Barbara Lee

Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16, 1946) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for California's 13th congressional district. Now in her 12th congressional term, Lee has served since 1998, and is a member of the Democratic Party. The district, numbered as the 9th district from 1998 to 2013, is based in Oakland and covers most of the northern part of Alameda County.

For other people named Barbara Lee, see Barbara Lee (disambiguation).

Barbara Lee
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California
Assumed office
April 21, 1998
Preceded byRon Dellums
Constituency9th district (1998–2013)
13th district (2013–present)
Member of the California Senate
from the 9th district
In office
December 1996 – April 1998
Preceded byNicholas Petris
Succeeded byDon Perata
Member of the California State Assembly
from the 16th district
13th district (1990–1992)
In office
December 3, 1990 – November 30, 1996
Preceded byElihu Harris
Succeeded byDon Perata
Personal details
Born
Barbara Jean Tutt

(1946-07-16) July 16, 1946
El Paso, Texas, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
Clyde Oden
(
m. 2019)
Children2
EducationMills College (BA)
University of California, Berkeley (MSW)
WebsiteHouse website

Lee is a former Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus (2009–2011) and the current whip and former co-Chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus (2005–2009).[1] She is the Vice Chair and a founding member of the LGBT Equality Caucus.[1] Lee has played a major role in the antiwar movement, notable for her vocal criticism of the Iraq War and for being the only member of Congress to vote against the authorization of use of force following the September 11 attacks.[2][3]

Early life and education

Lee was born Barbara Jean Tutt in El Paso, Texas, the daughter of Mildred Adaire (née Parish) and Garvin Alexander Tutt, a lieutenant colonel.[4] Lee is African-American, and according to a DNA analysis, she descends primarily from the people of Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone.[5][6] She moved from Texas to California in 1960 with her military family parents, and attended San Fernando High School in the Pacoima neighborhood of Los Angeles.[7] Lee was a young single mother of two receiving public assistance when she began attending Mills College.[8] She received an MSW from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1975.[9]

Political career

As president of the Mills College Black Student Union, Lee invited Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm to speak on campus and went on to work on Chisolm's 1972 presidential campaign, serving as her delegate at the 1972 Democratic National Convention.[10] Also as a student, she was a volunteer at the Oakland chapter of the Black Panther Party's Community Learning Center and worked on Panther co-founder Bobby Seale's 1973 Oakland mayoral campaign.[11]

Lee was a staff member for U.S. Representative Ron Dellums as well as a member of the California State Assembly and the California State Senate before entering the U.S. House of Representatives. She was elected to Congress in a special election with 66% of the vote. She won the seat in her own right later that year with 82.8% of the vote, and has been reelected nine more times with no substantive opposition in what has long been one of the most Democratic districts in the nation. It presently has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+40, making it the most Democratic district in California and the fourth-most Democratic in the nation. The district and its predecessors have been in Democratic hands without interruption since 1959.

Lee endorsed Senator Barack Obama for president in the 2008 Democratic primary.[12]

Lee's voting record as a member of the House was ranked by the National Journal in 2007, based on roll-call votes on economic, social and foreign policy issues in 2006. Lee scored an overall 84.3%, meaning she voted with a more liberal stance than 84.3% of the House. National Journal scored Lee as voting 82% liberal on economic issues, 92% liberal on social issues, and 65% liberal on foreign policy. The 92% rating on social issues came from Lee being grouped with 35 other House legislators who all tied for the highest, most liberal ranking.[13] Lee received a 97% progressive rating from "The Progressive Punch",[14] and a 4% conservative rating from the American Conservative Union.[15] In 2016, GovTrack's 2015 Report Card on members in Congress ranked Lee the 3rd most progressive member of the House.[16]

AUMF opposition

Lee gained national attention in 2001 as the only member of congress to vote "No" on the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF), stating that she voted no not because she opposed military action but because she believed the AUMF, as written, granted overly-broad powers to wage war to the president at a time when the facts regarding the situation were not yet clear. She "warned her colleagues to be 'careful not to embark on an open-ended war with neither an exit strategy nor a focused target.'"[17]

