Nukuma languages

The Nukuma languages are a small family of three clearly related languages:[2]

• Kwoma
• Kwanga–Mende
  • Kwanga
  • Seim.

Nukuma
Ma
Geographic distribution	East Sepik Province, in the Sepik River basin of Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification	Sepik Middle Sepik Nukuma
Glottolog	nuku1256[1]

They are generally classified among the Sepik languages of northern Papua New Guinea; Malcolm Ross places them in a Middle Sepik branch of that family.

They are spoken to the north of the Sepik River near Ambunti, and west of the Ambulas-speaking region of Mapr (near Wosera town).[3]

Pronouns

Pronouns in Nukuma languages:[3]

pronoun	Kwoma	Mende
1sg	an	an ~ na ~ a
2sg.m	mɨ	mi
2sg.f	ni	ɲi
3sg.m	rɨ	or ~ ri
3sg.f	sɨ	os ~ si
1du	si	ʃi
2du	ki	ʃi
3du	pɨr	fri
1pl	no	ni
2pl	kwo	ci
3pl	ye	li

See also

• Kwoma people

References

1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Nukuma". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
2. Ma, New Guinea World
3. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

• Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.