015 Charleston church shooting; his eulogy was delivered by President Barack Obama; South Carolina State Senator [247][248]
J. Alfred Smith unknown President of Progressive National Baptist Convention [243]
Cain Hope Felder
Martin Luther King Jr.

Science

Sixty percent of all Black male doctors and sixty-five percent of all Black male dentists are Alphas.[9]

Name Original chapter Notability References
Leonidas H. Berry Xi Pioneer in the medical sciences of gastroscopy and endoscopy; inventor of the Berry endoscope; President of the National Medical Association 1965-1966; author of I wouldn't take Nothin' for my Journey: Two centuries of an Afro-American Minister's Family [249]
Herman Branson Beta Gamma President of Central State University and Lincoln University; co-discoverer of the Alpha helix; sickle-cell physicist [15][16]
James Comer Gamma Eta Prominent child psychiatrist; founder of the Comer School Development Program at the Yale University Child Study Center; associate dean at the Yale University School of Medicine [20][250]
Lloyd Augustus Hall Theta Chemist who contributed to the science of food preservation; author of 59 United States patents; a number of his inventions were also patented in foreign countries [251]
LaSalle Leffall, Jr. Beta Nu President of American College of Surgeons; President of American Cancer Society [20]
Garrett A. Morgan Delta Alpha Lambda Inventor who originated a respiratory protective hood (similar to modern gas masks) and a hair-straightening preparation; patented a type of traffic light signal [20][252]
Earl W. Renfroe Theta Orthodontist; for many years, he was acknowledged as one of the best hands-on clinical orthodontics instructors in the world; a dental facility in Barbados is named after him [253]
J. Marshall Shepherd Iota Delta Physicist; NASA meteorologist; professor at University of Georgia; expert on global climate change and environmental issues [254]
Louis Wade Sullivan Alpha Rho Secretary of Health and Human Services; co-founder and first President of Morehouse School of Medicine [20]
Levi Watkins, Jr. Beta Omicron Chief of cardiovascular surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital; performed the world's first human implantation of the automatic implantable defibrillator; first African-American medical student at Vanderbilt University [20]
William Warwick Cardozo Kappa Physician;Pioneer researcher of sickle cell anemia; Howard University professor of Medicine; Chief of Staff Gastroenterology at Providence Hospital [255]
Garrett Morgan
Earl Renfroe

Service and social reform

Name Original chapter Notability References
William J. Barber II Gamma Beta North Carolina NAACP State President, 2018 MacArthur Foundation Genius award recipient, architect of the Moral Mondays Movement, author of The Third Reconstruction: Moral Mondays [256]
Cornell William Brooks Delta Phi 18th President/CEO of the NAACP; attorney; social and civil rights activist [257]
Julius Chambers Gamma Beta Attorney in the Supreme Court case styled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education; third Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; President of North Carolina Central University [18][19]
Frederick Douglass Omega
(Honorary)
United States Ambassador to Haiti; anti-slavery activist [28][141]
W. E. B. Du Bois Epsilon
(Honorary)
Co-founder of Niagara Movement and NAACP; founder and Editor-in-Chief of The Crisis; first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University; 1920 Spingarn Medal recipient; author of The Souls of Black Folks [28][36]
Lloyd L. Gaines Alpha Psi Central figure of one of the most important cases in the Civil Rights Movement, the Supreme Court case Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada [258]
Lester Granger Theta Zeta 3rd Executive Secretary of the National Urban League [28]
Dick Gregory Beta Eta 1968 Presidential candidate; comedian, social activist, writer [28][259]
George Edmund Haynes Beta Founder and first President of the National Urban League; first African American to receive a PhD from Columbia University [260]
John Hope Eta Lambda First Black President of Atlanta University; President of Atlanta University; co-founder of the Niagara Movement and NAACP; fourth President of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); 1936 Spingarn Medal recipient [17][36][37][38]
T. J. Jemison Beta Upsilon Co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference; President of the National Baptist Convention; organized the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott of 1953 [20]
Charles S. Johnson Gamma Editor of the National Urban League's Opportunity magazine; first Black President of Fisk University [13]
Lyman T. Johnson Gamma Plaintiff whose successful legal challenge opened the University of Kentucky to African-American students in 1949 [261]
Eugene K. Jones Alpha Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; second Executive Director of the National Urban League; Member of President Franklin D Roosevelt's Black Cabinet [11][13]
Martin Luther King, Jr. Sigma 1962 Nobel Peace Prize; civil rights activist; co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established in his honor; 1957 Spingarn Medal, 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom, and 2004 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; first African American with a memorial on the National Mall [28][36][246]
Martin Luther King III Eta Lambda President and CEO of the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change; former president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) [30]
Rayford Logan Omicron First Executive Director of the National Urban League; Member of President Franklin D Roosevelt's Black Cabinet; 2nd Executive Director of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); 1980 Spingarn Medal recipient; 15th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12][119]
Joseph Lowery Eta Lambda Co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); delivered the benediction at the inauguration of Barack Obama in 2009; 2009 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient [30]
Floyd McKissick Alpha Rho 2nd President of Congress of Racial Equality; Founder of Soul City [262][263]
Jesse E. Moorland Beta Co-founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); namesake of Howard University's Moorland-Spingarn Research Center [264][265]
Marc Morial Psi Louisiana State Legislature; Mayor of New Orleans; 8th CEO of the National Urban League [28][162]
Hugh Bernard Price Eta Alpha Lambda 7th President of the National Urban League [20]
Paul Robeson Nu NFL player, Actor and singer; social activist, 1945 Spingarn Medal recipient; Stalin Peace Prize laureate [36][108]
Jawn Sandifer Alpha Omicron Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court; one of two staff lawyers for the NAACP who successfully argued Henderson v. United States [175][176]
Ozell Sutton Pi Lambda Co-founder of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children; 2012 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; 26th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity; Original Monford Point Marine [233]
Heman Sweatt Alpha Sigma Plaintiff in the US Supreme Court case styled Sweatt v. Painter, which successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson [266]
Channing Heggie Tobias Beta Chairman of the NAACP, Director of the Phelps-Stokes Fund; 1948 Spingarn Medal recipient [36][267]
C. T. Vivian Eta Lambda Civil rights activist and aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; 2013 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; author and humanitarian [268]
Wyatt Tee Walker Gamma Co-founder and 3rd Executive Director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); civil and human rights activist [243][269]
Alfred Bitini Xuma unknown President of the African National Congress [270][271]
Max Yergan Theta 2nd President of the National Negro Congress; Co-founder of the International Council on African Affairs; 1933 Spingarn Medal recipient [36][272][273]
Whitney Young Beta Mu 4th President of the National Urban League; 1968 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; namesake of the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge [274]
Frederick Douglass
W. E. B. Du Bois
Dick Gregory
Charles S. Johnson
Martin Luther King III
Joseph Lowery
Marc Morial
Whitney Young

