Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden

Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden is an 80 ha (200 acres) studio complex in Leavesden in Hertfordshire, in southeast England. Formerly known as Leavesden Film Studios and still colloquially known as Leavesden Studios or simply Leavesden, it is a film and media complex owned by Warner Bros. The studios were all converted from an aircraft factory and airfield called Leavesden Aerodrome, a centre of British aircraft production during World War II. It is situated in Abbots Langley, near Watford, in southwest Hertfordshire.[1]

The entrance to Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter

Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden is one of only a few places in the UK where large-scale film productions can be made. The studios contain approximately 50,000 m2 (538,196 sq ft) of flexible space which includes stage space, one of the largest filtered and heated stage-based water tanks in Europe, production office space, workshops and support buildings, along with an extensive 32 ha (79 acres) backlot which offers a 180-degree uninterrupted horizon, favourable for exterior sets. Following an over £110m refurbishment by Warner Bros. the studios are now one of the largest and most state-of-the-art secure filmmaking facilities in the world.[2]

Though the studios are owned by Warner Bros., all of the studio facilities are available to rent for any production. Since acquiring the site Warner Bros. has opened a public attraction called Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter, which receives over 6,000 visitors a day at peak times all whilst the site maintains a secure studio space within the same complex.

History

Leavesden Aerodrome
Leavesden Aerodrome
Summary
Airport typeAirfield & Factory, Closed
Ownerde Havilland Aircraft Company (c1940 – 1960)
Hawker Siddeley (1960–1977)
Rolls-Royce Holdings (1977 – closure)
LocationLeavesden, Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, England, UK
In use8 December 1941 – 31 March 1994
Elevation AMSL335 ft / 102 m
Coordinates51°41′24″N 0°25′08″W
Map
Leavesden Aerodrome
Location within Hertfordshire

Leavesden Aerodrome was a British airfield created in 1940 by the de Havilland Aircraft Company & the Air Ministry in the village of Leavesden, between Watford and Abbots Langley, in Hertfordshire.

Construction began in 1940 after the outbreak of World War II. The de Havilland company, who were based in nearby Hatfield, entered into a contract with the Air Ministry to produce what would become known as the Mosquito fighter craft. Space for the large scale hangars needed to produce the huge number of aeroplanes required was not available at de Havilland's Hatfield Aerodrome. So the Ministry of Supply requisitioned this new site in Leavesden, which was an empty plot of land at the time from the Watford Corporation, and it was developed into the complex that it is today. The construction was enormously expensive so parts of the site were leased to the London Aircraft Production Group & The Second Aircraft Group. Under Handley Page, another Hertfordshire-based aeroplane manufacturer contracted to the Air Ministry, these groups produced the Handley Page Halifax heavy bomber. As a result, by the end of the war Leavesden Airfield was, by volume, the largest factory in the world.[3]

The two planes were both critical successes for Britain during the conflict. Due to the high priority placed on aircraft production, large numbers of workers were drafted with little experience or training in aircraft production, with over half the workforce eventually being female. As part of constructing the aircraft factory an airstrip was created, first so the planes could be tested and later to deliver the craft to their final destinations. The runway and control tower still remain to this day, even after two major renovations, in an effort to preserve the site's history. The runway is now the main road through the complex and the tower is currently an observation lounge.

After the war, the aerodrome was purchased outright by de Havilland, who themselves had a succession of owners in the following decades, including Hawker Siddeley from 1959, but ultimately they and the site were acquired by Rolls-Royce who continued production and design of helicopter engines. Under Rolls-Royce ownership the RTM322 engine for the UK Apache, Merlin and NH90 helicopters was designed, developed and produced at Leavesden as a joint venture with Turbomeca of France. The airfield was also used by commercial small business aircraft as the field is close to both the M1 & M25 motorways. However, by the early 1990s, Britain's manufacturing industry was in decline and Rolls-Royce had sold their interests in the site and transferred all work to their Bristol facility. Unable to find a new owner, by 1994 Leavesden Aerodrome was left disused and all but abandoned.[4]

The following units were here at some point:[5]

