Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway

The Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway is a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway. The line was operated as a for-profit company from 1895 until 1933 between the Maine towns of Wiscasset, Albion, and Winslow, but was abandoned in 1936. Today, about two miles (3.2 km) of the track in the town of Alna has been rebuilt and is operated by the non-profit Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway Museum as a heritage railroad offering passenger excursion trains and hauling occasional cargo.

Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway

Locomotive #10 at Sheepscot station on the restored WW&F
Overview
Headquarters	Alna
Reporting mark	WW&FR
Locale	Alna, Maine
Dates of operation	1895–1933 1989–present
Technical
Track gauge	2 ft (610 mm)
Length	3.2 miles (5.1 km)
Other
Website	http://www.wwfry.org

History

Map of a proposed 2 ft (610 mm) gauge railroad that would have linked the WW&F with the Sandy River Railroad. The Franklin, Somerset and Kennebec Railway was chartered in 1897; construction began in 1901 on the northern portion of the line from Farmington to New Sharon. The line was never completed because the Maine Central Railroad objected to a connection between the two narrow gauge lines on their property in Farmington.[1]

The line began operating to Weeks Mills on February 20, 1895, as the Wiscasset and Quebec Railroad. The line was reorganized in 1901 as the Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway following the inability to negotiate a crossing of the Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad near Burnham Junction. The reorganized WW&F completed a branch line from Weeks Mills to the Kennebec River at Winslow but failed to negotiate a connection with the Sandy River Railroad at Farmington, and therefore never reached Quebec.

The WW&F hauled potatoes, lumber, and poultry along with other general freight and passengers. Freight tonnage in 1914 was 43% outbound lumber, 16% outbound potatoes and canned corn, 14% inbound feed and grain, 10% inbound manufactured goods, 5% inbound coal, and 4% outbound hay.[2]

In the late 1920s, the railroad began to struggle, thanks to competition from roads. It was purchased by Frank Winter, a businessman with lumber interests in Palermo. He had also bought two cargo schooners, which he proposed would carry coal north from Boston and return south with lumber, while the railroad would transport coal and lumber between Wiscasset and interior points in Maine. On June 15, 1933, as a result of a locomotive derailment, operations ceased and this business venture never came to fruition. Winter died in 1936. Most of the railroad was scrapped, while the schooners were abandoned beside the railroad wharf in Wiscasset.

Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway Museum

Beginning in 1989, a non-profit organization established the WW&F Railway Museum, which continues to operate as of 2019. It restored several privately owned pieces of former WW&F rolling stock and rebuilt about 2 miles of former WW&F track in Alna. The museum runs 2 ft (610 mm) gauge steam and diesel locomotives and other historic equipment, and has other pieces on static display.[3]

Main Line geography 1895–1933

Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway
43.5 Albion 42.7 Winslow 40.0 South Albion 39.1 North Vassalboro 38.0 China 36.5 East Vassalboro; Cole's 33.7 Clark's 32.9 Palmero 32.5 China Lake 31.5 South China 31.0 Newell's 28.2 Weeks Mills 24.0 Windsor 23.0 Maxcy's 20.4 Cooper's Mills 17.4 North Whitefield 15.7 Prebles 13.3 Whitefield 12.3 Sheepscot River 9.1 Head Tide 6.4 Alna Center 4.8 Sheepscot 0.0 Wiscasset, Maine Central Railroad

Milepost 0: Wiscasset - Transfer yard largely built on pilings over the Sheepscot River estuary including a wharf, passing siding, interchange tracks with the standard gauge Maine Central Railroad and spurs serving a creamery and a grain warehouse. North of the transfer yard was the diamond crossing of the Maine Central Railroad with a wooden platform connecting separate station buildings for the two railroads. A 3-stall enginehouse and turntable, a long coal shed, a large 3-track car shop, two storage sidings, and a water tank were north of the Maine Central diamond.

Milepost 4.8: Sheepscot - Small agent's station building with a northbound spur.