Sports

Olympics

Name Original chapter Notability References
Dave Albritton Kappa 1936 Olympian, high jump; inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of Fame, 1980 [275]
Don Barksdale Gamma Xi 1948 Olympian and first African American to play with the USA Olympic Basketball Team; NBA player [276][277]
Walt Bellamy Gamma Eta 1960 Olympian NBA player; NBA Rookie of the Year (1962); NBA Hall of Fame (1993) [278]
Quinn Buckner Gamma Eta 1976 Olympian; NBA player [20][279]
James A. Butts Eta Pi Lambda 1976 Olympian, track and field [280]
Sayon Cooper Delta Xi 2000 Olympian, track and field [281]
Otis Davis Alpha Delta Winner of two gold medals for record-breaking performances in both the 400 metres and 4x400 metres relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics [282]
Phil Edwards Eta Olympic athlete and winner of five bronze medals [282]
Edward Gourdin Alpha Eta 1924 Olympian; first man to make 25 feet in the long jump [283][284]
Chris Huffins Alpha Epsilon Bronze medalist in 2000 Olympics [285]
G. Larry James unknown 1968 Olympian; 4x400 meter relay gold medalist, 400 meter race silver medalist [286]
Cornelius Johnson unknown 1932 and 1936 Olympian; high jump [287]
Mel Lattany Zeta Pi Gold medal winner at the IAAF World Cup, Summer Universiade, and Liberty Bell Classic; was not able to compete in the 1980 Olympics due to the US boycott on Russia, but held the world record that year in 100m [282]
Ralph Metcalfe Nu Xi Representative from Illinois; 1932 and 1936 Olympian; the Ralph H. Metcalfe Federal Building in Chicago is named in his honor [20][288]
Manteo Mitchell Nu Zeta 2012 silver medalist in track and field [289]
Godfrey Murray Epsilon 1972 Track and field Olympian [290]
Jesse Owens Kappa 1936 Olympian in track and field; Associated Press Athlete of the Year, 1936; 1976 Presidential Medal of Freedom and 1990 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; namesake of the Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium at Ohio State University [20][291]
Fritz Pollard, Jr. Alpha Gamma 1936 Olympian, 110m hurdles [287]
Mike Powell Omicron Eta 1988 and 1992 Olympian, long jump [20]
Andrew Stanfield Alpha Alpha Lambda 1952 and 1956 Olympian, track and field [287]
Eddie Tolan Epsilon 1932 Olympian, 100 and 200 metres [281]
Lenny Wilkens Zeta Pi Lambda NBA player and coach; 1996 Olympian, basketball coach [20][292]
Archibald Williams Alpha Epsilon 1936 Olympian, track and field [287]
John Woodruff Omicron 1936 Olympian, track and field [287]
Kevin Young Gamma Xi 1988 and 1992 Olympian, track and field [276][293]
Jesse Owens and Ralph Metcalfe
Mike Powell

American basketball

Name Original chapter Notability References
Nate Archibald Theta Delta Lambda NBA player; Basketball Hall of Fame; voted one of the NBA 50 All Time Greatest Players [20]
Don Barksdale Gamma Xi 1948 Olympian and first African American to play with the USA Olympic Basketball Team; first African American consensus All American college basketball player; NBA player; first African American to play in the NBA All-Star game; Basketball Hall of Fame [276][277]
Walt Bellamy Gamma Eta 1960 Olympian NBA player, Basketball Hall of Fame [294]
Junior Bridgeman Delta Chi Lambda NBA player; 12 years in the NBA; his number was retired by the Milwaukee Bucks [281]
Quinn Buckner Gamma Eta 1976 Olympian; NBA player, 10 seasons in the NBA [20][279]
Todd Day Kappa Kappa NBA player, nine seasons in the NBA [28]
Wayne Embry Delta Upsilon NBA player and General Manager; five-time NBA All-Star; Basketball Hall of Fame [42]
Clyde Fletcher Kappa Kappa NBA player, player for Arkansas Razorbacks 1990 NCAA Final Four team [295][296]
Walt Frazier unknown NBA player; Basketball Hall of Fame; two-time NBA Champion; seven-time NBA All-Star, 4x All NBA First Team; two-time All NBA Second Team; seven-time All Defensive First Team; NBA 50th Anniversary All-Time Team [297][298]
George Gregory Eta In 1931, he became the first black basketball player to be selected as an All-American
Dolly King unknown NBL player (predecessor of the NBA) [299]
Stan McKenzie (basketball) Delta Lambda NBA player, seven seasons in the NBA [300]
Jim McMillian Eta NBA player; three-time college All-American; three-time Haggerty Award winner; nine seasons in the NBA [301]
Chris Mills Eta Epsilon Lambda NBA player, 10 seasons in the NBA [28]
Bobby Phills Beta Sigma NBA player, Continental Basketball Association player [42]
Garrett Temple Nu Psi NBA player [302]
Wes Unseld unknown NBA player and coach; Basketball Hall of Fame [28]
Walt Wesley Upsilon NBA player, ten seasons in the NBA [300]
Lenny Wilkens Zeta Pi Lambda NBA player and coach; second most wins all-time in NBA history; 1994 NBA Coach of the Year; 1996 Olympian; Basketball Coach; Basketball Hall of Fame; twice inducted into the Hall of Fame as both a player and a coach, the first and only African American so honored [20][292]
John "Hot Rod" Williams Rho Iota NBA player, 13 seasons in the NBA [28]
John Woodruff

