Climate of Gibraltar

The climate of Gibraltar is Mediterranean/Subtropical with mild winters and warm summers. Gibraltar has two main prevailing winds, an easterly one known as the Levante coming from the Sahara in Africa which brings humid weather and warmer sea currents and the other as Poniente which is westerly and brings fresher air and colder sea. Its terrain consists of the 430-metre (1,411 ft)[1] high Rock of Gibraltar and the narrow coastal lowland surrounding it. Rain occurs mainly in winter; the summers are generally dry.

Average morning relative humidity: 82%, evening relative humidity: 64%.[2] Sunshine hours are up to 2,778 per year, from 150 in November (~5 hours of sunshine per day) to 341 in July (~11 hours of sunshine per day).[3]

Temperature

Its average annual temperature is 18 °C (64 °F): 21 °C (70 °F) during the day and 15 °C (59 °F) at night. In the coldest month - January - the typical temperature ranges from 11–18 °C (52–64 °F) during the day and 9–14 °C (48–57 °F) at night (sometimes above and below these temperatures). The average sea temperature is 15–16 °C (59–61 °F). In the warmest month - August - the typical temperature ranges from 25–31 °C (77–88 °F) during the day, above 20 °C (68 °F) at night, and the average sea temperature is 22 °C (72 °F). Average number of days above 21 °C (70 °F) is 181, average number of days above 32 °C (90 °F) is 5-6 (2 in July, 3 in August). The highest temperature ever recorded was 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on 5 July 1994 while the lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) on 13 January 1978.[4]


Climate data for Gibraltar (extremes 1852–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 24.0
(75.2)		 24.1
(75.4)		 30.3
(86.5)		 32.0
(89.6)		 33.2
(91.8)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.6
(105.1)		 40.2
(104.4)		 33.7
(92.7)		 33.7
(92.7)		 29.6
(85.3)		 25.0
(77.0)		 40.6
(105.1)
Average high °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3)		 16.6
(61.9)		 18.4
(65.1)		 20.0
(68.0)		 22.6
(72.7)		 25.4
(77.7)		 28.1
(82.6)		 28.6
(83.5)		 26.3
(79.3)		 22.9
(73.2)		 19.1
(66.4)		 16.6
(61.9)		 21.7
(71.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.4
(56.1)		 13.8
(56.8)		 15.0
(59.0)		 16.2
(61.2)		 18.5
(65.3)		 21.1
(70.0)		 23.7
(74.7)		 24.2
(75.6)		 22.8
(73.0)		 19.5
(67.1)		 16.1
(61.0)		 14.1
(57.4)		 18.2
(64.8)
Average low °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4)		 10.7
(51.3)		 12.3
(54.1)		 13.4
(56.1)		 15.4
(59.7)		 18.0
(64.4)		 20.1
(68.2)		 20.8
(69.4)		 19.4
(66.9)		 16.9
(62.4)		 13.9
(57.0)		 11.4
(52.5)		 15.2
(59.4)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0)		 0.6
(33.1)		 2.0
(35.6)		 0.0
(32.0)		 9.0
(48.2)		 9.0
(48.2)		 14.4
(57.9)		 13.9
(57.0)		 12.3
(54.1)		 9.0
(48.2)		 5.7
(42.3)		 0.8
(33.4)		 0.0
(32.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 121
(4.8)		 100
(3.9)		 75
(3.0)		 60
(2.4)		 35
(1.4)		 11
(0.4)		 1
(0.0)		 6
(0.2)		 15
(0.6)		 64
(2.5)		 141
(5.6)		 146
(5.7)		 775
(30.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8 8 7 7 3 2 0 0 2 5 7 9 60
Average relative humidity (%) 78 75 73 72 69 71 69 71 75 77 77 76 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 147 143 204 233 289 319 326 309 240 197 135 134 2,676
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990, and February, July and August record low only)[5][6][lower-alpha 1]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[4]

Temperature of sea
Temperature of sea, according to weather2travel.com:[7]
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
16 °C (61 °F) 15 °C (59 °F) 16 °C (61 °F) 16 °C (61 °F) 17 °C (63 °F) 19 °C (66 °F) 22 °C (72 °F) 22 °C (72 °F) 22 °C (72 °F) 20 °C (68 °F) 18 °C (64 °F) 17 °C (63 °F) 18.4 °C (65.1 °F)
Average sea temperature, according to seatemperature.org:[8]
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
16.3 °C (61.3 °F) 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) 15.7 °C (60.3 °F) 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) 21.0 °C (69.8 °F) 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) 23.3 °C (73.9 °F) 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) 19.0 °C (66.2 °F)

See also

Notes
  1. Station ID for Gibraltar is 08495 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration

References
  1. Gibraltar.gov.uk Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gibraltar
  3. "Weather2Travel.com: Gibraltar Climate Guide".
  4. "Station Gibraltar" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
  5. "Klimatafel von Gibraltar / Großbritannien" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  6. "Station 08495 Gibraltar". Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  7. Gibraltar Climate - weather2travel.com
  8. Gibraltar average sea temperature - seatemperature.org
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