Lee explained,

"It was a blank check to the president to attack anyone involved in the September 11 events—anywhere, in any country, without regard to our nation's long-term foreign policy, economic and national security interests, and without time limit. In granting these overly broad powers, the Congress failed its responsibility to understand the dimensions of its declaration. I could not support such a grant of war-making authority to the president; I believe it would put more innocent lives at risk. The president has the constitutional authority to protect the nation from further attack, and he has mobilized the armed forces to do just that. The Congress should have waited for the facts to be presented and then acted with fuller knowledge of the consequences of our action."[18]

This vote made nationwide news reports and brought about a large and extremely polarized response, with the volume of calls gridlocking the switchboard of her Capitol Hill office. Although it appears to have reflected the beliefs of the majority of her constituents, the majority of responses from elsewhere in the nation were angry and hostile, some referring to her as "communist" and "traitor". Many of the responses included death threats against her or her family to the point that the Capitol Police provided round-the-clock plainclothes bodyguards.[18] She was also criticized by politicians and in editorial pages of conservative-leaning newspapers, e.g. John Fund's column in The Wall Street Journal.[19] She was awarded the Seán MacBride Peace Prize by the International Peace Bureau in 2002 for that vote.

In her speech, she quoted the Rev. Nathan D. Baxter, dean of National Cathedral: "As we act, let us not become the evil that we deplore."[20]

On June 29, 2017, the House Appropriations Committee approved Rep. Barbara Lee's amendment to repeal the 2001 authorization for the use of military force that was the foundation of the U.S.'s post-September 11 military actions. The amendment, if passed, would have required that the 2001 authorization for the use of military force be scrapped within 240 days.[21] Lee has initiated several attempts to repeal the authorization, but as of 2020 has not been successful.

Other foreign policy views

Although Lee is considered a liberal Democrat, she has occasionally split with members of her own party throughout her congressional career, especially on foreign policy matters. She voted in favor of limiting military operations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, against authorizing air strikes, and in favor of a Republican-backed plan to completely withdraw U.S. troops from the operation, all in 1999.[22] Lee voted against the Iraq War Resolution in 2002.[23][24][25] Lee was one of only 46 Democrats to vote for the Online Freedom of Speech Act of 2005.[26] Lee was one of only 13 Democrats to vote against an emergency supplemental appropriations bill in 2007 which, among other things, funded the war in Iraq but required withdrawal of U.S. forces to begin by October 1.[27] However, Lee voted in favor of overriding President Bush's veto of the measure on May 2.[28] On November 2009 Lee was one of 36 representatives to vote "nay" on House Resolution 867, which condemned the UN's Goldstone Report.[29] Lee voted to withdraw troops from Afghanistan in 2010 and 2011.[30][31] Lee also voted in favor of similar resolutions involving troop withdrawal from Pakistan and, most recently, Libya.[32][33] Lee also joined her Republican colleagues, one of 70 Democrats to do so, in voting against a resolution to authorize limited use of force in Libya.[34] Lee was also one of only 36 Democrats to vote in favor of limiting funds appropriated for military operations in Libya.[35]

In an August 2017 interview, Lee said of President Trump's comments on North Korea, "His saber-rattling is putting the world at risk. The United States should be the grown-up in the room", and that his rhetoric reminded her of news about the Cuban Missile Crisis during mid-teens, adding, "the words of war weren’t as profound and dangerous and scary [then] as they are now."[36]

In September 2018, Lee was one of 11 Democratic representatives to sign a statement announcing their intent "to introduce a new, privileged resolution in September invoking the War Powers Resolution of 1973 to withdraw U.S. Armed Forces from engaging in the Saudi-led coalition’s conflict with the Houthis should additional escalations continue and progress fail to be made towards a peace agreement."[37]

In April 2019, after the House passed the resolution withdrawing American support for the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen, Lee was one of nine lawmakers to sign a letter to Trump requesting a meeting with him and urging him to sign "Senate Joint Resolution 7, which invokes the War Powers Act of 1973 to end unauthorized US military participation in the Saudi-led coalition's armed conflict against Yemen's Houthi forces, initiated in 2015 by the Obama administration." They asserted the "Saudi-led coalition's imposition of an air-land-and-sea blockade as part of its war against Yemen’s Houthis has continued to prevent the unimpeded distribution of these vital commodities, contributing to the suffering and death of vast numbers of civilians throughout the country" and that Trump's approval of the resolution would send a "powerful signal to the Saudi-led coalition to bring the four-year-old war to a close".[38]

In July 2019, Lee voted against a House resolution condemning the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel. The resolution passed 398-17.[39]

Other positions

Gun control

Lee is a strong advocate for legislation restricting the availability of guns. She participated in the 2016 sit-in against gun violence in the House of Representatives. Democratic members of Congress adopted the slogan "No Bill, No Break" in an attempt to push the introduction of legislation increasing restrictions on guns.

