WH1 domain

WH1 domain
Identifiers
SymbolWH1
PfamPF00568
InterProIPR000697
SMARTWH1
SCOPe1evh / SUPFAM
CDDcd01205

Function

WH1 domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain.[1] Therefore, it has an important function. WH1 domains are found on WASP proteins, which are often involved in actin polymerization. Hence, WH1 is important for all cellular processes involving actin, this includes cell motility, cell trafficking, cell division and cytokinesis, cell signalling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape.[2]

Interactions

The WASP protein family control actin polymerization by activating the Arp2/3 complex. WASP is defective in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) whereby in most patient cases, the majority of point mutations occur within the N-terminal WH1 domain. The metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1alpha and mGluR5 bind a protein called homer, which is a WH1 domain homologue.[3][4]

A subset of WH1 domains has been termed the EVH1 domain and appear to bind a polyproline motif. The EVH1 (WH1, RanBP1-WASP) domain is found in multi-domain proteins implicated in a diverse range of signalling, nuclear transport and cytoskeletal events. This domain of around 115 amino acids is present in species ranging from yeast to mammals. Many EVH1-containing proteins associate with actin-based structures and play a role in cytoskeletal organisation. EVH1 domains recognise and bind the proline-rich motif FPPPP with low-affinity, further interactions then form between flanking residues.[4][5]

WASP family proteins contain an EVH1 (WH1) in their N-terminals which bind proline-rich sequences in the WASP interacting protein. Proteins of the RanBP1 family contain a WH1 domain in their N-terminal region, which seems to bind a different sequence motif present in the C-terminal part of RanGTP protein.[6][7]

Tertiary structure of the WH1 domain of the Mena protein revealed structure similarities with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The overall fold consists of a compact parallel beta-sandwich, closed along one edge by a long alpha-helix. A highly conserved cluster of three surface-exposed aromatic side-chains forms the recognition site for the molecules target ligands.[8]

Examples

Human genes encoding proteins containing the WH1 domain include:

gollark: Ask whoever runs the ““““makerspace“ then, of course.
gollark: While nobody is looking, swap the corkboard for one with your flyer laser-etched into it.
gollark: Use steganography to hide the contents of your flyers in random undifferentiated corkboard area.
gollark: Nobody has to know.
gollark: Just make them assume that it was approved at some point but they forgot or weren't paying attention.

References
  1. Symons M, Derry JM, Karlak B, Jiang S, Lemahieu V, Mccormick F, Francke U, Abo A (March 1996). "Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, a novel effector for the GTPase CDC42Hs, is implicated in actin polymerization". Cell. 84 (5): 723–34. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81050-8. PMID 8625410.
  2. Veltman DM, Insall RH (2010). "WASP family proteins: their evolution and its physiological implications". Mol Biol Cell. 21 (16): 2880–93. doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-04-0372. PMC 2921111. PMID 20573979.
  3. Ponting CP, Phillips C (1997). "Identification of homer as a homologue of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein suggests a receptor-binding function for WH1 domains". J. Mol. Med. 75 (11–12): 769–71. doi:10.1007/s001090050166. PMID 9428607.
  4. Niebuhr K, Ebel F, Frank R, Reinhard M, Domann E, Carl UD, Walter U, Gertler FB, Wehland J, Chakraborty T (September 1997). "A novel proline-rich motif present in ActA of Listeria monocytogenes and cytoskeletal proteins is the ligand for the EVH1 domain, a protein module present in the Ena/VASP family". EMBO J. 16 (17): 5433–44. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.17.5433. PMC 1170174. PMID 9312002.
  5. Ball LJ, Jarchau T, Oschkinat H, Walter U (February 2002). "EVH1 domains: structure, function and interactions". FEBS Lett. 513 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03291-4. PMID 11911879.
  6. Callebaut I, Cossart P, Dehoux P (December 1998). "EVH1/WH1 domains of VASP and WASP proteins belong to a large family including Ran-binding domains of the RanBP1 family". FEBS Lett. 441 (2): 181–5. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01541-5. PMID 9883880.
  7. Beddow AL, Richards SA, Orem NR, Macara IG (April 1995). "The Ran/TC4 GTPase-binding domain: identification by expression cloning and characterization of a conserved sequence motif". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (8): 3328–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3328. PMC 42159. PMID 7724562.
  8. Prehoda KE, Lee DJ, Lim WA (May 1999). "Structure of the enabled/VASP homology 1 domain-peptide complex: a key component in the spatial control of actin assembly". Cell. 97 (4): 471–80. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80757-6. PMID 10338211.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR007875


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