  • No. 122 Gliding School RAF
  • Coastal Command Communication Squadron RAF
Gringotts Wizarding Bank, Diagon Alley film set
The old "Leavesden Studios" sign in 2005

Leavesden Studios

In 1994, Eon Productions' James Bond film GoldenEye was to be the next film in the series. Pinewood Studios, their traditional home studio, was fully booked with other productions, not being prepared for the series' unexpected return. Facing little time to find a space in which they could build the number of large scale sets required, the production discovered the unoccupied Leavesden. The wide, tall and open aircraft hangars were uniquely well suited to conversion into film stages. Eon leased the site for the duration of their shoot and went about gutting the factories, turning them into stages, workshops and offices – in short a working film studio.[6] This process is shown on the 2006 DVD's special features. Members of the production crew, impressed by the enormous size of the filmmaking complex they suddenly had to themselves, jokingly called Leavesden "Cubbywood" after Eon's long serving producer Albert R. 'Cubby' Broccoli.[7]

Leavesden Studios, as the site was rebranded by its owners, quickly became popular after filming of GoldenEye was completed. A succession of major feature films made use of the site, in 1997, the first of the Star Wars prequels, The Phantom Menace and later Tim Burton's Sleepy Hollow.

Harry Potter

By the year 2000, Heyday Films had acquired use of the site on behalf of Warner Bros. for what would be the first in a series of films, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.[8] Every one of the Harry Potter films was based at Leavesden Studios over the following ten years.

While other productions—almost exclusively other Warner Bros. productions—made partial use of the studios, the site was mostly occupied by Harry Potter's permanent standing sets. Indeed, some films, such as Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and Sherlock Holmes actually made use of some of the Harry Potter sets since they were sufficiently appropriate for their Victorian setting and tone. During this time, however, it was noted that there were some ways in which the site's facilities might be improved. None of the stages were adequately soundproofed and the WW2 era ceilings had a tendency to leak during rainy weather.

Film set of the Great Hall, Hogwarts at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London, loosely inspired by The Hall of Christ Church, Oxford[9][10]

One of the more noticeable exterior sets constructed on the Leavesden backlot (outdoors) was a row of ten houses (five per side) along a street, which was created for the Harry Potter series to represent Privet Drive.[11]

On 21 March 2010, there was a fire on one of the Hogwarts sets during filming of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 at Leavesden Studios. Not much of the set was badly damaged.[12]

In 2010, as the final Harry Potter film was nearing completion, Warner Bros. announced their intention to purchase the studio as a permanent European base, the first studio to do so since Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the 1940s.[13]

Warner Bros.

By November 2010, Warner Bros. completed its purchase of Leavesden Studios and announced plans to invest more than £100m into the site they had occupied for over ten years, rebranding it Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden. The studios make Warner Bros. the only Hollywood film studio with a permanent base in the United Kingdom.

The triple-decker Knight Bus used in the Harry Potter film series

Much of the redevelopment involved converting stages A to H into sound stages and equipping all the facilities with the latest fittings a production might require. The refurbished stages were conversions of the original buildings and the runway and control tower from the site's days as an aerodrome remain intact as well as all of the buildings' original structures. The full scale refurbishment and renovation of the production facilities were completed and the studios reopened to film and television work in 2012.[14][15]

As part of this redevelopment Warner Bros. also created two entirely new soundstages, J & K, to house a permanent public exhibition called the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter, creating 300 new jobs in the local area.[16] Currently the whole attraction is dedicated to the making of Harry Potter and is now home to many of the series' most iconic sets, props and costumes. It was opened to the public in early 2012.

The first film to start shooting at the newly refurbished studios was Edge of Tomorrow.[17] Though the studios are privately owned, the shooting spaces are available to rent for any production.

