Yamaha TX81Z

The Yamaha TX81Z is a rack version of Yamaha DX11 and rack-mounted (keyboard-less) frequency modulation music synthesizer, which was released in 1987. Unlike previous FM synthesizers of the era, the TX81Z was the first to offer a range of oscillator waveforms other than just sine waves, conferring the new timbres of some of its patches when compared to older, sine-only FM synths. The TX81Z has developed a famous reputation, largely based on some of its preset bass sounds. A keyboard version with more onboard editing abilities was released the following year as the Yamaha DX11.

TX81Z
ManufacturerYamaha
Dates1987[1]-1988
Technical specifications
Polyphony8
Timbrality8
Oscillator4 operators per voice
8 waveforms
LFO2 in performance as well as dedicated vibrato(multitimbral) mode
1 in single voice mode
assignable to pitch or amplitude
Synthesis typeDigital Frequency modulation
Aftertouch expressionyes
Velocity expressionyes
Storage memory128 factory patches
32 user patches
24 user performances
Effectsreverb Delay, Pan and Chord.[2]
HardwareYM2414 (OPZ)
CPU 63B03
Input/output
External controlMIDI

Features

The unit is multitimbral, and has 128 ROM voices, 32 editable voice slots, and 24 editable Performance memories.

The RAM slots were rarely utilized due to the perceived high quality and usability of the original patches and the difficulty of programming new sounds with the limited front-panel interface. Among the presets is the famous LatelyBass, one of the most popular presets in synthesizer history.

The TX81Z is backwards-compatible with sound patches developed for Yamaha's DX21, DX27, and DX100 synthesizers.[1] It is also very similar, and almost completely patch-compatible, to the DX11 synthesizer, which is essentially a TX81Z with a velocity and pressure-sensing keyboard, and a pitch envelope.

Usage

Some say the prevalence of the TX81Z's presets was also because of the difficulty in creating new patches.[1] Creating new sounds from the unit's front panel is possible, but numerous nested parameters must be navigated by way of 11 buttons and a backlit 16 character, 2-line LCD. However, several personal computer-based editing applications have been developed since its release. The Dutch company KissBox released in 2013 a TX81Z editor based on RTP-MIDI communication, which makes the hardware synth appear as a VST plugin, while being controlled over a network link in real-time.

The TX81Z was designed as a low-cost FM machine and has always been relatively inexpensive compared to most other FM synthesizers. The TX81Z is built around a single FM chip, the Yamaha YM2414B aka OPZ, while 6-op machines like the DX7 have separate envelope/frequency and algorithm/wave chips and created LFOs in software; this large workload in the OPZ is probably why it has fewer operators and notes. A 63B03 CPU allocates voices and generates auxiliary LFOs, in parallel with MIDI and user interface, which might be why e.g. a pitch EG was omitted; the later DX11 splits responsibilities between 2 CPUs and adds a PEG.

The TX81Z can run quite quickly out of resources, especially under Performance Mode, where the 8 voices are shared between the 16 MIDI channels. It is also quite sensitive to System Exclusive messages timing when being edited remotely. Special care must be taken not to send System Exclusive messages with a delay too small between them (it can take up to 50ms for the synthesizer to process a new parameter value).

The low price made the TX81Z popular with many producers on a tight budget, and is still used by part-time house and acid house producers. Eliot Kennedy uses it for one purpose, a "classic dancefloor bass sound.".[1] Producer Babyface at one point had two units in his studio, both of which he kept set to the preset "LatelyBass", one detuned from the other; this expanded version of the preset became a part of his signature sound . TX81Z units are still fairly common and can often be found at pawn shops, second-hand music retailers, and internet auction websites.[1]

TXz is very suitable for accordion use. It can be programmed to give Four Notes Right, Three notes Chord and One Note Bass. The machine can replicate the sounds of the old style Cordovox as well as add some further interesting sounds.

gollark: It was called the https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/130411/intel-core-i7-8705g-processor-with-radeon-rx-vega-m-gl-graphics-8m-cache-up-to-4-10-ghz.html and had 4GB of HBM for its graphics.
gollark: Have you never heard of Crystal Well and... whatever the stupid codename is for that one weird CPU they released with AMD graphics on it?
gollark: So you admit it.
gollark: ForthLisp™.
gollark: Besides, the A53 cores in my Raspberry Pi 3B™ are much more powerful than this "M1".

References
  1. Sellars, Paul (October 1999). "Yamaha TX81Z: FM Synth (Retro) – Paul Sellars goes back to a time when minimalism ruled in synth design..." Sound On Sound. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
  2. "Yamaha TX81Z FM Expander (SOS May 87)". www.muzines.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-08-17.

Further reading
  • "Yamaha TX81Z FM Expander". Sound On Sound. May 1987. ISSN 0951-6816. OCLC 925234032.
  • "Yamaha TX81z module". Music Technology. Vol. 1 no. 6. April 1987. p. 26. ISSN 0957-6606. OCLC 24835173.
  • "Yamaha TX81Z". Music Technology. Vol. 1 no. 9. July 1987. p. 44. ISSN 0957-6606. OCLC 24835173.
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