Arizona Libertarian Party

The Arizona Libertarian Party (AZLP) is the Arizona affiliate of the national Libertarian Party (LP). The party saw early support from established politicians such as from former Representative Sam Steiger and after stagnation in the 1980s and early 90s saw a rapid increase in voter registration and vote totals in the mid-to-late 90s.

Arizona Libertarian Party
Abbreviation	AZLP
Chairman	Howard Blitz
Founded	October 7, 1972 (1972-10-07)[1][2]
Membership (July 1, 2019)	32,258
Ideology	Libertarianism
Senate	0 / 30
House of Representatives	0 / 60
U.S. Senate	0 / 2
U.S. House of Representatives	0 / 9
Website
www.azlp.org
Politics of United States Political parties Elections

History

1970s

On October 7, 1972, the organization meeting of the Arizona Libertarian Party was held at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona.[2] In 1972, the party had 35 dues paying members and held a state convention to plan on how to seek legal recognition as a party.[3][4] In 1973, the party was organized and elected its party officials and by 1974, had grown to over 200 members.[5]

In January 1975, the party announced that it would begin its first ballot access drive to collect the 11,044 signatures needed to gain ballot access for the 1976 elections and by June had submitted petitions with 9,913 signatures with plans to submit the remaining signatures later.[6][7] However, the deadline for the signatures passed while state officials were counting the signatures, but the Libertarian Party was successful in gaining a court ordered extension to the deadline and were given ballot access after the counting of the signatures concluded on July 21.[8][9][10][11]

The party's 1978 state convention was attended by Washington Post columnist Nicholas von Hoffman and former Republican Representative Sam Steiger who addressed them on political fundraising.[12] Under Arizona law at the time in order for a party to maintain political party recognition it would need to receive 5% of the total votes cast in an election and under that rule the party lost its recognition as it only received 1.4% of the total votes. The party filed a lawsuit against Arizona's ballot access laws to maintain party recognition, but officially lost its recognition on March 1, 1978, when the Arizona Supreme Court ruled 3-2 that Arizona's ballot access law was constitutional.[13]

1980s

Former Representative Sam Steiger's performance in the 1982 gubernatorial election gave the affiliate automatic ballot access for the 1984 elections.

The national party's presidential candidate, Ed Clark, attended the party's 1979 and 1980 state conventions and offered support to their attempts to regain ballot access and to place a ballot measure to eliminate taxes placed on food or food products and to repeal Arizona's auto-emissions tests.[14][15][16] Although the party was unsuccessful in placing their auto-emissions test repeal measures onto the ballot their food sales tax repeal was successful and removed the state's 4% sales tax on food products and were successful in regaining ballot access and placing Ed Clark onto the Arizona 1980 presidential ballot.[17][18][19]

At their 1982 state convention Ed Clark addressed them for the third time, but announced that he would not seek the party's 1984 presidential nomination as to prevent it from becoming a cult of personality.[20] The party had been struggling in their attempts to maintain ballot access with the difficulty of obtaining enough signatures to gain ballot access and gaining the 5% needed in a gubernatorial or presidential race to maintain it, but shortly before their state convention Sam Steiger, who had attended one of their previous conventions and had been sympathetic to the party since his failed 1976 Senate campaign, announced that he would run for governor as a Libertarian to help the party reach the 5% goal although he admitted that he had no chance of winning.[21][22] In the 1982 gubernatorial election Steiger received more than the 5% vote requirement giving the party automatic ballot access for the 1984 elections.

Despite the fact that the party qualified for automatic ballot access at the state level due to a technicality the party was not qualified for automatic ballot access at the county level as Stieger only received 5% of the vote in two counties leaving them unqualified in every county except for in Maricopa and Coconino counties.[23] They attempted to appeal to the courts to have the law overturned, but were ruled against by the attorney general.[24] The party lost its automatic ballot access after David Bergland only took 1.03% in the presidential race. The next year the party hosted the 1985 National Convention for the national Libertarian Party in Phoenix.[25]

In 1986, Ken Sturzenacker, the chairman of the party, resigned after the executive committee ousted him from his post after he was accused of spending money without authorization and for failing to collect enough signatures to gain ballot access for the 1986 elections.[26][27] The party failed for the first time since 1974 to collect enough signatures to appear on the ballot after collecting less than the 20,000 signatures required.[28] Due to their lack of ballot access the party was unable to field a gubernatorial candidate so for the 1986 gubernatorial election the party endorsed Evan Mecham in the race which he won.[29]