Milepost 6.4: Alna Centre - Small flag stop passenger shelter.

"Top of Mountain" was a southbound spur atop the uphill grade from Head Tide to Alna

Milepost 9.1: Head Tide - Agent's station building of standard design with 2 southbound spurs. Some distance north of the station a third southbound spur served a gravel pit. A covered water tank was north of the gravel pit.

Milepost 12.3: "Iron Bridge" The most impressive bridge on the line carried the rails over the Sheepscot River. The railroad was within a relatively steeply incised portion of the Sheepscot River valley between Head Tide and Whitefield. The through truss bridge had previously been used as part of an early Maine Central Railroad bridge over the Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine.

Milepost 13.3: Whitefield - Agent's station building of standard design with a passing siding.

Milepost 15.7: Prebles - Small flag stop passenger shelter.

Milepost 17.4: North Whitefield - Agent's station building of standard design with a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse. A short distance north of the station, a second southbound spur served Clary's mill.

Milepost 20.4: Cooper's Mills - Agent's station with a passing siding and a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse. The original station was a covered design with doors at either end to allow the train to pass through; but this was replaced in the early 1900s with a newer design similar to those constructed on the Winslow branch. There was a covered water tank south of the station.

Milepost 23: Maxcy's - Small flag stop passenger shelter with a southbound spur.

Milepost 24: Windsor - Agent's station building of standard design with a southbound spur.

Milepost 28.2: Weeks Mills - Agent's station building of standard design with a separate shed-roofed freight house, a covered water tank, one or two passing sidings, a wye for the branch to Winslow, and two southbound spurs for a potato warehouse and a cannery.

Milepost 31: Newell's - Small flag stop passenger shelter with a southbound spur.

Milepost 32.9: Palermo - Agent's station building of standard design with a passing siding and a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse. Some distance north of Palermo was a covered water tank, a southbound spur serving a gravel pit, and, in later years, a northbound spur serving a sawmill owned by the last operator of the railroad.

Milepost 36.5: Cole's - Flag stop.

Milepost 38: China - Agent's station building of standard design with a southbound spur serving a potato warehouse.

Milepost 40: South Albion - Small flag stop passenger shelter.

Milepost 43.5: Albion - Agent's station building of standard design was subsequently modified to add a second story with living quarters. Several southbound spurs served a cannery, a sawmill, a tannery, and two potato warehouses. A turntable and single-stall enginehouse were near the station, and there was a covered water tank about a half-mile south of the station.

Branch Line geography 1902–1916

Milepost 31.5: South China - Agent's station building of newer design with a northbound spur serving a potato warehouse. There was a covered water tank about one-quarter mile south of the station.

Milepost 32.5: China Lake - Flag stop.

Milepost 33.7: Clark's - Flag stop.

Milepost 36.5: East Vassalboro - Agent's station building of newer design with a northbound spur.

Milepost 39.1: North Vassalboro - Agent's station building of newer design with a southbound spur. A northbound spur served a gravel pit south of the station. Three southbound spurs served an American Woolen Company mill north of the station; and there was a covered water tank north of the woolen mill.

Milepost 42.7: Winslow - Agent's station building of newer design with a southbound spur. There was also a turntable and enginehouse for the decade this point served as the primary northern terminus of the railroad. Rails were removed from the Winslow end of the branch in 1912, but the railroad provided freight service as far as North Vassalboro for a few more years.