On 30 June 2014, Warner Bros. announced the expansion of the studio, building three new state-of-the-art stages and adding a further 10,000 m2 (107,639 sq ft) of office space. The announcements were made after a reception celebrating the Creative Industries, hosted by PM David Cameron, and attended by WB's CEO Kevin Tsujihara and WB UK's MD Josh Berger.[18] Leavesden's trio of new sound-stages consist of one 3,250 m2 (34,983 sq ft) building and two 1,575 m2 (16,953 sq ft) buildings, along with 1,860 m2 (20,021 sq ft) of adjacent office space which were completed by the end of 2014. On the same day the filming of live-action The Legend of Tarzan got underway at the studio.[19] Following the refurbishments, the studios are now one of the largest and most state-of-the-art secure filmmaking facilities in the world.[2]

Royal opening

Almost twenty years after the complex was converted from aerodrome to film studios—and over a year since the completion of work on the newly refurbished studios—the site was officially opened by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on 26 April 2013.[20] On their visit, they were accompanied by the Duke's brother Prince Harry and J. K. Rowling (who had been unable to attend the tour's grand opening the year before), amongst other guests. Several hundred beneficiaries of supported charities were given invitations to the Studio Tour on the day of the visit. The royal entourage visited both the tour and the studios, viewing the props and costumes from Christopher Nolan's Batman films, before conducting the site's inauguration.[21][22]

2019 fire

On 10 July 2019, a fire broke out in one of the studio's sets, and would take responders 15 hours to extinguish. A set for the HBO television series Avenue 5 was damaged in the fire.[23][24]

Productions

Films that have made use of the facilities include:[25]

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

The studios have also been used for various music videos and television commercials, most notably support for the video for Jamiroquai's "Deeper Underground".

Studio tour
Main article: Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter
Potter's cottage, Godric's Hollow

Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter is a public attraction in Leavesden Hertfordshire, England. It is a permanent behind-the-scenes exhibition of the Harry Potter films.

The Studio Tour, opened to the public in early 2012. The grand opening event was attended by many of the Harry Potter film series cast and crew members.[30][31]

Each tour session typically lasting three hours, the studio tour has the capacity to handle 6,000 visitors daily.[32] Despite Warner Bros. being the studio behind Harry Potter, the tour is not styled as a theme park, due to the fact that Warner Bros. sold the licence to do so to Universal Studios.[32]

Though the standard tour is self-guided, various guided tours are available at an additional cost.[33]

Creation

As early as 2001, after the success of the first film, Warner Bros. planned to build an attraction dedicated to the series in place and so began storing items from the films when they were no longer being used.

The tour's layout and overall presentation was designed by the Los Angeles-based Thinkwell Group in close collaboration with Warner Bros. and the actual filmmakers, including Production Designer Stuart Craig, Set Dresser Stephenie McMillan, Creature Designer Nick Dudman & Special Effects Supervisor John Richardson.[34] It only includes sets, props and costumes that were actually created for or used in the production of the Harry Potter film series. Sets like the Great Hall, Dumbledore's Office, Diagon Alley, the Ministry of Magic, Gryffindor Common Room and Boys' Dormitory, Hagrid's Hut and a 1:24 scale model of Hogwarts Castle.

The 1:24 scale model of Hogwarts on display

Reception

Since opening in 2012, TripAdvisor has reported that The Making of Harry Potter is the highest rated attraction in the world every year since.

Expansions

Warner Bros. has continued to put on special features for the school holidays, such as Dark Arts and Animal Actors. Some installations like the Wand Choreography Interactive and the inside of the last No. 4 Privet Drive Exterior set have been so popular that they have remained after their respective features have closed.[35]

In January 2015, the attraction's first expansion was announced – a new Platform 9¾ section, where visitors are able to board the original carriages behind the Hogwarts Express steam engine used in the films. The setup includes the locomotive GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall (dressed as 5972 Hogwarts Castle) and the British Rail Mark 1 train that appeared in the films, brought to life by John Richardson's special effects team. Finally a new green screen experience illustrates what working on the films is like from an actor's point of view. This section opened in late March 2015.[36]

The tour in Warner Bros. Studios, Burbank has been renamed Warner Bros. Studio Tour Hollywood[37] (previously it was known as the Warner Bros. Studios VIP Tour).[38][39] Warner has altered the tour, offering more facilities and options to visitors.[40]

gollark: Web download would be easy but then it'd not work on some embedded systems.
gollark: If I can somehow fit a CC emulator (or code to decompress one, or download it from the web...) into 4KB, it'd make a great EEProm.
gollark: By providing implementations for literally every java-side API.
gollark: Because fully emulating CC is *probably* about as easy as making potatOS work.
gollark: jake, try the `exorcise` command on a file.