1990s

Despite Andre Marrou's failure to obtain 5% statewide in Arizona's presidential election the party was able to obtain recognition and automatic ballot access at the county level with multiple candidates easily passing the 5% requirement.[30] In 1993, Tucson officials refused to give ballot access to a Libertarian attempting to run for city council as according to their signature requirement he would need 5% of the total number of votes for the previous Libertarian candidate regardless of what party they were registered to while the Arizona affiliate stated that it would only be 5% of all registered Libertarians in the city.[31] The party appealed the decision to a superior court which ruled in their favor allowing their city council candidate to run.[32]

In 1994, John Buttrick became the first Libertarian gubernatorial candidate to appear on the ballot in 12 years since Sam Stieger in 1982 after a successful ballot access drive by the party.[33] Buttrick failed to meet the 5% requirement to get automatic ballot access, but the party was successful in other areas where they took 7% in the Senate race which was the best performance for a Libertarian nationally at the time, maintained ballot access in Pima County, and increased voter registration to almost 8,000 which brought them closer to the 14,000 that would give them automatic ballot access.[34]

The Pima County Libertarian Party was disaffiliated with the Arizona party in 1996, after a legal dispute in 1995 over whether the Pima County or Maricopa County affiliate represented the statewide party, was due to them carrying out party elections against the orders of the state party which started a three-year legal dispute.[35] The party missed the deadline for it to submit its eight presidential electors putting Harry Browne's presidential ballot access in Arizona at risk, but after a court appeal they were given access by a superior court.[36][37] The party also saw its registered voter amount rise above the amount needed to become a recognized party in Arizona and would not have to submit petitions to gain ballot access.[38]

In 1999, after a court ordered the Pima and Maricopa County affiliates to meet and elect officers in accordance with state law, which was ignored by the Maricopa affiliate causing a contempt of court motion, a new state chairman was elected and the Pima County Libertarian Party was re-affiliated with the state party.[39]

2000s

Barry Hess' performance in the Senate election was the best for a statewide Libertarian candidate in 2000.

Another legal dispute arouse during the 2000 presidential campaign when two different groups claimed to be the official Libertarian Party of Arizona. In early 2000, a superior court ruled that the group not recognized by the national Libertarian Party was the official state party and gave it access to the voter list rather than the Tucson-based group recognized by the national party.[40] Arizona continued its recognition of the rival faction when it gave the Libertarian presidential ballot access to author L. Neil Smith, who failed to win the national party's nomination, was supported by the rival group, which was upheld after a lawsuit filed by the national party and Harry Browne who would be forced to file as independents, but due to the short time frame were unable to appear on the ballot.[41][42] Smith only received one-third of the votes Browne took in 1996, but the party was more successful in the Senate race where they took over 5% again due to no Democratic candidate running in the race.

In 2001, the group not recognized by the national party along with the Democratic and Republican parties of Arizona attempted to challenge election laws that dealth with the election of party officials, but were against in appellate court.[43] The rival Libertarians later filed a lawsuit to bar independents from voting in political party primaries and end Arizona's open primaries and won in federal district court, but the ruling was overturned in appeals court.[44][45][46] The affiliate recognized by the national party at the same time lost its lawsuit to strike down Arizona's short filing period for independents that it filed during the 2000 presidential election.[47] By 2004 the legal disputes between the two groups had been settled and the national presidential candidate was placed onto the ballot in Arizona. The party filed a lawsuit stating that as the Arizona State University raised donations and were working for the state they were in violation of the law and could not hold the debate without Michael Badnarik, but the presidential debate still happened.[48]

2010s

In 2011, the Arizona Green and Libertarian parties filed a lawsuit due to the new voter registration card only including the two largest parties while all other parties would have to be written in.[49] The courts ruled in favor of Arizona as "the state has a legitimate interest in keeping the registration form simple".[50] They attempted to have the U.S. District Court reconsider its decision and to bring the case to the Supreme Court, but both attempts failed.[51][52]

The party struggled to field candidates in 2016 due to a dramatic increase in signature requirements by state Republicans to limit Libertarians on the ballot.[53] However, Libertarian justice of the peace candidate Gregory Kelly was able to overcome the new signature requirements to get on the ballot, and achieved 25,356 votes (31.56%) in the Highland District race.[54]

The Libertarian party's most successful candidate in 2014 by both percentage and votes was Maricopa County Assessor candidate Rebecca Kielsky with 208,394, or 29.26% of the votes. The most successful candidate in 2012 by both percentage and votes was Maricopa County Attorney candidate Michael Kielsky with 288,281, or 27.55% of the votes.