In a statement on the sit-in, Lee said,

"Time and again, House Republicans have blocked our ability to keep Americans safe by preventing us from passing common sense gun reforms, including closing a glaring loophole that allows suspected terrorists to purchase weapons of war. These weapons of war, some of which can fire 900 rounds per minute, have no place on America's streets. We simply cannot allow this insanity. My constituents and people from all over the nation have been demanding action, but they are being ignored by the House's Republican leadership. Too many people have already been lost to senseless gun violence. Enough is enough; Congress must act to protect the lives of Americans".[40]

Barbara Lee meets with NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and the STS-129 space shuttle crew

Environment

Lee introduced the Women and Climate Change Act in February 2018. The bill aims to create a Federal Interagency Working Group on Women and Climate Change.[41] Lee said of the Act, "Climate change is already impacting communities around the world with a disproportionate effect on the world's poorest residents. Women make up the majority of the world's poor and are especially vulnerable to abrupt changes in the environment. As leaders in their families, women are called upon to find food and clean water, secure safe housing, and care for loved ones. As climate change worsens, provoking historic droughts, rising sea levels and violent storms, women and girls will bear the brunt of this global crisis".[42]

Education

Lee is the author of the Shirley A. Chisholm United States-Caribbean Educational Exchange Act, which would enhance U.S. foreign relations with CARICOM nations. This act directs the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to develop a comprehensive program that extends and expands existing primary and secondary school initiatives in the Caribbean to provide teacher training methods and increased community involvement in school activities.[43] The bill is named for former Representative Shirley Chisholm, who helped inspire Lee to become involved in politics when Chisholm ran for the Democratic nomination for president; Lee was the Chisholm campaign's Northern California Chair.

Black Panthers

In 1968, Lee began volunteering at the Black Panther Party's Community Learning Center in Oakland, California.[44] Lee also worked on Bobby Seale's 1973 campaign for mayor in Oakland.

Lee disagreed with the National Park Service removing funding for a Black Panther Legacy Project in 2017. The Representative released a statement saying, "It is outrageous that the National Park Service has stripped resources from the Black Panther Party Research, Interpretation & Memory Project. The Black Panther Party was an integral part of the civil rights movement and the public has a right to know their history. I call upon the National Park Service and the Department of Interior to provide a full explanation as to why these critical federal resources have been taken away".[45]

Cannabis

Lee has supported efforts to reform cannabis laws in Congress. In 2018 she introduced the Marijuana Justice Act to: (a) remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act; (b) penalize states that enforce cannabis laws disproportionately (regarding race or income status); and (c) implement other social justice-related reforms.[46] Additional legislation Lee has introduced includes the States' Medical Marijuana Property Rights Protection Act,[47] Veterans Medical Marijuana Safe Harbor Act,[48] Restraining Excessive Federal Enforcement & Regulations of Cannabis (REFER) Act,[49] and the Realizing Equitable & Sustainable Participation in Emerging Cannabis Trades (RESPECT) Resolution.[49] Lee was an original cosponsor of the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act when it was first introduced in 2011 (and has cosponsored subsequent introductions of the bill).[50] In January 2019 Lee was named a co-chair of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus.[51]

Barbara Lee meets with Barack Obama

Defense budget

Lee called for a 10% cut to the military budget of the United States.[52] She backed an amendment to reduce the size of the $740 billion National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, but it was rejected by a majority of Democrats and Republicans.[53]

Housing

Lee has made affordable housing in the East Bay area and beyond a top priority. She has supported and backed legislation meant to expand home ownership opportunities, improve public housing quality, and assist the homeless.[54]

Health care

Lee was strongly critical of the Stupak-Pitts Amendment, which places restrictions on health insurance plans providing coverage for abortions in the context of the Affordable Health Care for America Act.[55] Lee supports Medicare For All.[56]