American football

Name Original chapter Notability References
Emmanuel Arceneaux Delta Kappa NFL player, Minnesota Vikings [303]
Bobby Bell Mu National Football League (NFL) player, Pro Football Hall of Fame [304][305]
Gordon Bell Epsilon NFL player [306]
Khari Blasingame Kappa Theta NFL player [307]
Leroy Bolden Gamma Tau NFL player [308]
Wes Chandler Theta Sigma NFL player; four-time Pro Bowl player; two-time college All American; 2014 College Football Hall of Fame inductee [20]
Michael Clayton Nu Psi NFL player [309]
Emerson Cole Alpha Xi Lambda NFL player; first African American to be drafted by the Cleveland Browns and a member of the 1950 NFL championship team; University of Toledo Hall of Fame [310]
Don Coleman Gamma Tau NFL player; first African American All-American football player at Michigan State University; first MSU player to have jersey retired; first African American to serve on the MSU coaching staff; member of College Football Hall of Fame [311]
Greg Coleman Beta Nu NFL player; first African American punter in the NFL [281]
Marco Coleman Nu Mu NFL player; 14 seasons in the NFL; Pro Bowler [312]
Canute Curtis Pi Mu NFL player [313]
Garrett Dickerson Alpha Mu NFL player with the New York Giants [314]
Chris Doleman Omicron NFL player, Pro Football Hall of Fame; eight-time Pro Bowl selection; three-time First Team All Pro selection; two-time Second Team All Pro selection; four-time First Team All NFC; two-time Second Team All NFC; NFL 1990's All Decade Team [315]
Donald Driver Delta Kappa NFL player; three-time Pro Bowler; author [309]
Carl Eller Mu NFL player, 2004 Pro Football Hall of Fame [316]
Mel Farr, Jr. Gamma Xi NFL player [276][317]
Mike Farr Gamma Xi NFL player [276][318]
Charles Fisher Pi Mu NFL player, 12 years in the NFL [319]
Julius Franks Epsilon First African American to become an All-American football player at the University of Michigan [320]
Kyle Fuller (offensive lineman) Tau Alpha NFL player [321]
Derrick Gaffney Theta Sigma NFL player, nine years in the NFL [322][323]
Nesby Glasgow Alpha Xi NFL player, 14 years in the NFL [324][325]
Barrett Green Pi Mu NFL player, seven years in the NFL [313]
Sammy Green Theta Sigma NFL player [322][326]
Rosey Grier Gamma Nu NFL player; two-time Pro Bowler; singer; actor; best known for The Thing with Two Heads; helped apprehend Sirhan Sirhan in the immediate aftermath of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination [327]
Charles Haley Xi Delta NFL player; 2015 Pro Football Hall of Fame; 5-time Super Bowl Champion (San Francisco 49ers 1988 & 1989; Dallas Cowboys 1992, 1993, & 1995); five-time Pro Bowl player [28]
P. J. Hall Theta Mu NFL player with the Oakland Raiders [328]
Dennis Harrison Kappa Theta NFL player; played in Super Bowl XV and Pro Bowl [329]
T. J. Heath Xi Xi NFL player, Jacksonville Jaguars [329]
Darryl Henley Gamma Xi NFL player and college All American [330]
Eddie Hinton Zeta Zeta NFL player, Baltimore Colts; played in Super Bowl V; former all-time leading receiver at the University of Oklahoma [331]
Darius Holland Alpha Iota NFL player, 10 seasons in the NFL [332]
Michael Hunter Gamma Eta NFL player [333]
Germain Ifedi Pi Omicron NFL player [334]
Duke Ihenacho Epsilon Mu NFL player [335]
Michael Jackson Mu Xi NFL player, 8 years in the NFL [28]
Charles Janerette Gamma Nu NFL player, six years in the NFL, first African American to play against the all White University of Alabama football team [336]
Trezelle Jenkins Epsilon NFL player [319]
Demetrious Johnson Zeta Alpha NFL player; founder of the Demetrious Johnson Charitable Foundation [337]
Ron Johnson Epsilon NFL player; two-time Pro Bowler; College Football Hall of Fame; college football All-American; Chairman of the National Football Foundation [338]
Tyrell Johnson Theta Upsilon NFL player; starting strong safety for the Minnesota Vikings, 2008 to present [303]
Dhani Jones Epsilon NFL player, 11 seasons in the NFL; TV personality [281]
Jaryd Jones-Smith Omicron NFL player with the Houston Texans [339]
Steve Jordan Alpha Gamma NFL player; six-time Pro Bowler [281]
Lewis Kelly Beta Delta NFL player, 6 seasons [340]
Reggie Kelly Kappa Beta NFL player [341]
Carnell Lake Gamma Xi NFL player; five-time Pro Bowler; NFL 1990s All Decade Team [20]
Henry Lawrence Beta Nu NFL player; two-time Pro Bowler [281]
Mark Lee Alpha Xi NFL player, 11 years in the NFL [324][342]
Mike Merriweather Nu Chi NFL player, three-time Pro Bowl player [281]
Ronald Moore Gamma Chi NFL player [343]
Bill Munsey Mu NFL player CFL player [304]
Adrian Murrell Pi Mu NFL player, 10 years in the NFL [319]
Marques Murrell Pi Nu NFL player [309]
Vincent Newsome Alpha Xi NFL player, current assistant director of pro personnel for Baltimore Ravens [344]
Roman Oben Alpha Pi NFL player, nine years in the NFL [345]
Brig Owens Alpha Alpha NFL player, 11 years in the NFL; included in the list of "70 Greatest Redskins" [281]
Michael Pittman Sr. Epsilon Beta NFL player, 10 years in the NFL [309]
Fritz Pollard Alpha Gamma One of the first two Black players in the NFL in 1920; first Black head coach in the NFL; 2005 Pro Football Hall of Fame [28]
Marcus Pollard Epsilon Kappa NFL player, 14 years in the NFL [20]
Jethro Pugh Beta Zeta NFL player, 13 years in the NFL [281]
Jay Ratliff Omicron Kappa NFL player; three-time Pro Bowl selection; First Team All Pro selection [329]
Ken Riley Beta Nu NFL player, 15 years in the NFL [346]
Paul Robeson Nu NFL player; two-time college football All-American; College Football Hall of Fame; actor and singer; social activist; 1945 Spingarn Medal recipient; Stalin Peace Prize laureate [36][108]
Eddie Robinson Beta Iota Lambda Head of the Grambling State University football program for 56 years; the winningest coach in college football history; first coach to record 400 wins; 408 total career wins [281]
Bernard Russ Pi Mu NFL player [313]
Art Shell Delta Nu NFL player, four-time Pro Bowl player; Pro Football Hall of Fame; second Black head coach in the NFL [42]
Max Starks Theta Sigma NFL player, two-time Super Bowl Champion [347]
Sandy Stephens Mu NFL player; First African American All-American Quarterback, Rose Bowl Hall of Fame [304][348]
Lemuel Stinson Eta Upsilon NFL player [281]
Woody Strode Alpha Delta NFL player; one of the first two African-Americans to play in the NFL's modern (post-World War II) era; actor; nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor [349]
Billy Taylor Epsilon University of Michigan football All American and school record holder of rushing yardage, CFL player [350]
Jesse Thomas Gamma Tau NFL player [308]
John Thornton Pi Mu NFL player, nine years in the NFL [319]
Willie Thrower Gamma Tau NFL player, first African American quarterback in the NFL modern era [308]
Wallace Triplett Gamma Nu NFL player, first African-American to be drafted into and play in the NFL [351]
Gene Upshaw Gamma Chi Lambda NFL and AFL player; 1987 Pro Football Hall of Fame; President of National Football League Players Association (NFLPA); NFLPA Headquarters building in Washington D.C. named in his honor [20]
Anthony Walker Jr. Alpha Mu NFL player with the Indianapolis Colts [352]
Kenny Washington Alpha Delta One of the first two African-Americans to play in the NFL's modern (post-World War II) era; member of the College Football Hall of Fame [281]
Gerald Williams Omicron Kappa NFL player; 11 seasons in the NFL [353]
J. Mayo Williams Alpha Gamma NFL player; one of the first African Americans to play professional football; recording artist elected to the Blues Hall of Fame [354]
Reggie Williams Theta Zeta NFL player; 2007 College Football Hall of Fame Inductee; 1986 NFL Man of the Year; 1987 Sports Illustrated Co-Sportsman of the Year; former Cincinnati City Councilman [355][356]
Eric Wright Zeta Alpha NFL player, two-time Pro Bowl player [42]
Jason Wright Alpha Mu NFL player [281]
Donald Driver
Rosey Grier
Paul Robeson

Other athletics

Name Original chapter Notability References
George Altman Beta Omicron Major League Baseball player [357]
Earl Burl III Delta Kappa Major League Baseball player [358]
Gerald Harris Pi Professional MMA fighter; The Ultimate Fighter (UFC), FCF, TFC, and International Fight League [359][360]
Eulace Peacock Psi Member of the National Track and Field Hall of Fame; rival of Jesse Owens [361]
Fred Valentine (baseball) Beta Omicron Major League Baseball player [357]
Willis Ward Epsilon University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Fame; second African American to letter in varsity football at Michigan; three-time track and field All-American and eight-time Big Ten champion; famous for being excluded from the 1934 Michigan vs. Georgia Tech football game due to being African American [320]
Gerald Williams unknown Major League Baseball player [362]