See also

References
  1. "Find us | The Studios | Warner Bros Studios Leavesden". www.wbsl.com. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  2. http://www2.threerivers.gov.uk/upload/publicaccess/Planning%20supporting%20statement_low%20res%20(57162).pdf
  3. Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. "Leavesden".
  4. "Leavesden Aerodrome – From Halifaxes to Hogwarts". www.allhs.org.uk. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  5. "Leavesden". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  6. The film studio: film production in the global economy
  7. Peter Aston, Pierce Brosnan, Martin Campbell (26 December 1995). GoldenEye: The Secret Files (TV Documentary). Carlton Television. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone | Leavesden Studios
  9. "Harry Potter fans boost Oxford Christ Church Cathedral". BBC. 25 March 2012.
  10. "Visitor Information: Harry Potter". Christ Church, Oxford. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  11. "Harry Potter filming locations – Leavesden Studios". Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
  12. "Fire on Harry Potter Set". National Ledger. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  13. Jaafar, Ali (27 January 2010). "Warner to buy Leavesden Studios". Variety.
  14. Sabbagh, Dan; Sweney, Mark (9 November 2010). "Warner Bros buys Harry Potter studios in £100m boost for UK films". The Guardian. London.
  15. Press Releases – Newsroom – Time Warner
  16. Warner Bros. unveils plans for Harry Potter attraction (From Watford Observer)
  17. Kemp, Stuart (6 August 2012). "Tom Cruise's 'All You Need is Kill' to Shoot at Leavesden Studios". The Hollywood Reporter.
  18. Gallagher, Brian (30 June 2014). "Warner Bros. Expands Leavesden Studios as 'Tarzan' Begins Production". movieweb.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  19. Cox, Gordon (30 June 2014). "Warner Bros. to Expand Leavesden Studios as 'Tarzan' Starts Filming". variety.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  20. "Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit Harry Potter studios". BBC News. 26 April 2013.
  21. Royals enjoy a wizard time on Harry Potter studio tour (From Watford Observer)
  22. "Photos: Duke and Duchess at Inauguration of Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden". Denver Post.
  23. Warner Bros Studios fire: Crews tackle blaze for 15 hours
  24. HBO’s ‘Avenue 5′ Set Damaged In Fire At Warner Bros’ Leavesden Studios In UK – Update
  25. the studiotour.com – Productions shot at the studio
  26. "list of films made at Leavesden". BFI.
  27. "Filming Gets Underway on "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them"". 17 August 2015.
  28. Breznican, Anthony (22 February 2016). "Justice League begins shooting April 11 – EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  29. Ritman, Alex (19 February 2018). "5 London Studios Hollywood Loves". TheHollywoodReporter. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  30. List revealed for Warner Bros. Studio Tour London The Making of Harry Potter grand opening
  31. "Cast and Crew attends Warner Bros. Studio Tour The Making of Harry Potter grand opening"
  32. Sabbagh, Dan (10 June 2012). "Josh Berger on Leavesden film studios: Harry Potter's new chamber of secrets". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  33. "Warner Bros. Studio Tour London's accessibility guide to the tour".
  34. "Warner Bros. Studio Tour London: The Making of Harry Potter | Thinkwell Group | Experience Design CompanyThinkwell Group, Inc". Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  35. Warner Bros. "Warner's list of upcoming special features at the tour".
  36. "Harry Potter Tour introducing Platform 9 ¾". 26 January 2015.
  37. Warner Bros. "Official site of Warner Bros. Studio Tour Hollywood".
  38. aaa.com. "aaa archival info on 'warner bros. studios VIP tour".
  39. seeing-stars.com. "seeing-stars.com's archival info on 'warner bros. studios VIP tour".
  40. eventmagazine.co.uk. "the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London venue is also available to hire for private events".

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