Economic

On September 29, 2008, Lee was one of 95 Democrats to vote against the defeated Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.[57] She voted for a modified version on October 3.[58]

Presidential election recount
See also: 2004 United States election voting controversies § Objection to certification of Ohio's electoral votes

Lee was one of 31 Representatives who voted not to accept the electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election.[59]

Death penalty

Lee's opposition to the death penalty was recognized in 2002 by Death Penalty Focus, which gave her the Mario Cuomo Act of Courage Award.[60]

Louis Farrakhan

In March 2018 Lee said, “I unequivocally condemn Minister Farrakhan’s anti-Semitic and hateful comments.”[61]

2018 bid to become Chair of House Democratic Caucus

On November 28, 2018, Lee lost an attempt to become Chair of the House Democratic Caucus to New York Representative Hakeem Jeffries.[62] Lee blamed ageism and sexism for her defeat.[63]

Co-Chair of Steering and Policy Committee

On November 30, 2018, House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi announced that she had recommended Lee to become one of three co-chairs of the Steering and Policy Committee[64][65] alongside Reps. Rosa DeLauro (D-Conn.) and Eric Swalwell (D-Calif.).[64][65] The change was approved on December 11, 2018.[66]

Committee assignments
Committee assignments
115th Congress (2017–19)[67]

Caucuses

On March 15, 2013, Lee announced the official relaunch of the Congressional Social Work Caucus to the 113th Congress as its new chairwoman.[75]

Lee was Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus from 2008 to 2010.[1]

United Nations
  • 68th and 70th General Assemblies (United States Representative)[1]

Personal life
Lee with Rev. Dr. Clyde Oden Jr. on their wedding day December 31, 2019.

In 2002, the Peace Abbey in Boston gave Lee the Courage of Conscience Award for her courage to stand alone and vote against the call to war after the September 11 attacks.[76] In her speech she said, "let us not become the evil that we deplore."[77]

In 2003, she was recognized as a Woman of Peace at the Global Exchange Human Rights Awards in San Francisco with Bianca Jagger, Arundhati Roy and Kathy Kelly.[78] In 2010, Lee took the food stamp challenge and also appeared in the documentary film Food Stamped.[78]

In 2014, Lee, Hill Harper, and Meagan Good contributed to Enitan Bereola II's bestselling book Gentlewoman: Etiquette for a Lady, from a Gentleman.[79]

Lee has two sons, Tony and Craig, both of whom work in the insurance industry. Tony Lee is the CEO of Dickerson Employee Benefits, one of the nation's largest African-American owned insurance brokerage/consulting firms. Craig Lee is a long term senior executive at State Farm.[78]

Lee married pastor Clyde Oden Jr. on December 31, 2019.[80]

Electoral history

In 2014, Lee received endorsements from the California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO, Feminist Majority Political Action Committee, J Street PAC, NARAL Pro-Choice America, Sierra Club, and United Auto Workers.[81]

