Edward C. Eicher

Edward Clayton Eicher (December 16, 1878 – November 30, 1944) was a United States Representative from Iowa, federal securities regulator and Chief Justice of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. He was considered a consummate New Deal liberal.

Edward C. Eicher
Chief Justice of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia
In office January 23, 1942 – November 30, 1944
Appointed by	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	Alfred Adams Wheat
Succeeded by	Bolitha James Laws
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 1st district
In office March 4, 1933 – December 2, 1938
Preceded by	William F. Kopp
Succeeded by	Thomas E. Martin
Personal details
Born	Edward Clayton Eicher (1878-12-16)December 16, 1878 Noble, Iowa
Died	November 30, 1944(1944-11-30) (aged 65) Alexandria, Virginia
Resting place	Woodlawn Cemetery Washington, Iowa
Political party	Democratic
Education	University of Chicago (Ph.B.) University of Chicago Law School

Education and career

Eicher was born on a farm near the unincorporated town of Noble in Washington County, Iowa. His father Benjamin Eicher was a Mennonite bishop.[1] His older brother, H. M. Eicher, was an assistant district attorney during the administration of President Grover Cleveland.[1] Eicher attended public schools, Washington Academy in Washington, Iowa, and Morgan Park Academy in Morgan Park, Chicago, Illinois.[2] In 1904 he graduated from the University of Chicago with a Bachelor of Philosophy degree.[2] He studied law at the University of Chicago Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1906 and briefly practiced in Washington, Iowa. He returned to the University of Chicago to serve as its assistant registrar. In 1909, he returned to Burlington, Iowa and served as an assistant attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad until 1918.[1] In 1918, he resumed private practice as a partner in Livingston and Eicher in Washington, Iowa.[2]

Congress

Eicher was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1932. In 1932, Eicher was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Iowa's 1st congressional district. Twice re-elected, he served from March 4, 1933, until December 2, 1938. He had withdrawn from the 1938 race for the Democratic nomination for his own seat.[3] When his congressional career ended, Time magazine described him as "a wheelhorse in a pasture of mavericks," explaining that "he worked on the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, defended the Court Plan, was the most ardent New Dealer among the Monopoly Investigation Committee's Congressmen."[4]

Securities and Exchange Commission service

As his final congressional term ended, Roosevelt appointed Eicher to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.[5] He was a member of the SEC from 1938 to 1942, serving as its Chairman between 1941 and 1942.[2]

Federal judicial service

New Dealers inside the Roosevelt Administration supported Eicher's wish to be chosen to fill one of two new seats on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, but Iowa Senator Guy M. Gillette, who resented Eicher and Roosevelt for their unsuccessful efforts to purge him from Congress in 1938,[6] stood in the way.[7] Instead, no Iowan received either judgeship.[8]

Eicher was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on December 30, 1941, to the Chief Justice seat on the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia (now the United States District Court for the District of Columbia) vacated by Judge Alfred Adams Wheat.[9][5] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 20, 1942, and received his commission on January 23, 1942.[5] His service terminated on November 30, 1944, due to his death.[5]

Sedition trial and death

Eicher died of a heart attack in Alexandria, Virginia, at age 65.[10] At the time of his death, Eicher had presided for over seven months at the trial of 30 suspected Axis conspirators and sympathizers. Time magazine characterized the trial as "biggest and noisiest sedition trial in United States history," and reported that "no one in Washington doubted that a ludicrously undignified trial had hastened the death of a scrupulously dignified judge."[11] Eicher's death caused a mistrial.[11] After the war ended, the government chose not to prosecute again, and Judge Bolitha James Laws dismissed the charges against the defendants.[12] He was interred in Woodlawn Cemetery in Washington, Iowa.[2]

References

1. "H.M. Eicher, 61, dies suddenly," Waterloo Daily Courier, July 29, 1919, at 3.
2. United States Congress. "Edward C. Eicher (id: E000094)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
3. "Gaffney Nominated to Run for Congress," Muscatine Journal, 1938-07-21, at 1.
4. "Liberal Wheelhorse,' Time Magazine, December 12, 1938.
5. Edward Clayton Eicher at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
6. "Eicher for Wearin," Waterloo Daily Courier, 1938-05-28, at 1.
7. "SEC seat warming," Time Magazine, April 21, 1941.
8. "History of the Eighth Circuit: a Bicentennial Project," 58-61 (Judicial Conference of the United States Bicentennial Committee 1976).
9. Storm at SEC, Time Magazine, January 26, 1942.
10. Barkley, Frederick R. (December 1, 1944). "Death of Justice Halts Mass Trial" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
11. "Trial's End," Time Magazine, December 11, 1944.
12. Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 274. ISBN 0-393-05880-8.

External links

• United States Congress. "Edward C. Eicher (id: E000094)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Edward Clayton Eicher at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by William F. Kopp	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 1st congressional district 1933–1938	Succeeded by Thomas E. Martin
Government offices
Preceded by Jerome Frank	Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman 1941–1942	Succeeded by Ganson Purcell
Legal offices
Preceded by Alfred Adams Wheat	Chief Justice of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia 1942–1944	Succeeded by Bolitha James Laws