Back Bay station

Back Bay Station (also signed as Back Bay · South End) is an intermodal passenger station in Boston, Massachusetts. It is located just south of Copley Square in Boston's Back Bay and South End neighborhoods, it serves MBTA Commuter Rail and MBTA subway routes, and also serves as a secondary Amtrak intercity rail station for Boston. The present building, designed by Kallmann McKinnell & Wood, opened in 1987. It replaced the New Haven Railroad's older Back Bay station - which opened in 1928 as a replacement for an 1899-built station - as well as the New York Central's Huntington Avenue and Trinity Place stations which had been demolished in 1964.

Back Bay Station
Front entrance viewed from Dartmouth Street in 2017
Location145 Dartmouth Street, Boston, Massachusetts
Coordinates42°20′50″N 71°04′32″W
Owned byMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Line(s)Northeast Corridor
Orange Line
Framingham/Worcester Line
Platforms1 island platform, 1 side platform (Northeast Corridor)
1 island platform (Orange Line)
1 island platform (Framingham/Worcester Line)
Tracks3 (Northeast Corridor)
2 (Orange Line)
2 (Framingham/Worcester Line)
Connections MBTA bus: 10, 39, 170
Construction
ParkingNo MBTA parking; adjacent private garage
Bicycle facilities40 spaces in "Pedal and Park" bicycle cage
30 outside spaces
Disabled accessYes
Other information
Station codeBBY (Amtrak)
Fare zone1A (MBTA Commuter Rail)
History
Opened1880 (Columbus Avenue); 1899 (Back Bay, Trinity Place, Huntington Avenue)
Rebuilt1929; May 4, 1987 (modern station)
Traffic
Passengers (2018)683,016[1]  9.11% (Amtrak)
Passengers (FY2019)15,646 daily boardings[2] (Orange Line)
Passengers (2018)8,103 daily boardings[3] (Commuter Rail)
Services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station
Route 128
toward Washington, D.C.
 Acela Express Boston South
Terminus
Framingham
toward Chicago
 Lake Shore Limited
Route 128
toward Norfolk, Newport News or Roanoke
 Northeast Regional
Preceding station MBTA Following station
Lansdowne
toward Worcester
 Framingham/​Worcester Line South Station
Terminus
Ruggles
toward Needham Heights
 Needham Line
Ruggles
toward Wickford Junction or Stoughton
 Providence/​Stoughton Line
Ruggles
toward Forge Park/495 or Foxboro
 Franklin Line
Dedham Corporate Center
toward Foxboro
 Franklin Line
Game day special service only
Massachusetts Avenue
toward Forest Hills
 Orange Line Tufts Medical Center
toward Oak Grove
Former services
Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station
Newton
toward Albany
 Boston and Albany Railroad Main Line Boston
Terminus
Allston
toward Albany
Longwood
toward Riverside
 Highland Branch
Preceding station MBTA Following station
Mount Hope
toward Dedham
 Dedham Branch
Closed 1967
 South Station
Terminus
Roslindale Village
toward Millis
 Millis Branch
Closed 1967
Preceding station New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Following station
Forest Hills
toward New Haven
 Shore Line Boston
Terminus
Roslindale Village
toward Woonsocket
 Charles River Line Terminus

Although South Station is Boston's primary rail hub, Back Bay maintains high traffic levels due to its location in the Back Bay neighborhood near the Prudential Center development and its access to important Northeast Corridor services. All Amtrak Acela Express and Northeast Regional trains running to and from South Station stop at Back Bay, as does the Boston section of the Lake Shore Limited. Four MBTA Commuter Rail routes - the Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin Line, Needham Line, and Framingham/Worcester Line - also stop at Back Bay, as do the Orange Line subway and several local MBTA bus routes. It is the third-busiest MBTA Commuter Rail station (after North Station and South Station) and the sixth-busiest MBTA subway station.[2][3]

History
Columbus Avenue station in 1898
The 1899-built Back Bay station on an early postcard

The Boston and Worcester Railroad opened from downtown Boston to Newton in 1834, and to Worcester within the next several years. The Boston and Providence Railroad opened from Park Square to East Providence later that year. The two lines crossed on causeways in the Back Bay, then still used as a mill pond.[4] Around 1880, the Boston and Albany Railroad (descendant of the B&W) opened its Columbus Avenue station to serve new developments on the filled bay.[5][6][7] In 1897, the New Haven Railroad (which owned the Boston and Providence and leased the Old Colony Railroad), the New York and New England Railroad, and the Boston and Albany formed the Boston Terminal Company to consolidate their four terminals into a new union station.