California 13th Assembly District Democratic Primary Election, 1990
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 28,809 73.32
Democratic Aleta Cannon 7,698 19.59
Democratic Aubrey LaBrie 2,787 7.09
Total votes 39,294 100.00
California 13th Assembly District Election, 1990
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 52,860 79.44
Republican Barbara Thomas 13,682 20.56
Total votes 66,542 100.00
California 16th Assembly District Election, 1992
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 90,432 74.49
Republican David Anderson 24,324 20.04
Peace and Freedom Emma Wong Mar 6,643 5.47
Total votes 121,399 100.00
California 16th Assembly District Election, 1994
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 68,197 81.03
Republican Andre-Tanatha Ham-Lamme 15,966 18.97
Total votes 84,163 100.00
1998 (Special) List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives in California[82]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 33,497 66.81
Democratic Greg Harper 8,048 16.05
Republican Claiborne Sanders 6,114 12.19
Democratic Randal Stewart 2,481 4.95
Total votes 50,140 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
California's 9th Congressional District Democratic Primary Election, 1998
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 87,389 82.21
Democratic Greg Harper 13,103 12.33
Democratic Randal Stewart 5,812 5.47
Total votes 106,304 100.00
1998 United States House of Representatives elections[83]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 140,722 82.8
Republican Claiborne "Clay" Sanders 22,431 13.2
Peace and Freedom Gerald Sanders 4,767 2.8
Natural Law Walter Ruehlig 1,975 1.2
Total votes 169,895 100
Turnout  
Democratic hold
2000 United States House of Representatives elections[84]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 182,352 85.0
Republican Arneze Washington 21,033 9.8
Libertarian Fred E. Foldvary 7,051 3.3
Natural Law Ellen Jefferds 4,214 1.9
Total votes 214,650 100
Turnout  
Democratic hold
California's 9th Congressional District Democratic Primary Election, 2002
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 68,550 84.90
Democratic Kevin Greene 12,257 15.10
Total votes 80,807 100.00
2002 United States House of Representatives elections[85]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 135,893 81.5
Republican Jerald Udinsky 25,333 15.1
Libertarian James M. Eyer 5,685 3.4
Independent Hector Reyna (write-in) 6 0.0
Total votes 166,917 100
Turnout  
Democratic hold
2004 United States House of Representatives elections[86]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 215,630 84.6
Republican Claudia Bermudez 31,278 12.3
Libertarian Jim Eyer 8,131 3.1
Total votes 255,039 100
Turnout  
Democratic hold
2006 United States House of Representatives elections[87]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 167,245 86.4
Republican John "J.D." denDulk 20,786 10.7
Libertarian James Eyer 5,655 2.9
Total votes 193,686 100
Turnout  
Democratic hold
California's 9th Congressional District Democratic Primary Election, 2008
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 80,466 100.0
Democratic/Write-in Brad Newsham 79 0.0
Total votes 80,545 100.0
2008 United States House of Representatives elections[88]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 238,915 86.1
Republican Charles Hargrave 26,917 9.7
Libertarian James M. Eyer 11,704 4.2
Green David Heller (write-in) 37 0.0
Republican Christopher Kula (write-in) 27 0.0
Total votes 277,600 100
Turnout  
Democratic hold
2010 United States House of Representatives elections[89]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 180,400 84.27
Republican Gerald Hashimito 23,054 10.77
Green Dave Heller 4,848 2.27
Libertarian James M. Eyer 4,113 1.92
Peace and Freedom Larry Allen 1,670 0.78
Total votes 214,085 100.0
Turnout  
Democratic hold
California's 13th Congressional District Primary Election, 2012
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 94,709 83.1
No party preference Marilyn Singleton 13,502 11.2
Democratic Justin Jelincic 5,741 5.0
Total votes 113,952 100.0
2012 United States House of Representatives elections[90]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 250,436 86.8
No party preference Marilyn Singleton 38,146 13.2
Total votes 288,582 100.0
Turnout  
Democratic hold
California's 13th Congressional District Primary Election, 2014
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 77,461 82.6
Republican Dakin Sundeen 9,533 10.2
Democratic Justin Jelincic 4,602 4.9
Peace and Freedom Lawrence Allen 2,190 2.3
Total votes 93,786 100.0
California's 13th Congressional District Election, 2014
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 168,491 88.5
Republican Dakin Sundeen 21,940 11.5
Total votes 189,981 100.0
California's 13th Congressional District Primary Election, 2016
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 192,227 92
Republican Sue Caro 16,818 8
Total votes 209,045 100.0
California's 13th Congressional District Election, 2016
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 293,117 90.8
Republican Sue Caro 29,754 9.2
Total votes 322,871 100.0

See also

References
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Further reading
California Assembly
Preceded by
Elihu Harris		 Member of the California Assembly
from the 13th district
1990–1992		 Succeeded by
Willie Brown
Preceded by
John Burton		 Member of the California Assembly
from the 16th district
1992–1996		 Succeeded by
Don Perata
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Ron Dellums		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 9th congressional district
1998–2013		 Succeeded by
Jerry McNerney
Preceded by
Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick		 Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus
2009–2011		 Succeeded by
Emanuel Cleaver
Preceded by
Pete Stark		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 13th congressional district
2013–present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Peter DeFazio		 Chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus
2005–2009
Served alongside: Lynn Woolsey		 Succeeded by
Raúl Grijalva
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Gregory Meeks		 United States Representatives by seniority
54th		 Succeeded by
Steve Chabot
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