Elected officials

Current officials

• Ruth E. Bennett -- Continental Elementary School District Board member (2016–present)
• Levi Tappan -- Page Mayor (2019–present)[55]
• Barbara Neville -- Santa Cruz County National Resource Conservation District (2018–present)

Past officials

• Levi Tappan -- Page City councilor[56]
• Scott Stewart -- Pima County Community College Board member

Electoral performance

Presidential

Electoral performance

President Election year Vote percentage +/– Votes Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Result 1976 1.03 / 100 7,647 Roger MacBride David Bergland Lost 1980 2.15 / 100 1.12 18,784 Ed Clark David Koch Lost 1984 1.03 / 100 1.12 10,585 David Bergland James A. Lewis Lost 1988 1.14 / 100 0.11 13,351 Ron Paul Andre Marrou Lost 1992 0.45 / 100 0.69 6,759 Andre Marrou Nancy Lord Lost 1996 1.02 / 100 0.57 14,358 Harry Browne Jo Jorgensen Lost 2000 0.38 / 100 0.64 5,775 L. Neil Smith[lower-alpha 1] Vin Suprynowicz[lower-alpha 2] Lost 2004 0.59 / 100 0.21 11,856 Michael Badnarik Richard Campagna Lost 2008 0.54 / 100 0.05 12,555 Bob Barr Wayne Allyn Root Lost 2012 1.39 / 100 0.85 32,100 Gary Johnson Jim Gray Lost 2016 4.16 / 100 2.77 106,327 Gary Johnson Bill Weld Lost

Gubernatorial

Electoral performance

Governor Election year Vote percentage +/– Votes Gubernatorial candidate Result 1978 1.93 / 100 10,421 V. Gene Lewter Lost 1982 5.05 / 100 3.12 36,649 Sam Steiger Lost 1986 39.67 / 100 343,913 Evan Mecham[lower-alpha 3] Won 1990 0.03 / 100 0.03 316 Ed Yetman (write-in) Lost 1994 3.12 / 100 3.09 35,222 John A. Buttrick Lost 1998 2.67 / 100 0.45 27,150 Katherine Gallant Lost 2002 1.66 / 100 1.01 20,356 Barry Hess Lost 2006 1.97 / 100 0.31 30,268 Barry Hess Lost 2010 2.24 / 100 0.27 38,722 Barry Hess Lost 2014 3.81 / 100 1.57 57,337 Gary Johnson Lost 2018 0.00 / 100 3.81 0 None Lost

Senate Class I

Senate results

Year	Senate nominee	Votes	Change
1976	Allan Norwitz	7,310 (0.99%)
1982	Randall Clamons	20,100 (2.78%)	1.79%
1988	Rick Tompkins	20,849 (1.79%)	0.99%
1994	Scott Grainger	75,493 (6.75%)	4.96%
2000	Barry Hess	70,724 (5.06%)	1.68%
2006	Richard Mack	48,231 (3.16%)	1.90%
2012	Marc J. Victor	102,109 (4.55%)	1.39%
2018	None	None	4.55%

Senate Class III

Senate results

Year	Senate nominee	Votes	Change
1980	Fred R. Esser	12,008 (1.37%)	4.71%
1986	None	None	1.37%
1992	Kiana Delamare	22,613 (1.64%)	1.64%
1998	John C. Zajac	23,004 (2.27%)	0.63%
2004	Ernest Hancock	51,798 (2.64%)	0.37%
2010	David Nolan	80,097 (4.71%)	2.07%
2016	None	None	4.71%

House

House results

Year	Number of candidates	Votes	Change
1992	3	26,724 (1.90%)
1994	5	36,886 (3.36%)	1.46%
1996	3	27,554 (2.03%)	1.33%
1998	4	18,042 (1.80%)	0.23%
2000	6	41,670 (2.84%)	1.04%
2002	8	40,308 (3.37%)	0.53%
2004	8	146,316 (7.82%)	4.45%
2006	8	90,214 (6.04%)	1.78%
2008	8	61,100 (2.63%)	3.41%
2010	8	72,216 (4.25%)	1.62%
2012	7	82,282 (3.79%)	0.46%
2014	3	23,767 (1.62%)	2.17%

