Dera language

Dera (Dra, Dla) AKA Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. In Papua New Guinea, it is primarily spoken in Kamberataro village (3.611948°S 141.05719°E / -3.611948; 141.05719 (Kamberatoro)), Amanab Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.[3][4]

Dera
Native toIndonesia, Papua New Guinea
RegionPapua: Keerom Regency, 13 villages
Native speakers
(1,700 cited 1987 in Indonesia, PNG undated)[1]
Senagi
  • Dera
Language codes
ISO 639-3kbv
Glottologdera1245[2]
Coordinates: 3.611948°S 141.05719°E / -3.611948; 141.05719 (Kamberatoro)

Dialects

There are two dialects, namely Dla proper and Menggwa Dla. Dla proper is spoken in the three main villages of Kamberatoro Mission (3°36′S 141°03′E; 1299 feet) in Papua New Guinea, Amgotro Mission (3°38′S 140°58′E; 1969 feet) in West Papua, and Komando village in West Papua. Komando village was formerly a Dutch border post. Other Dla proper speaking villages in Papua New Guinea are Tamarbek (3.591701°S 141.055114°E / -3.591701; 141.055114 (Tamarbek)), Akamari (3.597044°S 141.059233°E / -3.597044; 141.059233 (Akimari 1)), New Kamberatoro; Old Kamberatoro, ‘Border Village’, Nimberatoro (3.625973°S 141.042369°E / -3.625973; 141.042369 (Nimberatoro)), Nindebai (3.64111°S 141.006033°E / -3.64111; 141.006033 (Nindebai)), Mamamora (3.653793°S 141.020182°E / -3.653793; 141.020182 (Mamamura)), Yamamainda (3.669519°S 141.033445°E / -3.669519; 141.033445 (Yamamainda)), Orkwanda (3.647337°S 141.081231°E / -3.647337; 141.081231 (Orkwanda)), and Lihen (3.623834°S 141.117364°E / -3.623834; 141.117364 (Lihen)). West Papua, Indonesia has the Dla villages of Amgotro, Komando, Indangan, Mongwefi, Buku, and Agrinda, which are mostly located in Yaffi District, Keerom Regency.[5]

Menggwa Dla, the less populous of the two dialects, is spoken in five villages located between Kamberatoro Mission and Komando village, which are Menggau, Wahai (3.580863°S 141.029277°E / -3.580863; 141.029277 (Wahai)), Ambofahwa (alternatively known as Wahai Nº 2), Wanggurinda (3.580396°S 141.028671°E / -3.580396; 141.028671 (Wagurinda); 3°34′59″S, 141°01′41″E) in Papua New Guinea, and Menggwal (3°33′53″S, 140°59′04″E) in West Papua.[5]

Status

Dla (Dera) speakers are shifting to Tok Pisin and Papuan Malay. De Sousa (2006) reports that the younger generation born in the 1990s or later usually cannot speak Dera fluently, whereas the older generation remains fluent.[5]

Phonology

Dera has 14 consonants (4 less than Angor), which are:[6]

ptk
bdɡ
ɸsx
mn
r
wj

Dera has 5 vowels (2 less than Angor), which are:[6]

iu
eo
a

References
  1. Dera at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Dera (Indonesia)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
  4. United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
  5. de Sousa, Hilário (2006). The Menggwa Dla language of New Guinea (Doctoral dissertation). University of Sydney.
  6. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
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