Other Alphas

Name Original chapter Notability References
David Bailey Gamma Beta 2017 Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor recipient. Special Agent of the United States Capitol Police who heroically prevented a massacre of members of the United States Congress during an attack in Alexandria, Virginia. The day after the attack, Bailey threw the first pitch at the Congressional Baseball Game. [363][364][365]
Abraham Bolden Alpha Psi First African-American U.S. Secret Service Agent assigned to the White House Detail (John F. Kennedy) Author of " The Echo from Dealey Plaza " [366]
Raymond Cannon Mu First Editor of The Sphinx, the official publication of Alpha Phi Alpha; 12th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha [12]
Albert I. Cassell Alpha Architect, designed buildings for Howard University, Morgan State University, and Virginia State University [367]
Cornelius Langston Henderson Epsilon Structural engineer and bridge builder; designed the Canadian approach to the Ambassador Bridge linking the U.S. and Canada; designed and built the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, the first vehicular subway tunnel (under the Detroit River) between two nations [368]
Hamilton Holmes Alpha Rho First African-American male student admitted to the University of Georgia; first African-American student to attend the Emory University School of Medicine [369]
James Hood Alpha Phi First African-American male student admitted to the University of Alabama [370]
Henry McKee Minton Rho Co-founder of Sigma Pi Phi fraternity; co-founder of Mercy Hospital of Philadelphia; 1891 Valedictorian of Phillips Exeter Academy [55][371]
E. Frederic Morrow Alpha Alpha Lambda First African American to hold an executive position at the White House as Administrative Officer for Special Projects under President Dwight Eisenhower; NAACP field secretary; CBS TV writer; author of Black Man in the White House, Way Down South Up North, Forty Years a Guinea Pig, and A Black Man's View From the Top [372]
Hilyard Robinson Eta Architect; designed buildings for Howard University, Hampton University and Langston Terrace Dwellings in Washington, DC; architect of Tuskegee, Alabama Army Airfield; first and only African American to design a US airbase [15]

