Xerogyra spadae

Xerogyra spadae is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae.[3]

Xerogyra spadae
Apertural view of the shell of Xerogyra spadae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Helicoidea
Family:
Geomitridae
Genus:
Xerogyra
Species:
X. spadae
Binomial name
Xerogyra spadae
(Calcara, 1845)[2]
Synonyms
  • Helix spadae Calcara, 1845
  • Candidula spadae (Calcara, 1845)

The specific name spadae, "Spada's", Pietro Calcara commemorated Giovanni Jacopo Spada (1680 — 1774), an Italian naturalist and pioneering geologist of Verona.

Distribution

Candidula spadae is native to Central Italy. The species in sparsely distributed. It is found in the central Apennines. However, the IUCN asserts that the species is also found in extension to Gargano.[1] It is found in the Sibillini Mountains, including Monte Vettore, and then southward to the Monti Reatini, the Gran Sasso d'Italia, and the Monti della Meta.[1]

Description

The shell of Xerogyra spadae is pale white in color. Often, there are narrow light brownish color bands on the shell. The shell is almost smooth.[4]

The whorls are, to some extent, convex in shape. The number of whorls range between 5.5 and 6.[4] The last two whorls increase more rapidly. The last whorl is weakly angulated. It does not descend near the main opening of the shell, the aperture.[4] The aperture is clearly visible and large. The color inside the aperture is white or light yellowish. There is a lip inside the aperture which is white in color.[4]

The umbilicus is initially narrow, but at the last whorl it increases to one-fourth of the shell diameter.[4]

The width of the shell is 10–16 mm. The height of the shell is 6.5-8.5 mm.[4]

Xeogyra spadae Gran Sasso, Campo Pericoli. L'Aquila (Italy). Scale bar 0.5 cm.

Habitat

Xerogyra spadae is a terrestrial species. It lives on pebbly grassland in the alpine tundra and subalpine zone up to the summit region.[1]

Population

According to the IUCN, the size of the population, despite being not properly known, is showing a decreasing trend. The population declined remarkably in the decades 1990s and 2000s. This population decline was caused by an overall dryness in Central Italy's climate.[1]

Interaction with humans and conservation status

Xerogyra spadae faces risk from the tourism industry and grazing activity. Activities associated with tourism, such as skiing, mountain biking, hiking, as well as rock climbing and mountaineering result in degradation of this snail's habitat quality. With the intensity of land-use in the Apennines described by the IUCN as "stable or even increasing", grazing activity such as pasturing also results in change of the natural vegetation with adverse effects.[1]

gollark: I wanted something to play varying music in my base, so I made this.https://pastebin.com/SPyr8jrh is the CC bit, which automatically loads random tapes from a connected chest into the connected tape drive and plays a random track. The "random track" bit works by using an 8KiB block of metadata at the start of the tape.Because I did not want to muck around with handling files bigger than CC could handle within CC, "tape images" are generated with this: https://pastebin.com/kX8k7xYZ. It requires `ffmpeg` to be available and `LionRay.jar` in the working directory, and takes one command line argument, the directory to load to tape. It expects a directory of tracks in any ffmpeg-compatible audio format with the filename `[artist] - [track].[filetype extension]` (this is editable if you particularly care), and outputs one file in the working directory, `tape.bin`. Please make sure this actually fits on your tape.I also wrote this really simple program to write a file from the internet™️ to tape: https://pastebin.com/LW9RFpmY. You can use this to write a tape image to tape.EDIT with today's updates: the internet→tape writer now actually checks if the tape is big enough, and the shuffling algorithm now actually takes into account tapes with different numbers of tracks properly, as well as reducing the frequency of a track after it's already been played recently.
gollark: https://pastebin.com/pDNfjk30Tired of communicating fast? Want to talk over a pair of redstone lines at 10 baud? Then this is definitely not perfect, but does work for that!Use `set rx_side [whatever]` and `set tx_side [whatever]` on each computer to set which side of the computer they should receive/transmit on.
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gollark: https://pastebin.com/MWE6N15i```fixcrane```It's kind of like harbor, but designed as a bundler thing to pack code and libraries into a single file. Automatically minifies your code, and will compress it if that would shorten it - the output file will use a single-file VFS like harbor.
gollark: <@184468521042968577> You know, a structure of ```lua{ ["a/b/c"] = "hugeblank's bad code"}```would be better for writes and stuff but worse for listing.Also, you can convert paths to a "canonical form" with `fs.combine(path, "") `.

References
  1. von Proschwitz, T.; Falkner, M.; Falkner, G.; Hallgass , A. (2013). "Candidula spadae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. Retrieved 2014-11-23.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. (in Italian) Calcara P. (1845). Cenno sui molluschi viventi e fossili della Sicilia da servire di supplimento ed insieme di critiche osservazioni all'opera di R. A. Philippi. pp. 1-65, [1-2], Tav. I-IV [= 1-4]. Palermo. page 49, Table 3, Fig. 1.
  3. Chueca, Luis J.; Gómez-Moliner, Benjamín J.; Madeira, María José; Pfenninger, Markus (January 2018). "Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 357–368. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022. PMID 29107619.
  4. "Candidula spade (Calcara, 1845)". AnimalBase. University of Göttingen. 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
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