Locomotives

Steam locomotives

Number	Builder	Type	Build date	Status	Notes
9	Portland Company	Steam	1891	Operational	Built by the Portland Company in 1891 in Portland Maine, the locomotive originally ran for the Sandy River Railroad as engine #5. It later operated on several different railways with different rod numbers, such as SR&RL #6, Kennebec Central #4 in 1924, and as WW&F #9 in 1933. Acquired from the WW&F Railway in 1995 where it went through a twenty-year restoration, it returned to active service in the spring of 2016 where it now operates excursion trains for the railway.
10	Vulcan Ironworks	Steam	1904	Stored out of service	Built by the Vulcan Ironworks in 1904 in Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania, the locomotive originally operated for several plantations, including Sterling Sugars, Inc. and Westfield Plantation. After its retirement in 1958, it was sold to the Edaville Railroad. The Edaville Railroad restored the engine to operating condition and renumbered it as engine #5, it would serve on the Pleasure Island in Wakefield, Massachusetts from 1959 until the park's closure in 1969. The engine was acquired from the WW&F Railway in 1999 and made its first steam up for the railway on December 18, 1999. It ran in several weekend services in 2000, until it underwent some boiler rebuild during the winter. It returned to service and ran from 2001–2002, then again it went under an 18-month overhaul from 2003–2004. The engine continued to operate until 2016 when it was taken out of service for another overhaul, it is currently stored in the engine house awaiting for its rebuild.
11	Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway	Steam	2017–present	Under construction	An newly upcoming 2-4-4 narrow gauge steam engine, it will be based on the WW&F Railway locomotive #7. The engine's headlight, numberplate and bell have already been completed, it is expected that the engine will begin construction in 2020 or later.

Diesel locomotives

Number	Builder	Type	Build date	Status	Notes
51	Brookville	Track Car	1947	Operational	Built by Brockville Locomotive in 1947, it originally worked for a Cape Cod cranberry harvester. In later years, it operated on the Paine Enterprise Marine Railway in South Wellfleet, Massachusetts. The engine was donated to the Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway in 1994, it became the museum's very first unit motive power. It was reclassified to a track car in 2010.
52	Plymouth	DDT-6 Diesel	1962	Operational	Built by Plymouth in 1962 for the Carpenter Technologies, in Pennsylvania. It was acquired by the Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway in late 1996. It was refurbished with knuckle couplers and running boards, it also has snow plow built for it for the winter seasons.

Rolling stock

Locomotive #52 in the WW&F yard

Construction started with a Porter 14-ton 0-4-4 T Forney locomotive originally built for the Sandy River Railroad in 1883. During construction, Portland Company provided the railroad with a number of 10-ton capacity cars 28 feet long. They were flat cars #1–20, box cars #21-25, caboose #26, lowside coal gondolas #27–30, and box cars #31–36. The Portland Company also built a wedge snowplow, a flanger, and two 19-ton 0-4-4 T Forney locomotives #2–3. Jackson and Sharp built four passenger cars 40 feet long. These were clerestory-roofed baggage-express-RPO #1, clerestory-roofed coaches #2–3, and arch-roofed coach #4 designated a smoking car.

Portland Company built 32 more cars when the railroad reorganized for construction to Winslow. These cars were 30-feet long and had a capacity of 12 tons. Coal gondolas were numbered 101–105 and flatcars were numbered 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48-58. Boxcars #33, 35, 37, 39, 41 and 43 were the same height as the original box cars, with door width expanded from 4 to 5 feet. Boxcars #60–64 were about one foot taller than the earlier boxcars.[4] Porter built 24-ton 0-4-4 T Forney locomotive #4 and Jackson & Sharpe built three clerestory-roofed passenger cars 32 feet long. These were coach #5, baggage-RPO-smoking car #6, and open excursion car #7.

Flatcar #118, the only original surviving flatcar

Portland Company built 32 more cars before World War I. Wedge snowplow #402 and flanger #202 were built in 1905. Boxcars #65–74 were built in 1906. Flatcars #106–115 were built in 1907 and #116–125 were built in 1912. All except the snowplow were on the heavy 30-foot underframe.

Carson Peck purchased three locomotives in 1907. No. 5 was a 15-ton 0-4-4 T Forney built by Hinkley for the Bridgton and Saco River Railroad in 1882. Baldwin #6 was a 26-ton 2-6-2 and #7 was a 28-ton 2-4-4 T Forney. These two new outside-frame Baldwin engines moved most main-line trains until they were damaged in the 1931 Wiscasset enginehouse fire. Frank Winter then purchased two used locomotives from the discontinued Kennebec Central Railroad to keep the Wiscasset railroad operating. Portland #8 was a 19-ton 0-4-4 T Forney built for the Bridgton and Saco River Railroad in 1892 and Portland #9 was an 18-ton 0-4-4 T Forney built for the Sandy River Railroad in 1891.