Simultaneous with the construction of the resulting South Station in 1899, the New Haven also built its first Back Bay Station just east of Dartmouth Street to compete with the B&A's Columbus Avenue station. The next year, the B&A replaced Columbus Avenue station with the westbound-only Trinity Place and eastbound-only Huntington Avenue stations.[8]

The current Back Bay Station opened on May 4, 1987, as part of the Orange Line's Southwest Corridor project and was dedicated by Governor Michael Dukakis.[9] It replaced the 1899-built and 1929-rebuilt ex-New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad station of the same name, of which some remnants can still be found at the eastern end of the present station facilities, including a carved stone embedded in the brick wall on the east side of Columbus Avenue.[10] The reopened station had South End as a secondary name, approved in 1985 as part of a series of station name changes.[11]

The 1987 reconstruction added a waiting area with a 9-foot bronze statue dedicated to civil rights and labor movement pioneer A. Philip Randolph. The area includes various posters with historical photographs and interview excerpts regarding Randolph's career in organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and work with the Civil Rights Movement.

On September 22, 2006, the MBTA began allowing free inbound travel from Back Bay to South Station. This change was to allow travel from Back Bay hotels to the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center and Logan International Airport (using the Silver Line from South Station) without the need to transfer to the Red Line.[12] Until replaced with the CharlieCard Store at Downtown Crossing on August 13, 2012, an MBTA customer service booth for special pass users was located at Back Bay station.[13]

Night Owl crash

In 1990, a northbound commuter train running along the Providence/Stoughton Line was involved in a collision with a northbound Night Owl train. The accident, which occurred to the west of the Back Bay station, injured 453 people, although there were no fatalities.[14]

Air quality
Island platform at Back Bay; fumes in the air cause the halos around the ceiling lights

Back Bay station has suffered from poor air quality since its opening; passengers with lung conditions have been advised to avoid the station. Much of the commuter rail infrastructure at Back Bay is covered and enclosed, and so diesel fumes cannot escape quickly to the outside air. A petition drive in 2000 gathered complaints about the then-"longstanding" issue.[15] Studies in 2006 in 2008 showed that "the air was many, many times below air-quality standards" due to trapped diesel exhaust and soot. An earlier study showed elevated levels of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, particulates, and oxides of nitrogen, though it noted that there is no regulated standard to meet for indoor air quality in public spaces.

Though simple changes were made regarding scheduling, and checking to make sure train engines were running properly, in 2008 the MBTA claimed it lacked the financial resources to fully upgrade the ventilation system.[16]

In 2010, the MBTA announced that it had secured $3.0 million in federal stimulus money to improve the ventilation in the lobby.[17][18][19] While MBTA spokesman Joe Pesaturo said there was no health threat, a scientist at the Clean Air Task Force, a Boston-based nonprofit pollution research group stated, "Honestly, down on the platform it was some of the worst air quality I've measured." Additionally passengers and clerks working in the station have complained. The MBTA said then that it would complete an improved ventilation system by 2012.[20]

On October 8, 2014, Amtrak removed its customer service and ticketing agents from the station due to the persistent air quality issues. Back Bay was to be an unstaffed station "until further notice" as improvements are made.[21] Amtrak personnel returned in 2015, but Amtrak pulled them again effective October 1, 2016.[22]

The station has remained unstaffed since then, though two Quik-Trak kiosks are available. However, baggage cannot be checked at the station. Despite being unstaffed, it remains one of the busiest Amtrak stations in the country. In 2018, it was the fourth-busiest Amtrak station in New England (behind South Station, Providence and New Haven Union) and the 16th-busiest nationwide.[23]