Voter registration

Voter registration

Year	RV.	%	Change
1980	2,839	(0.25%)	[57]
1982	3,721	(0.30%)	0.05%[58]
1988	4,937	(0.27%)	0.03%[59]
1990	4,632	(0.25%)	0.02%[60]
1992	5,299	(0.27%)	0.02%[61]
1994	7,574	(0.37%)	0.10%[62]
1996	18,418	(0.82%)	0.45%[63]
1998	17,466	(0.77%)	0.05%[64]
1999	15,265	(0.73%)	0.04%[65]
2000	12,576	(0.58%)	0.15%[66]
2001	14,976	(0.69%)	0.11%[67]
2002	14,259	(0.64%)	0.05%[68]
2003	15,628	(0.70%)	0.06%[69]
2004	18,261	(0.69%)	0.01%[70]
2005	18,241	(0.68%)	0.01%[71]
2006	17,446	(0.68%)	[72]
2007	18,631	(0.69%)	0.01%[73]
2008	18,153	(0.61%)	0.08%[74]
2009	24,842	(0.80%)	0.19%[75]
2010	24,382	(0.77%)	0.03%[76]
2011	23,392	(0.74%)	0.03%[77]
2012	22,086	(0.71%)	0.03%[78]
2013	25,845	(0.80%)	0.09%[79]
2014	26,589	(0.82%)	0.02%[80]
2015	27,099	(0.82%)	[81]
2016	31,358	(0.87%)	0.05%[82]
2017	31,941	(0.87%)	[83]
2018	31,583	(0.85%)	0.02%[84]
2019	32,258	(0.84%)	0.01%[85]

See also

• Political party strength in Arizona
• David Nolan

Notes

1. Harry Browne was the national candidate, but due to a dispute between the Arizona affiliate and the national party L. Neil Smith was on the ballot instead.
2. Art Olivier was the national candidate, but due to a dispute between the Arizona affiliate and the national party Vin Suprynowicz was on the ballot instead.
3. Endorsed

References

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50. "Judge: Registration form does not discriminate". May 2, 2013.
51. "U.S. District Court Denies Reconsideration in Arizona Voter Registration Lawsuit". May 22, 2013. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019.
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53. http://tucson.com/news/state-and-regional/libertarians-want-arizona-s-election-signature-law-voided/article_84be85c2-7d83-5458-a416-1543f139ff47.html
54. https://recorder.maricopa.gov/electionarchives/2016/11-08-2016%20Final%20Summary%20Report.pdf
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56. https://www.lp.org/blogs/staff/libertarian-levi-tappan-wins-city-council-election-in-page-az
57. "Arizona Registered Voters 1980" (PDF). November 23, 1980.
58. "Arizona Registered Voters 1982" (PDF). November 2, 1982.
59. "Arizona Registered Voters 1988" (PDF). October 1, 1988.
60. "Arizona Registered Voters 1990" (PDF). October 1, 1990.
61. "Arizona Registered Voters 1992" (PDF). October 1, 1992.
62. "Arizona Registered Voters 1994" (PDF). October 1, 1994.
63. "Arizona Registered Voters 1996" (PDF). October 1, 1996.
64. "Arizona Registered Voters 1998" (PDF). November 3, 1998.
65. "Arizona Registered Voters 1999" (PDF). October 1, 1999.
66. "Arizona Registered Voters 2000" (PDF). November 7, 2000.
67. "Arizona Registered Voters 2001" (PDF). November 1, 2001.
68. "Arizona Registered Voters 2002" (PDF). November 5, 2002.
69. "Arizona Registered Voters 2003" (PDF). October 1, 2003.
70. "Arizona Registered Voters 2004" (PDF). November 2, 2004.
71. "Arizona Registered Voters 2005" (PDF). October 1, 2005.
72. "Arizona Registered Voters 2006" (PDF). November 7, 2006.
73. "Arizona Registered Voters 2007" (PDF). October 1, 2007.
74. "Arizona Registered Voters 2008" (PDF). November 4, 2008.
75. "Arizona Registered Voters 2009" (PDF). November 1, 2009.
76. "Arizona Registered Voters 2010" (PDF). November 2, 2010.
77. "Arizona Registered Voters 2011" (PDF). November 1, 2011.
78. "Arizona Registered Voters 2012" (PDF). November 6, 2012.
79. "Arizona Registered Voters 2013" (PDF). October 1, 2013.
80. "Arizona Registered Voters 2014" (PDF). November 4, 2014.
81. "Arizona Registered Voters 2015" (PDF). October 1, 2015.
82. "Arizona Registered Voters 2016" (PDF). November 8, 2016.
83. "Arizona Registered Voters 2017" (PDF). October 1, 2017.
84. "Arizona Registered Voters 2018" (PDF). November 6, 2018.
85. "Arizona Registered Voters 2019". July 1, 2019.

External links

• Official website