The Wiscasset car shop completed a number of rebuilding projects starting with the conversion of six of the original flatcars to boxcars during the first year of railroad operations. The shop then rebuilt one end of smoking car #4 into a baggage compartment. After the smoking car burst into flame in 1904, its trucks were used under the caboose. The caboose was renumbered from 26 to 301 after its cupola was removed. Excursion car #7 was converted to a replacement combination RPO-smoking car in 1906. The 28-foot gondolas were rebuilt as flatcars when the 30-foot gondolas were delivered, and the 30-foot gondolas were rebuilt as simple flatcars within a year. Box cars #65, 72 and 73 were rebuilt with hinged doors, insulated walls, and 2 windows for use as cream cars carrying an attendant to load and record milk cans.[5] As the 28-foot boxcars needed repair, they were rebuilt to the full height of the 30-foot boxcars and renumbered in the 300 series with special-purpose modifications. Cars #302-304 had end doors and six windows on each side for use as express cars in passenger train service.[6] Many later cars of the 300 series contained stoves to keep potatoes from freezing during winter shipment. Ten of the 28-foot flatcars were rebuilt in 1910 as heated insulated boxcars #501–510 for potato loading.[7] Boxcars #509 was rebuilt with hinged doors for cream car service after car #73 was destroyed in 1913.[8] Flatcar #10 was rebuilt in 1913 with a derrick for placing riprap. The remaining three 28-foot flatcars were rebuilt in 1916 into express cars #80–82 with end doors and 6-foot-wide side doors.[9] Combination #6 was converted to an express car by removing interior features and placing protective bars across the windows.[10]

See also

• List of heritage railroads in the United States

Notes

1. Jones 1987 pp. 70–77
2. Railroad Commissioners' Report 1913 p. 430
3. "Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway Museum". Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway Museum. 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
4. Kohler & McChesney 2004 pp. 16–17,19–22, 58
5. Kohler & McChesney 2004 pp. 49–55
6. Kohler & McChesney 2004 pp. 23, 67–70
7. Kohler & McChesney 2004 p. 23
8. Kohler & McChesney 2004 pp. 57
9. Kohler & McChesney 2004 pp. 23, 34–35
10. Kohler & McChesney 2004 p. 56

References

• Jones, Robert C. & Register, David L. (1987). Two Feet to Tidewater The Wiscasset, Waterville & Farmington Railway. Pruett Publishing Company.
• Kohler, Gary & McChesney, Chris (2004). Narrow Gauge in the Sheepscot Valley, Volume IV. M2FQ Publications.
• Moody, Linwood W. (1959). The Maine Two-Footers. Howell-North.
• Barney, Peter S. (1986). The Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington Railway: A Technical and Pictorial Review. A&M Publishing.
• Meade, Edgar T., Jr. (1968). Busted and Still Running. The Stephen Greene Press.
• Wiggin, Ruth Crosby (1971). Big Dreams and Little Wheels. Ruth Crosby Wiggin.
• Wiggin, Ruth Crosby (1964). Albion on the Narrow Gauge. Ruth Crosby Wiggin.
• Thurlow, Clinton F. (1964). The Weeks Mills "Y" of the Two-Footer. Clinton F. Thurlow.
• Thurlow, Clinton F. (1964). The WW&F Two-Footer Hail and Farewell. Clinton F. Thurlow.
• Thurlow, Clinton F. (1965). Over the Rails by Steam (A Railroad Scrapbook). Clinton F. Thurlow.
• Railroad Commissioners' Report. State of Maine. 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 and 1914

External links

• WW&F Railway Museum