General Presidents

References

  1. "Arizona Student Unions". Fraternity and sorority programs. University of Arizona. Archived from the original on 2007-06-18. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  2. Wesley 1981, p. v, Preface to the First Edition
  3. Wesley 1981, p. 82
  4. Wesley 1981, p. 122
  5. Wesley 1981, pp. 135–136
  6. "Alpha Response to Supreme Court Decision" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  7. Smoot, Charles (2018). "The Story of House of Alpha". The Jewel of the Midwest: A History of Alpha Phi Alpha in Illinois. Mount Pleasant, SC: Artisian House. ISBN 978-0-9755660-6-0.
  8. Wesley 1981, p. 273
  9. "Alpha Phi Alpha Facts". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Epsilon Zeta chapter. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  10. Mason, Herman (1999). "The Visionary Jewel—Eugene Kinckle Jones". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha. Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
  11. "Alpha Phi Alpha Founders". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Archived from the original on February 14, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  12. "General Presidents of Alpha Phi Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Archived from the original on September 22, 2010. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  13. "Virginia Union History". vuu.edu. Archived from the original on 2009-10-20. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
  14. Gray, Christopher (1994-04-24). "Streetscapes/The Walker Town House". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  15. "Notable Members of Mu Lambda". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Mu Lambda chapter. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
  16. "Herman Branson, sickle cell physicist . . ". African American Registry. Archived from the original on June 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  17. "'Supremes' Founder Mary Wilson To Be Honored By Alpha Phi Alpha". Atlanta Daily World. September 4, 2003. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2007.
  18. "Alpha Phi Alpha Educators". Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  19. "Great Lives in the Law: Julius Chambers Lecture". Duke Law News and Events. Duke University School of law. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
  20. "Notable Alpha Men". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Mu Lambda chapter. Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  21. "UMass Amherst Chancellor Search". University of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  22. "Alpha Phi Alpha Government Leaders". rso.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  23. "Alpha Phi Alpha College Presidents". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
  24. "Floyd H. Flake Professional Profile". Allen Cathedral. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  25. Sphinx Magazine, winter 2017/2018 volume 11 number 1 page 78
  26. Wesley 1981, p. 402
  27. "A Guide to the Papers of Luther Hilton Foster, 1928-1949". Luther Hilton Foster Papers, Accession number: # 1976-56, Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  28. "Prominent Alphas". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Archived from the original on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
  29. "Dr. Norman C. Francis Receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom". Xavier University. Archived from the original on May 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  30. "Civil rights veterans join Martin Luther King Jr.'s fraternity Alpha Phi Alpha" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. December 2010. Most of you have been walking in the light of Alpha all these years, and now you have finally have made it official.
  31. Wesley 1969
  32. "George Gore Biographical Information". tristate.edu. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  33. Sphinx Magazine 2000 volume 85 number 2 page 78
  34. Moore, Waveney Ann (2008-12-08). "Cornelius Henderson, Methodist bishop, dies". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
  35. "Prominent Initiates of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Beta Chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Beta chapter. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  36. "The Spingarn Medal". spingarn.k12.dc.us. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  37. "Activist John Hope had a vision. ". aaregistry.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  38. "Walking with Giants: The ASALH Presidents". asalh.org. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  39. "Delta Lambda Chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Delta Lambda chapter. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  40. "Freeman A. Hrabowski III". The University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  41. "President's Office". Philander Smith College. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
  42. "Famous Alpha Phi Alpha members". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Alpha Gamma chapter. Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  43. "Significant Events in the Life of Dd. Frederick D. Patterson". United Negro College Fund. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  44. Dawson, Horace; Brooke, Edward; Ponder, Henry; Anderson, Vinton R.; Austin, Bobby William; Dellums, Ron; Keith, Kenton; Perkins, Huel D.; Rangel, Charles; Ross, Clathan McClain & West, Cornel (July 2006). "The Centenary Report Of The Alpha Phi Alpha World Policy Council" (PDF). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2011-05-23. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  45. "John Brooks Slaughter Biography". biography.jrank.org. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  46. Sphinx Magazine, Fall 2011 volume 96 number 4 page 36
  47. "Historical Highlights". Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  48. The Sphinx Magazine Fall 2010 volume 95 no.3 pages 57-58
  49. Sphinx Magazine Spring/Summer 2015 volume 100 number 3 page 50
  50. "William Foster papers, 1940-2004". University of Kansas. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  51. Sphinx Magazine spring/February 1932 volume 18 number 1 page 17
  52. "John Hope Franklin, a timeless educator". aaregistry.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  53. "Kluge Prize Winners". Library of Congress. 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  54. The Sphinx Magazine, Spring 2017 volume 10.3 number 1 page 45
  55. Mason, Herman (1999-05-11). "Sigma Pi Phi: The Boule". Skip's Historical Moments, Number 19. skipmason.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  56. Ragland, James (2007-12-29). "'Great Debaters' sparks Wiley College's hopes for reinvention". The Dallas Morning News. dallasnews.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  57. The Sphinx Magazine, Spring 2017 volume 10.3 number 1 pages 50-51
  58. Mason, Herman (1999-05-25). "Notable Honorary Members". Skip's Historical Moments, Number 24. skipmason.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  59. "Dr. Kelly Miller: Johns Hopkins University's First Black Student". The History of African Americans form Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  60. Wesley 1981, p. 219
  61. "John Amos Porter". artnoir.com. Archived from the original on 2007-04-09. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  62. The Sphinx Magazine, Fall 2004 volume 89 number 1 page 75
  63. Forbes magazine online article
  64. Mosaics magazine University of Missouri-Columbia College of Art and Sciences winter 2000 page 28
  65. "Faces of Alpha Phi Alpha, Manley". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  66. Burke, Michael (2004-09-04). "Norman Manley and Aloun Assamba". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  67. "Hopkins' Honors Rhodes Scholar". The Gazette Online. Johns Hopkins University. 2001-01-22. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  68. "Dr. Randal Pinkett, Affiliations". Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  69. "The Apprentice". NBC. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  70. "Alpha Phi Alpha Business Leaders". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Tau Alpha chapter. Archived from the original on 2007-01-28. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  71. Sphinx Magazine, Winter 2011 volume 96 number 1 page 14
  72. "Bike tour of historic neighborhoods". Atlanta Daily World. townnews.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-18. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
  73. "17th House of Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Sigma chapter. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  74. "Celebration Of The Life Of John H. Johnson 1918-2005" (PDF). Funeral Program. johnpublishing.com. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-11. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
  75. Henderson, Tom (April 15, 2012).WSU to build $93M biotech hub. Crains Detroit Business. Retrieved on March 15, 2015.
  76. Sphinx Magazine, Spring 2003 pg.14-15, Volume 88, No.1
  77. "Alpha Phi Alpha Politicians". Retrieved 2007-06-07.
  78. "New York Times v. Sullivan". findlaw.com. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  79. Staff Writer (2004-11-04). "Samuel Pierce Jr., housing secretary in Reagan era". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  80. "Johnathan Rodgers Biography". jrank.com. 2006-11-17. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  81. "Everette Taylor-alpha-phi Alpha". Watch The Yard. May 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  82. "Ebony Magazine's "Power 150"" (Press release). May 2008. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved June 7, 2009. Alpha continues to stand as the organization that represents the totality of the Black male...
  83. "Alpha Phi Alpha Entertainers". Cornell University. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  84. "Duke Ellington–Composer, Pianist and Jazz Bandleader". dclibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  85. "Lionel Hampton: His Life and Legacy". Alpha University of Idaho. Archived from the original on 2007-08-05. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
  86. "Donny Hathaway biography". soulwalking.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
  87. Mason, Herman (1999-04-29). "Our Brother Duke Ellington would have been 100 years old today!". Skips Historical Moments, Number 11. skipmason.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
  88. Biography for Lionel Richie on IMDb
  89. "Martin L. King Jr. Holiday Exclusive: How a Historic Photo Serves as Inspiration for Writer of 'Stomp The Yard' Gregory Anderson". PR Newswire. Empire Broadcasting. 2001-01-10. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  90. "Shuffle Along". The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  91. "The Adventures of DJ Zel - Millennial Renaissance Man". Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  92. "Lineage-Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. - Alpha Epsilon Chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  93. "Todd Duncan biography". America Online. Archived from the original on 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  94. Kevin Grevioux on IMDb
  95. "Zeta Pi Lines 1990 - 1999". Alpha Phi Alpha, Theta Pi chapter. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  96. "Omari Hardwick biography". AOL. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  97. Rob Hardy on IMDb
