Zaslawye

Zaslawye or Zaslaŭje (Belarusian: Засла́ўе, [zaˈsɫau̯je]; Russian: Засла́вль; Polish: Zasław; Lithuanian: Zaslavlis) is a historic city in the Minsk Region of Belarus, 20 kilometres northwest of Minsk. In 2009 its population was 14,400.[1]

Zaslawye

Заслаўе (Belarusian)
Заславль (Russian)

Zaslaŭje
City
Church of the Saviour's Transfiguration
(35 meters (115 ft) high)
Coat of arms
Zaslawye
Location of Zaslawye in Belarus
Coordinates: 54°00′30″N 27°17′05″E
Country
Voblast
Raion		 Belarus
Minsk Region
Minsk Raion
Founded985
Area
 • Total14.2 km2 (5.5 sq mi)
Elevation
211 m (692 ft)
Population
 (2009)
 • Total14,400
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
223034, 223036
License plate5

History

According to chronicles, Zaslawye was founded in 985 by Vladimir the Great who sent his wife Rogneda to live here with their son Izyaslav of Polotsk, the founder of the princely house of Polatsk. It is mentioned in historical writings as Izyaslavl. The town's current name derives from this name.

In the early Middle Ages, the town was the centre of the Principality of Izyaslavl. In the 11th century, the town was heavily fortified; much of its territory has been designated an archaeological reservation. There is also a modern outdoor statue of Rogneda and Izyaslav on the grounds.

During the period of Reformation, the town was a nest for followers of Calvinism and Socinianism.

The town became a part of the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. Soviet power was established in November 1917. German occupation lasted from February to December 1918. In 1919, the town became a part of the Byelorussian SSR. Polish occupation lasted from July 1919 to July 1920.

This district center was under German occupation from 28 June 1941 to 4 July 1944. In 1939, Jews comprised 9% of the town’s total population, numbering 248 people. In October 1941, the Germans gathered 100 Jews of the city in a ghetto which was a building formerly occupied by Soviet border guards. It was forbidden to go outside and they didn’t received food. The ghetto was surrounded by a fence and was supervised day and night. On September 26 and 27, 1941, all the Jewish males were killed, at least 20 people in total, 12 of them burned in the ghetto building. On September 29, around 100 Jews, mostly women, children, and elderly people, were taken on horse carts out of the ghetto under the pretext of future resettlement to Minsk. They were all shot in a pit in the forest near the village of Sloboda. For a month following the liquidation of the ghetto, 35 Jewish women were kept in one of the houses on Bazarnaya Street. They were used for different kinds of forced labor until they were all shot on October 29, 1941.[2]

Geography

Situated in north-western suburb of Minsk, is part of its urban area and one of its main towns also with Fanipol and Machulishi. Considering that the Belarusian capital, seat of Minsk Raion, is administratively separated from it, Zaslawye is the most populated settlement of the proper raion.

Sites

All historical attractions of Zaslaŭje are situated in the downtown not far from the Belarus Railway Station. The most interesting of them are the Zamechek (Castle) archaeological site of the Zaslaŭje town of the 10 – 12th centuries, the Val Site that includes town ramparts and the fortified Savior Transfiguration Church (primary Calvinist church which was built from 1577 onward and is still in fair preservation), the Phara St Mary Church of the 18th century, a small skansen of a traditional wooden tavern, smithy, storehouse and steam mill.

Notable residents
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References
  1. (in Russian) 2009 statistics of Belarus Archived October 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (Belstat)
  2. http://yahadmap.org/#village/zaslavl-minsk-belarus.494
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