Elbow bump

The elbow bump is an informal greeting where two people touch elbows. Interest in this greeting was renewed during the avian flu scare of 2006, the 2009 swine flu pandemic, the Ebola outbreak of 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic when health officials supported its use as an alternative to hand-shaking to reduce the spread of germs.[1][2][3] During the latter pandemic, authorities advised that even an elbow bump was too risky, and suggested greeting from a distance.[4]

The commander of Operation United Assistance using an elbow bump greeting while combating Ebola in Liberia in 2014
Barack Obama bumping elbows with two General Services Administration workers in 2012
A stylish bump in 2008

Urban youth

The elbow bump as a greeting is sometimes assumed to be derived from the more well known fist bump, beginning in the 1980s. The earliest written record of the elbow bump by David Grimes[5] supports this hypothesis. More recently, Shaquille O'Neal demonstrated the derivative nature of the elbow bump in relation to the fist bump in 2004, when he dismissed Kobe Bryant's greeting with a half-hearted elbow bump.[6]

Popularity due to hygienic qualities

2006 avian flu outbreak

A recent advocate of the elbow bump is the World Health Organization. In 2006, due to fears of a possible avian flu pandemic, the WHO proposed using the elbow bump as a means of "keeping other people's cooties at arms length."[2] Michael Bell has been a principal advocate for using the elbow bump, noting that it can also help constrain the spread of diseases such as Ebola, by modeling social behavior that limits physical contact.[2][7]

2009 swine flu pandemic

The elbow bump got renewed interest when the 2009 swine flu pandemic in Mexico began growing into a worldwide pandemic. By 2009, the elbow bump had grown so large in popularity that people in Mexico had taken it upon themselves to utilize the elbow bump to reduce the spread of disease.[3] As in 2006, the elbow bump was supported by a number of health officials,[8] such as Sanjay Gupta, CNN's chief medical correspondent.[9]

2012–2013 seasonal influenza epidemic

The Manhattan Soccer Club endorsed the elbow bump as the safe alternative to hand-to-hand contact.

At this point the MSC Board and the coaching staff would recommend that players not shake/touch hands with opponents after the games. The safest thing to do is to touch elbows. The coach or manager can explain this to the other team prior to the game.[10]

Fall 2014 Ebola outbreak

In October 2014, an outbreak of the Ebola disease revived interest in the greeting.[11]

COVID-19 pandemic

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, health officials advised people to avoid physical contact with others, including handshaking; the elbow bump was suggested as an alternative.[12] At a March 2 press conference, U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams demonstrated the elbow bump to reporters, saying "We should probably rethink the handshake for a while."[13]

As the epidemic spread, the elbow bump was discouraged as advice was broadened to recommend physical distancing, such as staying at least 6 feet away from other people, as a way to lessen the risk of catching or spreading the disease.[14][4] The World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus advised that an elbow bump was too risky because it puts people too close to each other; he recommended using a non-contact greeting, such as putting one's hand on one's heart, from a separation distance of at least one meter.[4]

In culture

By 2009, the elbow bump was endorsed by university officials[15] and Nobel laureate Peter Agre.[16] The American Association for the Advancement of Science joined the World Health Organization in endorsing the elbow bump. However, some of these endorsements were meant as much to elicit good humor as for purposes of good hygiene.[15][17]

The word "elbow bump" was considered for Word of the Year in 2009 by the New Oxford American Dictionary.[18]

At the open-air service of the Greenbelt festival of 2009, worshipers were encouraged to greet each other with the 'elbow bump of peace' instead of the more usual 'holy kiss' during the Christian rite of peace, because of concerns over swine flu.[19]

Belgian designer duo MarcMarc launched an emoji for the 'elbow bump' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[20]

References
  1. Abbott, Eileen (2020-03-12). "Handshakes are declining thanks to coronavirus. Here's what's replacing them: From fist bumps to footshakes and even namaste, these gestures are on the rise". The Hill. Archived from the original on 2020-03-25. Retrieved 2020-03-16.
  2. McNeil, Jr., Donald G. (2006-02-12). "Elbows to the ready if outbreak emerges: Bird flu would rule out handshakes". International Herald Tribune: The Global Edition of the New York Times. New York, USA. Archived from the original on 2007-02-17. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  3. Gumbel, Andrew (2009-04-30). Written at San Diego-Tijuana. "Swine flu forces border crossers to swap handshakes for elbow bumps: Tourist traffic in Tijuana is down but touch-conscious commuters get on with life". The Guardian. Manchester, England. Archived from the original on 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  4. Fourcade, Marthe; Mulier, Thomas (2002-03-07). "Even Elbow-Bumping Is Too Intimate to Ward Off Coronavirus". Bloomberg News. Prognosis. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  5. Grimes, David (1991-11-20). "Goodbye, comrade; yo, dude". The Globe and Mail.
  6. Elmore, Charles (2004-12-26). "After big buildup, ABC delivers winning show". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  7. McNeil, Jr., Donald G. (2006-02-12). "Greetings Kill: Primer for a Pandemic". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  8. Castillo, Alfonso A. (2009-05-03). "Swine flu virus puts handshakes on hiatus". Lubbock Online. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  9. Wong, Grace (2009-05-01). "Flu virus sparks 'social distancing' trend". CNN Health. London, England. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  10. Smith, Cameron (2013-01-15). "New York youth soccer club bans high fives and handshakes amid growing flu scare". Yahoo! Sports. Archived from the original on 2020-03-28. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  11. Silver, Marc (2018-02-03). "The Liberian Elbow Bump Is Your Good Friend During Flu Season". Goats and Soda - Stories of Live In A Changing World. NPR. Archived from the original on 2020-03-28. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  12. Champion, Matthew; Brown, Hayes (2020-03-06). "What Should We Replace Handshakes With In An Era Of Coronavirus? The coronavirus is killing the handshake industry". Buzzfeed News. Archived from the original on 2020-03-25. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  13. Rodriguez, Adrianna (2020-03-04). "Goodbye, handshake. Hello, elbow bump? Greetings to avoid during the coronavirus outbreak". USA Today. Archived from the original on 2020-03-17. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  14. Lockerd Maragakis, Lisa. "Coronavirus, Social Distancing and Self-Quarantine". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Archived from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  15. Cohen, Judi S. (2009-05-05). "Swine flu fears: Handshakes noticeably absent from many college graduations: Some colleges suggest elbow bumps, air high-fives". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  16. Mooney, Chris (2009-05-02). "Coping With Swine Flu Phobia at AAAS". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-03-19. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  17. Noyes, Andrew (2009-05-01). "Friday Funny: Anti-Swine Flu Handshake". National Journal. Archived from the original on 2009-05-06. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  18. Bogo, Jennifer (2007-12-05). "'Carbon Neutral' edges 'Elbow Bump' for Word of the Year". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  19. Taylor, Simon (2009-09-01). "Greenbelt 2009 report". Simon says…. Archived from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2020-03-26
  20. op-den-Berg, Heist (2020-03-24). "Designer duo launches elbow emoji as a symbol of covenant …". MbS News. Archived from the original on 2020-03-25. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
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