Zarka (trope)

Zarka or zarqa (Hebrew: זַרְקָא֮‎, with variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. It is usually found together with the Segol, with a Munach preceding either or both. The symbol for a Zarka is a 90 degrees rotated, inverted S.[1] The Hebrew word זַרְקָא֮‎ translates into English as scatterer, since it is a scattering of notes.

Zarqa
זַרְקָא֮ ֮ אֱלֹהִים֮
cantillation
Sof passuk׃  paseq׀
etnachta֑  segol֒
shalshelet֓  zaqef qatan֔
zaqef gadol֕  tifcha֖
rivia֗  zarqa֘
pashta֙  yetiv֚
tevir֛  geresh֜
geresh muqdam֝  gershayim֞
qarney para֟  telisha gedola֠
pazer֡  atnah hafukh֢
munach֣  mahapakh֤
merkha֥  merkha kefula֦
darga֧  qadma֨
telisha qetana֩  yerah ben yomo֪
ole֫  illuy֬
dehi֭  zinor֮

Zarka is part of the Segol group. In this group, Zarka is the connector and Segol is the separator.[2]

Zarka, Tsinnor and Tsinnorit

Zarka is also sometimes called tsinnor. Properly speaking, tsinnor is the name it receives when appears on the three poetic books (Job, Proverbs and Psalms, or the א״מת‎ books, from their initials in Hebrew), and zarqa the name it gets on the remaining 21 books of the Hebrew Bible (also known as the prosaic books).[3] Both sets of books use a different cantillation system.

Caution must be taken not to confuse this mark with the very similar mark tsinnorit, which has the same shape but different position and use. They differ in the following:[4][5]

  • Zarqa/tsinnor is always postpositive, which means that it is always placed after the consonant, that is, shows up to the left side: זַרְקָא֮‎. Tsinnorit is always centered above it: צִנּוֹרִת֘‎.
  • Zarqa/tsinnor is a distinctive cantillation symbol both on the 21 books and the 3 books, while tsinnorit appears only on the 3 books, and always combined with a second mark (merkha or mahapakh) to form a conjunctive symbol (called merkha metsunneret and mahpakh metsunnar, respectively).
  • Note that both marks have been wrongly named by Unicode.[5][6] Zarqa/tsinnor corresponds to Unicode "Hebrew accent zinor", code point U+05AE (where "zinor" is a misspelled form for tsinnor), while tsinnorit maps to "Hebrew accent zarqa", code point U+0598.

Total occurrences
Book Number of appearances
Torah 371[7]
   Genesis 73[7]
   Exodus 80[7]
   Leviticus 56[7]
   Numbers 96[7]
   Deuteronomy 66[7]
Nevi'im 186[8]
Ketuvim 182[8]

Melody

gollark: Oh hey, heav is probably here now, we can technically run interviews.
gollark: I'm sure you'd like to think so.
gollark: We feed all the messages in it to a logger in Site Null.
gollark: You infiltrated the decoy.
gollark: You're not on this project, bee.

References
  1. Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 61
  2. Art of Torah Cantillation: A Step-by-step Guide to Chanting Torah By Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 59
  3. "Hebrew Cantillation Marks And Their Encoding: The 21 books and the 3 books".
  4. "Hebrew Cantillation Marks And Their Encoding: Error pertaining to the characters U+0598 and U+05AE".
  5. "Unicode Technical Note #27: "Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names", Appendix A".
  6. "Unicode Technical Note #27: "Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names"".
  7. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6
  8. Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5
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