  98. "President Mason sets focus on America's black boys" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 2009-01-28. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  99. "Fraternity Highlights Activism, Commitment To Improving Community" (Press release). blacknews.com. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  100. "Congrats, Brother Barry Jenkins #Oscars". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity newsletter. 2017-02-27. Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  101. "Next Big Thing: Christian Keyes". A Tru Star. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  102. "Alpha Chapter Lineage (1988-2003)". rso.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  103. Biography for Vaughn Lowery on IMDb
  104. "Profile Jackson State University Professor & Shots Fired Star Yohance Myles". Her campus. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  105. Alston, Joshua (2007-01-12). "Stepping Out of Line?". Newsweek Entertainment. msnbc.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
  106. "Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc Tackled the "N-Word"". Blacknews.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
  107. "Tim Reid Initiated". The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 95 (3): 35. Fall 2010.
  108. Biography for Paul Robeson on IMDb
  109. Biography for Terrell Tilford on IMDb
  110. Wesley 1981, pp. 453–454
  111. "HUMPHREY, Hubert Horatio, Jr., (1911 - 1978)". United States Congress. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  112. "Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony of the Congressional Gold Medal Honoring Hubert H. Humphrey". University of Texas. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  113. "Thurgood Marshall". africanamericans.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  114. "Press Briefing by Drug Control Director Lee Brown" (Press release). William J. Clinton Foundation. 1994-02-09. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-04. Our belief is that supply and demand are equally important and, therefore, they should not be competing with each other.
  115. Wesley 1981, pp. 481–482
  116. "Executive Office of the President". nixonfoundation.org. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  117. Peppers, Todd. "William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.: Breaking the Color Barrier at the U.S. Supreme Court" (PDF).
  118. "Executive Office of the President". nixonfoundation.org. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  119. Mason, Herman (1999). "Rayford Wittingham Logan". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha. Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
  120. "Former senator awarded Congressional Gold Medal". CNN. TBS. 28 October 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2010. He ran for office, as he put it, to bring people together who had never been together before, and that he did.
  121. "The Honorable Roland Burris". Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus. Archived from the original on February 28, 2003. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  122. Staff Writer (2009-01-15). "Burris sworn in as senator". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago: Chicago Sun News Group. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
  123. The Sphinx Magazine Fall 2010 volume 95 no.3, page 11
  124. "Members of Congress–Emanuel Cleaver". washingtonpost.com. 2006-04-07. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
  125. "U.S. Senate approves resolution" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 2006-11-06. Retrieved 2008-12-31. Alpha Phi Alpha is an exceptional organization that deserves to be recognized and honored for all of its many great achievements. The fraternity has helped shape more than 175,000 young men into extraordinary leaders who contribute positively to their communities and the world.
  126. Heredia, Christopher (2007-01-08). "Dellums sworn in as Oakland mayor". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
  127. "Origins and the History of the Congressional Black Caucus". cbcfinc.org. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  128. The Sphinx Magazine Winter 2013 / Spring 2014 volume 100 no.1, pages 39 and 51
  129. "Rangel, Charles B." United States Congress. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
  130. "Congressman Scott Honors Centennial Anniversary of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity". davidscott.gov. 2006-07-25. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  131. Sphinx magazine winter 2017 / 2018 volume 11 number 1 page 31
  132. Wesley 1981, pp. 139,327
  133. "Hall of Famers, Walter Gordon". National Football Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  134. "Alpha Phi Alpha History". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Springfield chapter. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  135. "U.S. Virgin Islands Statesmen". worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  136. Mason, Herman (1999). "James R. Williams". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha. Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
  137. Wesley 1981, pp. 341,344
  138. "Archibald Carey, Jr., Judge, diplomat, policymaker". Jet. Johnson. 7 August 1995. Archived from the original on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  139. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity (2005). Alpha Phi Alpha Men: A Century of Leadership (Video). Rubicon Productions.
  140. "Walter C. Carrington". Council of American Ambassadors. americanambassadors.org. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  141. "Frederick Douglass: The Hypocrisy of American Slavery, July 4, 1852". Modern History Sourcebook. fordham.edu. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  142. Sphinx Magazine, Spring 1965 volume 51 number 2 page 35
  143. "Delano Lewis". kckps.org. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  144. Wesley 1981, p. 417
  145. "Biographical Sketches of Diversity at Rutgers". Rutgers University. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  146. "State Department-T". Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  147. "Black Politicians in New York". politicalgraveyard.com. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
  148. "U.S. Ambassadors to Liberia". state.gov. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
  149. "State Department History". state.gov. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  150. "Andrew Young, statesman, businessman, humanitarian". Georgia State University. Archived from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
  151. Toner, Robin (1990-05-22). "Young as Candidate: Hard Road, Light Touch". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  152. "Alpha's National Convention in D.C.". The Baltimore Afro-American. August 18, 1979. p. 12. ProQuest 532444541.
  153. Wilkinson, Harry. "Theodor M. Barry showed them the way". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Gannett. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
  154. "Byron W. Brown, Mayor of Buffalo, New York". Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  155. Richardson, James D. "Willie Brown: The Members' Speaker". aliciapatterson.org. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  156. "Brothers on the Move". The Sphinx. 96 (1): 50. Winter 2011.
  157. "About Mayor Harvey Johnson, Jr". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  158. Schaffer, Jim; M.L. Elrick; Joe Swickard & Ben Schmitt (2008-09-05). "Kilpatrick admits guilt, resigns". Freep.com. Gannett. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  159. Paul, Caron (2013-03-11). "Ex-Detroit Mayor Kilpatrick convicted in corruption case". cnn.com. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
  160. "MS-322 James H. McGee Papers". Special Collection and Archives. Wright State University. Archived from the original on 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  161. "Wayne M. Messam". ci.miramar.fl.us. Archived from the original on 2015-11-09. Retrieved 2015-08-16.
  162. "Marc H. Morial, President and CEO". National Urban League. Archived from the original on 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  163. "Judge Joe Brown". Tavis Smiley. pbs.org. 2004-01-16. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  164. Wesley 1981, pp. 313,404,467
  165. Staff Writer. "Judge Robert L. Carter Honored by Phi Alpha Delta". Brooklyn Law School. Archived from the original on September 5, 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  166. "Christopher Dardern biography" (PDF). wma.com. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  167. "Milton C. Davis, Attorney at Law, Tuskegee, Alabama". Tuskegee University. 2004-04-08. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  168. Wormser, Richard. "Charles Hamilton Houston". Jim Crow Stories. pbsorg. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  169. "Harry Johnson". Tavis Smiley. pbs.org. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  170. "Summary Biography The Honorable Damon J. Keith". Archived from the original on July 15, 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  171. "New Negro Alliance's Sanitary Grocery Protest Site". culturaltourismdc.org. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  172. Warikoo, Niraj (2006-03-31). "Dearborn to host Alpha Phi Alpha meeting" (PDF). Detroit Free Press. freep.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  173. Judge Mathis on IMDb
  174. Selah, Makkada B. "Justice for Trayvon: Attorney Daryl Parks Speaks". Ebony. Johnson Publishing. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  175. Wesley 1981, pp. 298,301,304,306–307,309,323,344
  176. Hevesi, Dennis (2006-09-07). "Jawn Sandifer, Civil Rights Lawyer, Dies at 92". Obituaries. The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
  177. "President Obama Nominates Judge Michael A. Shipp to Serve on the US District Court". The White House. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
  178. Wesley 1981, pp. 283,307,367,373,377,385,447
  179. "Arthur Davis Shores—Biography". Alabama Bar Association. Archived from the original on April 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  180. "Smith, Charles Z. (1927- )". BlackPast.org.
  181. "Beta Tau Chapter History". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Beta Tau chapter. Archived from the original on 2004-04-29. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  182. "Garner v. Louisiana, 368 U.S. 157 (1961)". supreme.justia.com. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  183. "Documentary Chronicles Efforts of First African-American To Sue For Admission to UGA" (Press release). University Community News Bureau of the University of Georgia. 2000-02-11. Archived from the original on November 1, 2005. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  184. "Support of Alpha Brothers Campaigning For Senate and Congressional Seats" (PDF). The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 87 (3): 19. Fall 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  185. "Roy Burrell's Biography". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  186. "Representative Randy Dunn District 023". www.house.mo.gov. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
  187. "Juneteenth U.S.A Holiday Thanks to Texas State Representative Al Edwards". texasjuneteenthusa.com. Archived from the original on August 3, 2001. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  188. "Alumnus Patrick Jefferson Takes Office as Louisiana State Representative". Dillard University. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  189. "Eye on Albany Campaign 2002". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
