William Cleland (surgeon)

William Paton "Bill" Cleland FRCS FRCP FACS (30 May 1912 – 29 March 2005) was an Australian born British cardiothoracic surgeon and was one of the early pioneers of open-heart surgery.[1]

Career

Cleland was born in Sydney, Australia, the son of Professor Sir John Burton Cleland (1878–1971) and his wife, Dora Isabel Paton (1880–1955). Cleland studied medicine in Adelaide and graduated in 1934. He moved to the UK in 1938 with the intention of becoming a physician but his experiences during the war sparked an interest in surgery. He was further influenced by Tudor Edwards, Lord Russell Claude Brock and Sir Clement Price Thomas.[2]

In 1948 he was appointed consultant thoracic surgeon at Royal Brompton Hospital and Kings College and the following year as a lecturer at Hammersmith Hospital, where Dennis Melrose was developing the heart-lung machine.[3] In 1953 Cleland performed the first open-heart operation in the UK and in 1959 was the first surgeon to operate on the condition obstructive cardiomyopathy. [4][5]

In 1959 the Hammersmith team, with Dennis Melrose's heart-lung machine, Cleland as the lead surgeon and Hugh Bentall as the assistant surgeon, were invited by Alexander Bakulev to the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery in Moscow where, watched by over 200 surgeons from the Soviet Union, they carried out five open-heart operations leading to the introduction of open-heart surgery to Soviet Russia.[6][7][8]Anastas Mikoyan, the First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union at the time, congratulated the team saying "Doctors are clean, but politicians are dirty".[9]

Cleland was civilian consultant to the Royal Navy, a post he held until his retirement in 1977[10]. Cleland established heart surgery units in Egypt, Iraq and Syria and was awarded the Order of the Falcon and the Order of the Lion of Finland by the Icelandic and Finnish governments respectively.[11]

gollark: **STOP DOING MACRON**- MACROS WERE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE USED FOR EVERYTHING- Years of Macron "development" yet NO ACTUAL SPECIFICATION or COHERENT LANGUAGE DESIGN- Wanted to use macros anyway for a laugh? We had a tool for that: It was called Lisp.- "there's two kinds of forwarding. `impl<Int(N)(a)> Int(M)(a) where N < M`. Macron is already named. bags, which are like modules but you can't get a specific thing out" - Statements dreamed up by the utterly Deranged.LOOK what Macron authors have been demanding your Respect for all this time, with all the computers and tooling we built for them (This is REAL Macron, done by REAL Macronians):```def sentinel(x: a, v: a): a? { (x != v).then(x)}``````def id(x: a): a { x}def thing(): Int? { id(0)}```"Hello I would like `impl<u8(a)> T(a)` apples please."
gollark: Like Macron.
gollark: Undo it.
gollark: firecubez and Heav, the TRUE Macron team.
gollark: As in, it implicitly uses Coerce, and implicitly writes Coerce implementations.

References
  1. Anon (Dec 1st 2007),"William Paton Cleland", Who's Who, Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  2. Plarr's Lives of the Fellows,"Cleland, William Paton (1912-2005)", Royal College of Surgeons, Retrieved 1st March 2020
  3. Royal College of Physicians,"Cleland, William Paton", Royal College of Physicians, Retrieved 1st March 2020
  4. Aird I, Melrose DG, Cleland WP, Lynn RB."Assisted circulation by pump-oxygenator during operative dilatation of the aortic valve in man." British Medical Journal. June 5th 1954. Retrieved 1st March 2020
  5. Asia, Tain-Yen (August 2019), "First surgical myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy", The Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Retrieved 1st March 2020
  6. Richmond, Caroline (May 21st 2005) "William Paton Cleland" British Medical Journal, Retrieved 1st March 2020
  7. Bentall, Hugh (May 21st 2005), "William Paton Cleland", The Guardian, Retrieved May 18th 2020.
  8. McLeave, Hugh (1964), A time to heal; the life of Ian Aird, the surgeon. Pages 96–105
  9. Hollman, Arthur. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008, Oxford University Press, pages 222–223
  10. Bentall, Hugh (May 21st 2005), "William Paton Cleland", The Guardian, Retrieved May 18th 2020.
  11. Royal College of Physicians,"Cleland, William Paton", Royal College of Physicians, Retrieved March 1st 2020
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