Yarim-Lim III

Yarim-Lim III (reigned c. Middle 17th century BC - c. 1625 BC - Middle chronology) was the king of Yamhad (Halab) succeeding Hammurabi II.[1]

Yarim-Lim III
Great King of Yamhad
Reignc. Middle 17th century BC – c. 1625 BC. Middle chronology
PredecessorHammurabi II
SuccessorHammurabi III

Reign

Yarim-Lim ascended the throne at a time of internal disintegration for Yamhad, combined with foreign threats represented with the rise of the Hittites. He was either the son of Niqmi-Epuh or Irkabtum.[1]

First Years and Internal Affairs

Yarim-Lim fought and won against Qatna in his early years,[2] but Yamhad's weakness was clear. Ammitakum of Alalakh declared himself king but not as independent ruler, he acknowledged Yarim-Lim as his suzerain and appointed his son Hammurabi as his heir in the presence of Yarim-Lim, declaring him a servant to the great king of Yamhad. Yarim-Lim was a passive actor in naming the heir to Alalakh [3][4]

War with the Hittites

The Hittite king Hattusili I exploited Alalakh's proclamation of sovereignty and the internal dissent it caused in Yamhad. He attacked Alalakh in the second year of his Syrian campaigns and conquered it, cutting Aleppo's route to the sea. Yarim-Lim did not send troops to aid Alalakh and the city was destroyed.[5] He (Hattusili) then attacked Urshu. Yarim-Lim and Carchemish sent aid to the city in vain,[6] and Hattusili destroyed it.[7]

The Hurrians supported by Yarim-Lim attacked Hattusili's newly acquired lands while he was campaigning against Arzawa.[8] He came back on his second campaign, this time fighting Aleppo directly.

In the sixth year of his Syrian campaigns, Hattusili headed toward Hassuwa (Khashshum). Yarim-Lim sent the Aleppan army under the leadership of General Zukrassi, the heavy-armed troops leader accompanied by General Zaludis, the commander of the Manda troops. The army consisted of about a hundred chariots and thousands of foot soldiers.[9] The battle took place near Atalur mountain (located north of Aleppo, not very far from the Amanus, it can be identified with the Kurd-Dagh Mountains).[10] Hattusili emerged victorious. Then he destroyed Hassuwa and moved on destroying Yamhad's other Hurrian allies such as Zippasna and Hahhum.[11] Hattusuli then crossed the Euphrates, comparing himself with Sargon of Akkad and returned to Hattusa.[12]

Death and Succession

The date of Yarim-Lim's death is not known, but he died and was succeeded by Hammurabi III[13] his possible son or cousin,[14] before Hattusili's direct attack on the city of Aleppo which ended in his defeat.[15]

King Yarim-Lim III of Yamhad (Halab)
 Died: 1625 BC
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Hammurabi II		 Great King of Yamhad
– 1625 BC		 Succeeded by
Hammurabi III
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References

Citations
  1. wilfred van soldt. Akkadica, Volumes 111-120. p. 105.
  2. Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards. The Cambridge Ancient History. p. 32.
  3. Society for Old Testament Study, Clarendon P. Archaeology and Old Testament study: jubilee volume of the Society for Old Testament Study, 1917-1967. p. 124.
  4. L. Kakosy. Oikumene. p. 41.
  5. Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger. Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. p. 12.
  6. William J. Hamblin. Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. p. 289.
  7. Trevor Bryce. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. p. 753.
  8. Mario Liverani. The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. p. 260.
  9. Robert Drews. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe Ca. 1200 B.C. p. 106.
  10. Shigeo Yamada. The Construction of the Assyrian Empire. p. 105.
  11. Trevor Bryce. The Kingdom of the Hittites. p. 83.
  12. Trevor Bryce. The Kingdom of the Hittites. p. 84.
  13. Erich Ebeling; Bruno Meissner; Ernst Weidner; Dietz Otto Edzard. Reallexikon D Assyriologie. p. 261.
  14. William C. Hayes; M. B. Rowton; Frank H. Stubbings. Chronology, Volume 1, Part 6. p. 45.
  15. Trevor Bryce. Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. p. 29.
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