  190. "History of Gamma Phi Lambda". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Alpha Phi Lambda chapter. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  191. "Black Politicians in California". politicalgraveyard.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  192. "C. O. Simpkins, Sr.: Civil Rights Champion". cosimpkins.com. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  193. Howell, Ron (November 1997). "Al Vann and the Revolution unplugged". City Limits. City Futures. Retrieved 28 February 2012. Coming out of my role in the sixties, it was understood that the role of the politician was to help build institutions.
  194. "Lincoln University Presents 143rd Commencement" (Press release). Lincoln University. 2002-04-26. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  195. "Tyrone K. Yates". Ohio House of Representatives. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
  196. "Biography of Vice President Joseph N. Boakai". Government of Liberia. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  197. "PLP Party". PLP1. Archived from the original on 2012-03-17. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
  198. "OBA Party". OBA. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
  199. "The Sphinx - Summer 1988". Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  200. "House Elects Speaker and Deputy Speaker". FrontpageAfrica. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  201. "PLP Party". PLP2. Archived from the original on 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
  202. "Bermuda Government". Bermuda-Island.net. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  203. "PLP Party". PLP1. Archived from the original on 2012-08-11. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  204. "FNM Party". FNM. Archived from the original on 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
  205. "Penn Careers" (PDF). college.upenn.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  206. Staff Writer (2007-04-10). "Ron Allen NBC News Correspondent". msnbc.com. Archived from the original on 2004-02-15. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  207. Prince, Richard (2004-07-20). "Tony Brown Named Hampton J-School Dean". Richard Prince's Journal-isms. Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
  208. "Annual ODU NPHC Events and Programs" (PDF). studentaffairs.odu.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  209. Lidington, James J. (Fall 2003). "News Anchor Makes The Jump To ESPN". Old Dominion University Magazine. 5 (1). Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  210. "Dr. Corey Hébert". drcoreyhebert.com. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  211. "Roland S. Martin". creators.com. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  212. "The Pi Omicron Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc". www.thepotentpio.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  213. Sphinx Magazine, Spring, 1983, volume 69 number 1 page 14
  214. Brock, Paul (2004-07-28). "Chuck Stone". nabj.org. Archived from the original on October 3, 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  215. Staff Writer (2006-10-25). "Chuck Stone, former Tuskegee Airman, to speak at UNC Veterans Day ceremony" (Press release). The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  216. Alpha Phi Alpha: A Development in College Life by Charles Harris Wesley
  217. This Week's Census. Jet Magazine. 11 October 1962. p. 28. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  218. Martin Luther King Jr. (27 February 1997). The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Volume III: Birth of a New Age, December 1955-December 1956. University of California Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-520-07952-6. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  219. Sphinx Magazine, Winter/Spring 2012, page 47
  220. "Sports Broadcasters and Writers". Greeks in Sports. North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2007-07-24. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  221. "Alpha Phi Alpha". Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2013-01-28. Chester Himes, Kappa, (Ohio State University), Author
  222. Sphinx Magazine, Fall/Winter 2014 pg.31 volume 100 number 3
  223. The Sphinx Magazine Fall 2010 volume 95 number 3 page 21 (captioned photo)
  224. The Sphinx Magazine spring 2017 volume 10.3 number 1 pages 59-60
  225. "Bro. Brewer newest Navy Admiral". The Sphinx. 79 (1): 4. Spring 1994.
  226. http://www.watchtheyard.com. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  227. "The Untold Story of Leonard Braithwaite". Ontario Black History Society. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  228. "Alpha Phi Alpha and the Great War". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity: A Centennial Celebration. Cornell University Library. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  229. The Sphinx Magazine, Summer/Fall 2009 volume 00 number 1 page 11
  230. "Gaskin Marks One Year At NATO". The Sphinx. 96 (1): 10. Winter 2011.
  231. Curry, George E. (2003-04-23). "Success of Brooks Brothers Caps Long Struggle at West Point". georgecurry.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  232. "The Legacy Celebration Honoring Dr. James E. Huger". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
  233. "Alpha Phi Alpha members honored with the Congressional Gold Medal". Copy Line News Magazine. 2012-06-27. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
  234. "Deputy Chief of Staff - AFL". Archived from the original on 2018-01-18. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  235. "McGee earns Boy Scouts' top honor at national jamboree". The Sphinx. 96 (1): 52. Winter 2011.
  236. "Major General DC William J. Walker".
  237. "Wilks was historically significant aviator, legend in his own time". The Sphinx. 96 (1): 55. Winter 2011.
  238. The Sphinx, Fall/Winter 2006, part 2, page 37
  239. "Pi Upsilon Lambda Chapter History". Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  240. "Chief of Staff - AFL". Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  241. Sphinx Magazine, Spring 1999 volume 84 number 1 page 50}}
  242. name=Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Corporate Headquarters website 5/4/2018}}
  243. "Alpha Phi Alpha Religious Leaders". Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  244. "Rev. Tyrone Crider, former national director of Operation PUSH, is speaker Jan. 19" (Press release). Purdue University Calumet. 2005-12-28. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
  245. "This Far By Faith, Witnesses to Faith". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
  246. "Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr". africanamericans.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  247. Blakeney, Barney (18 June 2015). "Rev. Clementa Pinckney: Good Shepherd Remained With His Flock To The End". The Charleston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  248. Liptak, Kevin (26 June 2015). "Obama eulogizes pastor in Charleston shooting". cnn.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  249. The Sphinx Magazine summer 1979 volume 65 number 2 page 17
  250. Staff Writer (2004-02-24). "James P. Copmer, Yale University Child Psychiatrist, to Give Keynote Address at march 26 Conference / Bryn Mawr Now". Bryn Mawr College. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
  251. "Lloyd Augustus Hall biography". library.thinkquest.org. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  252. "Garrett Morgan biography". blackinventor.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  253. "Earl Wiley Renfroe obituary". arlingtoncemetery.net. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  254. The Sphinx Magazine Fall 2004 volume 89 number 1 page 75
  255. "The Sphinx Magazine" April 1931 volume 17 number 2 page 2(listed as third vice president)
  256. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Advocacy and Action booklet, page 28
  257. Alpha Phi Alpha: Advocacy and Action; page 30 January 6th, 2017
  258. Tabscott, Robert W. (2007-03-03). "In 1938, Lloyd Gaines was poised to become a major figure in the desegregation of America. But then he vanished". Post-Dispatch. STLtoday.com. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  259. "Dick Gregory, For the People". africanamericans.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
  260. "History of the National Urban League". nul.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  261. "Talkin' about that Epsilon Chi". University of Kentucky. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  262. "Alpha Phi Alpha Celebrates 100". Black Issues Forum. UNC-TV. Archived from the original on June 12, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
  263. "Floyd McKissick, former CORE director". aaregistry.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  264. Wesley 1981, pp. 110,149,154,157
  265. "Jesse Moorland, civic leader and much more!". aaregistry.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  266. Wesley 1981, pp. 281,294,303,313
  267. Wesley 1981, pp. 149,154–155,165,238,276–277,307.338,346
  268. "Civil rights veterans join Martin Luther King Jr.'s fraternity; Alpha Phi Alpha holds initiation ceremony in Atlanta". Alpha Phi Alpha. 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
  269. "Wyatt Tee Walker Leader of SCLC". blackseek.com. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
  270. Wesley 1981, pp. 148,239
  271. "Alfred Bitini Xuma ANC President 1940-1949". anc.org.za. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  272. Wesley 1981, p. 277
  273. Rappaport, Scott (2006-03-20). "New book explores black activist's political odyssey". U.C. Santa Cruz. Currents. UC Santa Cruz Public Affairs Office. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  274. Kelly, John F. (2005-04-21). "Bridges Carry Bits of History Along With the Traffic". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
  275. Wesley 1981, p. 231
  276. "1980-1989 Lineage of Gamma Xi chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Gamma Xi chapter. Archived from the original on 2010-04-19. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  277. "Don Barksdale". hoopedia.nba.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  278. "Walt Bellamy". The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 84 (2): 51. Spring 1999.
  279. "Quinn Buckner, Cable TV Color Analyst". NBA Media Ventures. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  280. "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
  281. "Alpha Phi Alpha Athletes". Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2007-06-20. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
  282. "Alpha Men Leave A Legacy of Olympic Greatness". Alpha Phi Alpha. Archived from the original on 2013-09-08. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
  283. Brown, Tamara L.; Gregory Parks; Clarenda M. Phillips (2005). African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision (1st ed.). Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 256. ISBN 0-8131-2344-5. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
  284. Dean, Amy (2002-02-12). "Edward Gourdin: Olympic silver medalist, but a man of firsts". B.U. Bridge. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston University. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  285. "AE Lineage". Alpha Phi Alpha AE Chapter. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
  286. Sphinx Magazine Fall/Winter 2008 part 2 page 63
