Victorian Railways T class (1874)

The 23 Victorian Railways T class locomotives were built from 1874 as a light lines goods engine.

Victorian Railways T Class
The Deniliquin and Moama Railway Company's locomotive No.1, with Mixed Train, at Deniliquin on the Opening Day, 4 July 1876
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerBeyer, Peacock & Co., Manchester, England
BuilderBeyer, Peacock & Co., Manchester, England & Phoenix Foundry, Ballarat, Australia
Order numberPattern engine: 3003
Build date1874–1885
Total produced23
Rebuild date1901–1906
Number rebuilt22 out of 23
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte0-6-0
Driver2nd coupled axle
Coupled dia.4'3"
Wheelbase15'4" (engine only)
 • Coupled15'4"
Frame typePlate
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacityUnknown (pattern), 70cwt (Phoenix), 84cwt (ex W)
Water capUnknown (pattern), 1,915gal (Phoenix), 2,600gal (rebuilt), 2,100gal (ex W)
Firebox typeRound top
Boiler pressure130psi (original), 140psi (T281), 160psi (reboilered engines)
Safety valveSalter (original), Ramsbottom (reboilered)
Heating surface848.10sqft, later 865.10sqft
 • Tubes771.34sqft, later 792.70sqft
 • Firebox76.76sqft, later 72.40sqft
Cylinders2
Cylinder size16.5" x 20"
Performance figures
Tractive effort10,676lbf original (at 75%), 13,665lbf rebuilt (at 80%)
Career
NumbersD&MR 1–4, 125 & 249–283 (odds only, VR), later 90–96
Delivered1874–1885
Withdrawn1915–1953
Preserved1
For the later diesel locomotives, see Victorian Railways T class.

History

In 1874 the Victorian Railways imported two pattern engines from Beyer, Peacock & Co. (Manchester)—a passenger type 2-4-0, and a goods type 0-6-0. Respectively, on arrival these became the Victorian Railways' engines 98 and 125. The engines shared many components, essentially being variants on the theme as was common practice at the time. While no further engines of these types were ordered by the Victorian Railways, the newly-formed Deniliquin and Moama Railway Company (D&MR) appreciated the goods design and placed orders for two identical units in 1875, followed by a third in 1876 and a fourth in 1878.[1] These four units had larger timber cabins to provide improved crew comfort, and six-wheel tenders were fitted with 70cwt coal and 1,915gal water capacity.[2] The engines operating on the D&MR were fired with local redgum instead of coal, and at least No.4 was fitted with a diamond-shaped funnel with a screen to reduce the chance of lineside fires caused by cinders.[3]

A decade later Solomon Mirls, the newly appointed Locomotive Superintendent of the Victorian Railways, suggested that the Victorian Government let tenders for a further 18 engines based on the design of no.125, with slight modifications taking into account lessons learned. Phoenix Foundry, who had since constructed copies of the passenger type engine, won the contract and delivered additional goods engines through 1884–1885 as odd numbers 249 to 283. In the 1886 classification scheme the group became known as the T Class. Phoenix Foundry's engines were a close match to the D&MR type, including the improved cab and extended tender designs.[1]

By 1890, the class was allocated to a range of country depots including one each to Maryborough, Ballarat and Seymour, six each to Ararat and Benalla, and four to Stawell.[1]

The original boilers fitted to both the T and F classes were raised, round-top with Salter safety valves mounted on the steam dome. These came due for replacement around the turn of the century, and between 1901 and 1906 all engines of both classes, except T281, were reboilered with a new design incorporating Ramsbottom safety valves and a boiler pressure of 160psi, increased from 130psi. The new boilers included a larger smoke box with a new three-piece funnel, using a cast-iron base and a copper cap.[1] Additionally, the six-wheel 70cwt/1,915gal tenders had their sides extended, increasing water capacity to 2,600gal.[2] T281 retained its original boiler, but the pressure permitted was increased to 140psi. Around the same time (give or take a few years) the original cylinders were also replaced.

However, the engines had a limited life span from that point, as newer designs—particularly the DD series—eclipsed their power while providing better crew accommodation, longer range and more power. As such, engines were condemned and scrapped as they came due for major overhauls, with five scrapped in 1916 and most of the remainder over the following years. Two were sold; T279 in 1915 to Baxter & Saddler for track construction in South Australia, and T267 in 1921 to the Kerang and Koondrook Tramway. Four additional engines were acquired when the Victorian Railways purchased the Deniliquin and Moama Railway in 1923, but engines 1, 2 and 4 were all transported to Bendigo Workshops and broken up over the following eighteen months. D&MR No.3 lasted a little longer and was caught up in the 1924 engine renumbering scheme, becoming the new No.96 while 249, 251, 255, 259, 265 and 269 were allocated numbers 90 to 95, respectively. 90-ex-249, 259 and 269 were scrapped in 1926, followed by 91 and 96 in 1927.[1]

On the Kerang and Koondrook Tramway, T267 was unofficially named "Bucking Kate" until withdrawn in 1951 and returned to the Victorian Railways. Details are not presently available on the fate of T279.

In 1933 the two remaining Government engines, 92 and 94, had their central driving wheel flanges removed (retaining the outer sets), and the engines were coupled to new tenders recovered from scrapped Baldwin W Class engines; these had a fixed axle at the engine end and a bogie at the trailing end, making them ideal for shunting around tight radius curves in the Newport Power Station vicinity. These engines retained their three-piece funnels until the 1940s when they were replaced with a simpler stovepipe type. As the only engines suited to the job the two continued in service for another 18 years, before finally being superseded by SEC diesels from 1952. They were both withdrawn in 1953 and T92 was scrapped. T94 was retained and cosmetically restored for the 1954 Victorian Railways centenary, being displayed at Spencer Street Station in its original lined Brunswick green livery and with a funnel taken from a withdrawn NA locomotive. After the celebrations, it was placed into long term storage. In January 1962, it was donated to the then-new ARHS Museum at Newport, becoming one of the first exhibits.[1] Sometime after, the centenary funnel was swapped with a larger-diameter one from 12A, possibly during the latter engine's restoration.

Class table
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References
  1. Newsrail, March 1984 pp.76–79
  2. Cave, N., Buckland, J. & Beardsell, D. (2002) Steam Locomotives of the Victorian Railways - Volume 1 The First Fifty Years, Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division), pp.65, 113–114 & 117, ISBN 1876677384
  3. http://mathoura.com/f.ashx/about/FACT-SHEET-2-D-26M-RAILWAY.pdf
  4. Medlin, P. N. (2004) Victorian Railways Locomotives by Number (self-published, based on Victorian Railways' locomotive repair cards), pp.1, 15, 18 & 29–32
  5. Butrims, R. & Macartney , D. 2013, The Phoenix Foundry: Locomotive Builders of Ballarat, published by the Australian Railway Historical Society, ISBN 978-0-646-90402-3, pp.82-89 & 148-151
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