A $10 million ventilation project, funded equally by MassDOT and Boston Properties, was bid in 2016. The work will improve ventilation at the platform level and add "air curtains" to prevent exhaust fumes from reaching the concourse.[24] As of 2019, final designs are due to be submitted in 2020, and the work is expected to take until at least 2022.[25]

Privatization and renovations
Under the agreement signed in 2014, Boston Properties will renovate the station's interior and facade

In 2014, Boston Properties (which purchased the adjacent parking garage in 2010) began negotiating with the state for the right to build an air rights development atop the station and garage parcels, in exchange for managing the station and completing a $25 million renovation. Similar private management schemes were already in place at North Station and South Station, though without the real estate component.[26] An agreement was signed in late 2014, with the renovation budget increased to $32 million. In August 2015, the MBTA began paying Boston Properties a subsidy (as rents from retail spaces had been lower than expected) and agreed to fund some repairs to expansion joints not covered in the original agreement.[27]

Boston Properties filed notice with the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) in December 2015, beginning the permitting process.[28] Plans for the station and development were released in March 2016. The station renovation will include restoration of the original architecture, relocation of the Orange Line entrances, expanded waiting areas in the main concourse, renovated bathrooms, improved ventilation, and new retail spaces surrounding the concourse. The station work was then scheduled to begin in 2017 pending BRA approval.[29][30] As of January 2019, construction is planned to begin in 2019.[31]

Station layout
The waiting room
Ground Street Level Exit/Entrance, waiting room, and vendors
Platforms Track 7 ←      Lake Shore Limited and      Framingham/​Worcester Line →
Island platform, doors will open on the left, right
Track 5 ←      Lake Shore Limited and      Framingham/​Worcester Line →
Southbound ←      Orange Line toward Forest Hills (Massachusetts Avenue)
Island platform, doors will open on the left
Northbound →      Orange Line toward Oak Grove (Tufts Medical Center) →
Track 3 ←      Acela,      Northeast Regional,      Needham Line,      Providence/​Stoughton Line, and      Franklin Line →
Island platform, doors will open on the left, right
Track 1 ←      Acela,      Northeast Regional,      Needham Line,      Providence/​Stoughton Line, and      Franklin Line →
Track 2 ←      Acela,      Northeast Regional,      Needham Line,      Providence/​Stoughton Line, and      Franklin Line →
Side platform, doors will open on the left, right
View of station from Berkeley Street overpass, looking westward. From left to right: Tracks 2, 1, 3; Orange Line tracks and train; Tracks 5 and 7.

There are 5 tracks serving Amtrak and commuter rail service. Tracks 2, 1, and 3 (in order south to north) serve Amtrak's Acela Express and Northeast Regional plus the MBTA's Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin Line, and Needham Line. Tracks 5 and 7 on the Framingham/Worcester Line and the Lake Shore Limited serve westbound trains from a separate island platform.[32] Tracks 1 and 2 are considered the primary mainline tracks; the track numbering scheme used in the Boston area uses only odd numbers for additional tracks on the Track 1 side (hence Tracks 3, 5, and 7) and even numbers for tracks on the Track 2 side.[32] The Orange Line tracks and platforms lie between these two groups of mainline rail tracks.

The open-air trainshed over the Northeast Corridor platforms

Back Bay is fully handicapped accessible. The station has full-length high-level platforms on the three Northeast Corridor tracks, and a mini-high platform for the Worcester Line tracks. Elevators are available to access all platforms from the street-level station building.

Because Amtrak's Downeaster trains depart from North Station rather than Back Bay or South Station, Amtrak advises travelers that wish to make a connection via subway to use the Orange Line between Back Bay and North Station, as using South Station would require an additional transfer at Downtown Crossing.[33]

The main station building is located between Dartmouth Street and Clarendon Street; however, there are several additional emergency exits from the Amtrak / commuter rail platforms onto Dartmouth Street, Clarendon Street, and Columbus Avenue. The Dartmouth Street Underpass connects the Copley Place shopping mall with the main station building. The underpass was closed from March 6, 2016 to June 1, 2017 during construction at Copley Place, during which it was given some rudimentary refurbishment.[34][35]

Bus connections

Back Bay is served by three MBTA bus routes:

  • This carving on Columbus Avenue is a piece from the demolished 1929 station
  • Station facade with John Hancock Tower behind
  • The main station arcade is supported by massive curved ribs
  • Orange Line electronic fare gates

References
  1. "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2018, Commonwealth of Massachusetts" (PDF). Amtrak. June 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  2. "A Guide to Ridership Data". MassDOT/MBTA Office of Performance Management and Innovation. June 22, 2020. p. 6.
  3. Central Transportation Planning Staff (2019). "2018 Commuter Rail Counts". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
  4. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1842). "Boston with Charlestown and Roxbury" – via WardMaps.
  5. Barrett, Richard C. (1996). Boston's Depots and Terminals. Railroad Research Publications. pp. 137–147. ISBN 1884650031.
  6. Sweetser, M. F. (1880). "New Map of Boston". Boston Map Company – via Ward Maps.
  7. Atlas of the City of Boston, Boston Proper. 1. G.W. Bromley and Co. 1883 – via Ward Maps.
  8. Humphrey, Thomas J. & Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. p. 22. ISBN 9780685412947.
  9. "Boston-Back Bay, MA". Great American Stations. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  10. Roy, John H. Jr. (2007). A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses. Branch Line Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780942147087.
  11. Crocket, Douglas S. (July 27, 1985). "T board votes to change the names of some stations". Boston Globe. p. 26 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. "MBTA Announces Free Commuter Rail Service From Back Bay To South Station" (Press release). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. September 22, 2006.
  13. Rocheleau, Matt (13 August 2012). "MBTA opens new CharlieCard Store inside Downtown Crossing Station". Boston Globe. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  14. "Railroad Accident Report RAR-92-01: Derailment and Collision of Amtrak Passenger Train 66 with MBTA Commuter Train 906 at Back Bay Station, Boston, Massachusetts, December 12, 1990" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC. 25 February 1992.
  15. Palmer, Thomas C., Jr. (May 27, 2001). "PETITION DRIVE PUTS FOCUS ON FOUL-SMELLING T STATION COMMUTER SEEKS TO CLEAR THE AIR OF DIESEL FUMES". Boston Globe. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. "Bad Air at Back Bay Too Costly to Fix, T Says". The Boston Globe. August 31, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  17. "Federal stimulus funds mean state to do something about the lung-cancer chamber known as Back Bay station". Universal Hub. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  18. "AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT OF 2009 MBTA PROJECT STATUS AS OF 7/1/10" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  19. "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 MBTA Implementation & Oversight" (PDF). National Council for Public-Private Partnerships. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  20. Rocheleau, Matt (October 1, 2010). "Amid Complaints, T Aims to Fix Back Bay Station's Ventilation System". The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
  21. "Boston, MA (BBY)". Amtrak. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014.
  22. "Boston, MA (BBY)". Amtrak. Archived from the original on September 22, 2016.
  23. "Amtrak National Facts" (PDF). Amtrak. 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  24. Chesto, Jon (4 April 2016). "Relief could be coming for Back Bay commuters weary of diesel fumes". Boston Globe. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  25. "Back Bay Station Improvements". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019.
  26. Ross, Casey (18 June 2014). "Skyscraper envisioned at Back Bay station: Developer would manage T facility in return for rights". Boston Globe. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  27. Logan, Tim (10 August 2015). "Deal to privatize MBTA station debuts with shortfalls". Boston Globe. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  28. Logan, Tim (30 December 2015). "New complex proposed over Back Bay Station". Boston Globe. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  29. Logan, Tim; Chesto, Jon (29 March 2016). "Dramatic remake coming to Back Bay Station". Boston Globe. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  30. BP Hancock LLC via Boston Properties Limited Partnership (29 March 2016). "The Back Bay / South End Gateway Project – Project Notification Form". Boston Redevelopment Authority. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  31. Dwyer, Dialynn (January 10, 2019). "9 Boston developments to watch in 2019". Boston Globe.
  32. Held, Patrick R. (2010). "Massachusetts Bay Colony Railroad Track Charts" (PDF). Johns Hopkins Association for Computing Machinery. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  33. "Downeaster". Amtrak. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  34. "Subway Service Alerts: Orange Line". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016.
  35. "Subway Service Alerts: Orange Line". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. April 4, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017.
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