  287. Myers II, Michael J. (Fall–Winter 2008). "Alpha Athletes at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany". The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity and SJW Publishers. 93 (3–4). Retrieved January 13, 2010.
  288. Wesley 1981, pp. 231,481
  289. "Alpha Phi Alpha Member Manteo Mitchell Breaks His Leg in Olympic 4x400m Relay Race". Kollege Kid. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
  290. "Epsilon History". Alpha Phi Alpha Epsilon Chapter. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  291. "Who is Jesse Owens?". The Jesse Owens Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  292. "1996 USA Men's Olympic Team Head Coach". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  293. "Kevin Young: Always in the Trenches". hurdlesfirst.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  294. "Walt Bellamy". The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 84 (2): 51. Spring 1999.
  295. "The Lineage of Kappa Kappa". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Kappa Kappa chapter. Archived from the original on 2006-01-02. Retrieved 2008-01-20.
  296. "Basketball Midnight Madness Activities". Arizona Razorbacks Sports Network. KATV. 2004-10-08. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  297. Rodriguez, Codell (2011-02-02). "Wild About Walt". The Southern.Com. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  298. "An Alpha Man From Gotham". Retrieved 2015-06-25.
  299. King, Michael (2014-02-08). "Son Of Black Fives Era Pioneer "Dolly" King Shares Family Insights, Pride". Black Fives Foundation. Retrieved 2015-08-28.
  300. "Alpha Athletes Saluted". The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 95 (3): 20. Fall 2010.
  301. Loving, James (2003-07-23). "Karl Malone and Gary Payton Sign With Lakers". National Radio. Archived from the original on 2003-08-18. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  302. ""greeks" In The Nba". Pinoy Fraternity. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
  303. "Greeks In Pro Football 2010". Greeks in News. North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  304. "Mu Chapter Line History". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Mu chapter. Archived from the original on 2004-03-07. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  305. "Pro Football Hall of Fame–Bobby Bell". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  306. "Epsilon Chapter History". Alpha Phi Alpha, Epsilon chapter. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  307. "Ashe Scholar Committed to Serving Others". diverseeducation.com. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  308. "Notable MSU Brothers". Alpha Phi Alpha, Zeta Delta chapter. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  309. "NIC Greeks in Professional Football 2007". Greeks in Sports. North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
  310. "Brothers on the Move". The Sphinx. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 99 (1): 36. Spring 2013.
  311. "University Archives & Historical Collections". 1930s-1950s. MSU. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
  312. "Marco Coleman". Archived from the original on 2011-10-13. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
  313. "The History of the Pi Mu Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Pi Mu chapter. Archived from the original on 2005-03-22. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  314. "Alpha Mu Chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Alpha Mu chapter. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  315. "Greek News/Three Greeks Waiting To Hear Hall Of Fame News". North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
  316. "NIC Greeks in the American Football Hall of Fame". North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-11-27.
  317. "Mel Farr–biography". thehistorymakers.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-15. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  318. "Mike Farr–Fantasy Football Stats and Player Profile". fantasyplaymakers.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
  319. Mason, Herman (1999-06-10). "Brothers in the National Football League". Skips Historical Moments, Number 29. skipmason.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
  320. "Epsilon Chapter History". Alpha Phi Alpha, Epsilon chapter. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  321. "Kyle Fuller, Houston, Center". 247sports. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
  322. "Lineage of Theta Sigma chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Theta Sigma chapter. Archived from the original on January 1, 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  323. "Derrick Gaffney–Fantasy Football Stats & Player Profiles". fantasyplaymakers.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-06. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
  324. "Past Lines of Alpha Xi Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Alpha Xi chapter. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  325. "Seattle Seahawks–Nesby Glasgow". NFL.com. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  326. "Sammy Green Was There". beckys-place.com. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
  327. "Rosey Grier biography". nndb.com. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  328. "Sam Houston DL P.J. Hall Works Out for the Patriots". Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  329. "2010 ALL NIC Football". Greeks in News. North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2017-12-25.
  330. "List of Alpha Phi Alpha Brothers". Wikiproject. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
  331. "The 337th House of Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha, Zeta Zeta Chapter. 2010. Archived from the original on 2015-03-12. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
  332. "Prominent Brothers". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Delta Xi chapter. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  333. "5 Thing To Know About CB Michael Hunter". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  334. "Germain Ifedi 2016 NFL Draft Scouting Report". Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  335. "Mind Blog:Men are from Mars". Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  336. "Notable Brothers of Gamma Nu". Alpha Phi Alpha, Gamma Nu chapter. Archived from the original on 2017-12-23. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
  337. "The Demetrious Johnson Charitable Foundation holds first graduation for GED program". Archived from the original on 2013-09-05. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
  338. "Ron Johnson Succeeds Jon Hanson as NFF Chairman". collegefootball.org. 2006-04-17. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
  339. "Adapting to College Life". newpittsburghcourieronline.com. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
  340. "Lewis Kelly". nfl.com. Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  341. "Reggie Kelly". ReggieKelly.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  342. "Mark Lee". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  343. "Ronald More Video". OMV. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
  344. "Vincent newsome". baltimoreravens.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  345. "Roman Oben". buccaneers.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  346. "Greeks from NIC member fraternities highlighted in the news". Greeks in News. North American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 2007-07-24. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  347. Rossi, Bob (2005-10-09). "Bigger than Big Ben". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Tribune-Review. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  348. "The Sandy Stephens Story". sandystephens.org. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  349. Lewis, Jason (2011-02-09). "Black History Month: Pioneering Blacks in Professional Football". Los Angeles Sentinel. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  350. The Michigan Alumnus: His Fraternity Honors Billy Taylor. The University Of Michigan Libraries vol 77-78. 1970. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  351. Boyer, Lauren (2009-02-15). "We Play All Or None: Triplett, PSU helped change history". Centre Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  352. "Dear Northwestern Anthony Walker Jr". nusports.com. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
  353. "ICE OK Auburn Alphas". Alpha Phi Alpha, Omicron Kappa Chapter. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
  354. Lentz, Eddie (2004). "J. Mayo Williams". Hepstrack.com. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
  355. "Alpha Spotlight–Reggie Williams". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Theta Zeta chapter. Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  356. "Dartmouth's Reggie Williams Selected for College Football Hall of Fame". dartmouthsports.com. Dartmouth College. May 9, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  357. "Beta Omicron Alumni Association - BO Lineage". Beta Omicron Alumni Association. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
  358. "Earl Burl III". milb \accessdate=2018-6-10.
  359. Milojevic, Mica. "Gerald Harris, CSU wrestler, works hard on the mat and in life". The Cleveland Slater. Cleveland State University. Archived from the original on 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  360. "No Holds Barred: Gerald Harris". Outhink Media and Drupal. Archived from the original on 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
  361. "Eulace Peacock". The Afro American. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
  362. "Leadership and Service The Making and Remaking of Alpha Phi Alpha". 4 Suns Press. Retrieved 2017-12-25.
  363. Silverman, Ellie (July 27, 2017). "Officers who responded to shooting at Congressional baseball practice receive Medal of Valor". The Providence Journal. Retrieved 2017-08-01.
  364. Bennett, Abbie (June 14, 2017). "'Our Eagle hero': NCCU graduate exchanged gunfire, was injured in congressional shooting". The News & Observer. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  365. Grieve, Pete (June 15, 2017). "Injured Capitol Police officer throws out first pitch in emotional moment". CNN. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  366. "Secret Service puts 1st Negro Agent on White House Job". June 16, 1961. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  367. Sphinx Magazine, Spring, February 1932 volume 18 number 1 page 14 (listed in photo caption)
  368. Sphinx Magazine, Winter 2017/2018, volume 1 number 1 pages 50-55
  369. "Alpha Rho Chapter History". Alpha Rho Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  370. "Dr. James Alexander "Jimmy" "Sonny" Hood". Legacy. The Gadsen Times.
  371. "Henry McKee Minton, M.D". Thomas Jefferson University. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  372. Sphinx Magazine, Spring February 1961 volume 20 number 1 page 27

Further reading

  • Mason, Herman (1999). The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha (2nd ed.). Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
  • Wesley, Charles H. (1969). The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life (11th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Foundation.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wesley, Charles H. (1981). The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life (14th ed.). Chicago, IL: Foundation. ASIN: B000ESQ14W.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.